linux中虚拟化管理

绝地灬酷狼 2022-02-18 18:56 194阅读 0赞

## 一.虚拟机安装 ##

1.镜像安装  
首先下载好需要的镜像文件  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190417213801670.png]  
注意此实验要在root用户下进行

virt-manager            ##进入虚拟机管理服务

双击右上角电脑标志  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
选择镜像安装  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
找到文件下载位置  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
输入虚拟机名字  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
内存和虚拟机cpu个数  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
虚拟硬盘大小设置  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
将网卡和硬盘都换成虚拟的网卡和硬盘  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
点击右上角开始安装，进入安装界面选择第一个版本  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
安装过程中的语言设置，本机选择英语  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
选择时区，这里我选择上海  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
系统默认语言支持选择英语和简体中文  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]因个人需求，这里选择安装图形界面（一般都选这个）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
选择安装位置  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]  
接受配置更改  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
点击开始安装  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
设置root用户密码  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]  
配置完成等待安装结束  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]  
这是安装好的虚拟机  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDg4OTYxNg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]

## 二.脚本安装 ##

创建一个虚拟机安装脚本

#!/bin/bash virt-install \ --name $1 \ ##安装时输入虚拟机的名字
     --cdrom /home/kiosk/Documents/day8/rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso \ ##选择安装时所用的镜像文件
     --ram 1024 \ ##设定ram大小
     --vcpus 1 \ ##设定cpu个数
     --disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/$1.qcow2,size=5,bus=virito \ ##设定虚拟硬盘空间大小
     --network bridge=br0,model=virtio &> /dev/null & ##设定网络连接方式主机为桥接，虚拟机为虚拟网卡

sh vm_install.sh test        ##运行该命令后自动生成一个按配置信息要求的系统，且直接进入系统安装界面

## 三.虚拟机管理命令 ##

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>virt-manager</th> 
   <th>开启虚拟机管理器</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>virsh list</td> 
   <td>显示正在运行的虚拟机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>virsh list --all</td> 
   <td>显示所有虚拟机</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>virsh start server</td> 
   <td>打开虚拟机server</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>virt-viewer server</td> 
   <td>显示虚拟机server</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>virsh shutdown desktop</td> 
   <td>正常关闭虚拟机（可能被阻塞）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>virsh destory desktop</td> 
   <td>强制关闭虚拟机</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

![在这里插入图片描述][20190417223229154.png]

[20190417213801670.png]: /images/20220218/68152219e0e9467a895856d2d8e535f0.png
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