一、权限和build.gradle配置并开启蓝牙（安卓蓝牙ble教程）

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2022-02-17 11:06 626阅读 0赞

1、AndroidManifest.xml配置

有4个基本权限需要配置，分别是：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
        <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>

具体的AndroidManifest.xml配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        package="club.stm32">
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
        <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
    
        <application
            android:allowBackup="true"
            android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
            android:supportsRtl="true"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
            <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
    
                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                </intent-filter>
            </activity>
        </application>
    
    </manifest>

除此之外，还需要动态申请 ACCESS\_COARSE\_LOCATION 定位权限

# 1、MainActivity.java #

注：如果复制代码进项目时显示红色，请按ALT+ENTER键导包（import class）

package club.stm32;
    
    import android.Manifest;
    import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
    import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
    import android.os.Build;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
    import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
    import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Button;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
        private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
        private Button btnCheckPermission;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            getPermission();  //获取权限
            bluetoothInit();    //蓝牙初始化
            widgetInit();       //控件初始化
            widgetListener();   //控件监听
    
        }
    
        //获取权限
        private void getPermission() {
    
            //如果sdk版本大于23
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=23){
    
                //如果没有权限
                if ((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED))
                {
                    //动态申请权限
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 10);
                }
            }
        }
    
        //控件初始化
        private void widgetInit() {
    
            //请自行提升到全局，原型是：Button startscan = findViewById(R.id.startscan);
            btnCheckPermission = findViewById(R.id.btnCheckPermission);
        }
    
        //控件监听
        private void widgetListener() {
    
    
            //测试权限按钮监听
            btnCheckPermission.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    int permissionCheck = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
                    if (permissionCheck == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//如果有权限
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "hava this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//toast信息
                        Log.d("权限：","有定位权限");//在logcat上打印信息
                    }else {
                        getPermission();//获取权限
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "no this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//toast信息
                        Log.d("权限：","无定位权限");//在logcat上打印信息
                    }
                }
            });
    
        }
    
    
    
        private void bluetoothInit() {
    
            //如果不支持蓝牙
            if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE))
            {
                //提示不支持蓝牙
                Toast.makeText(this, "程序不支持该设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                //退出程序
                finish();
            }
            //创建蓝牙适配器原型是BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
            bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
            //如果蓝牙适配器为空
            if (bluetoothAdapter == null)
            {
                //显示设备无蓝牙
                Toast.makeText(this, "设备无蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                //退出
                finish();
            }
            //如果蓝牙未开启
            if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
            {
                //不提示,直接开启蓝牙
                bluetoothAdapter.enable();
                //提示开启蓝牙中
                Toast.makeText(this, "开启蓝牙中,如果未开启,请检查应用权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

# 2、布局文件activity\_main.xml #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">
    
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="300dp"
            android:text="Hello World!"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
        <LinearLayout
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    
            <Button
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="测试权限"
                android:id="@+id/startscan"
                />
    
    
    
        </LinearLayout>
    
    
    
    </LinearLayout>

# 效果图 #

![20190424140310351.gif][]

# 通过log.d打印的内容： #

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM0MjM0MDg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

[20190424140310351.gif]: /images/20220217/06c927a796b84f518bbd9a1582d42dd3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM0MjM0MDg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220217/1acb1280f19a427aa2b9cf9123fe34ea.png