1、AndroidManifest.xml配置

有4个基本权限需要配置，分别是：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>

具体的AndroidManifest.xml配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="club.stm32">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

除此之外，还需要动态申请 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 定位权限

1、MainActivity.java

注：如果复制代码进项目时显示红色，请按ALT+ENTER键导包（import class）

package club.stm32;
import android.Manifest;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
    private Button btnCheckPermission;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        getPermission();  //获取权限
        bluetoothInit();    //蓝牙初始化
        widgetInit();       //控件初始化
        widgetListener();   //控件监听
    }
    //获取权限
    private void getPermission() {
        //如果sdk版本大于23
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=23){
            //如果没有权限
            if ((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED))
            {
                //动态申请权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, 10);
            }
        }
    }
    //控件初始化
    private void widgetInit() {
        //请自行提升到全局，原型是：Button startscan = findViewById(R.id.startscan);
        btnCheckPermission = findViewById(R.id.btnCheckPermission);
    }
    //控件监听
    private void widgetListener() {
        //测试权限按钮监听
        btnCheckPermission.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                int permissionCheck = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
                if (permissionCheck == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//如果有权限
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "hava this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//toast信息
                    Log.d("权限：","有定位权限");//在logcat上打印信息
                }else {
                    getPermission();//获取权限
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "no this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//toast信息
                    Log.d("权限：","无定位权限");//在logcat上打印信息
                }
            }
        });
    }
    private void bluetoothInit() {
        //如果不支持蓝牙
        if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE))
        {
            //提示不支持蓝牙
            Toast.makeText(this, "程序不支持该设备", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            //退出程序
            finish();
        }
        //创建蓝牙适配器原型是BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        //如果蓝牙适配器为空
        if (bluetoothAdapter == null)
        {
            //显示设备无蓝牙
            Toast.makeText(this, "设备无蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            //退出
            finish();
        }
        //如果蓝牙未开启
        if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled())
        {
            //不提示,直接开启蓝牙
            bluetoothAdapter.enable();
            //提示开启蓝牙中
            Toast.makeText(this, "开启蓝牙中,如果未开启,请检查应用权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

2、布局文件activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="300dp"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <Button
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="测试权限"
            android:id="@+id/startscan"
            />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>