如何优雅的备份账号相关信息

秒速五厘米 2022-02-15 15:17 176阅读 0赞

**前言：**

最近遇到实例迁移的问题，数据迁完后还需要将数据库用户及权限迁移过去。进行逻辑备份时，我一般习惯将MySQL系统库排除掉，这样备份里面就不包含数据库用户相关信息了。这时候如果想迁移用户相关信息 可以采用以下三种方案，类似的 我们也可以采用以下三种方案来备份数据库账号相关信息。（本文方案针对MySQL5.7版本，其他版本稍有不同）

#### 1.mysqldump逻辑导出用户相关信息 ####

我们知道，数据库用户密码及权限相关信息保存在系统库`mysql` 里面。采用mysqldump可以将相关表数据导出来 如果有迁移用户的需求 我们可以按照需求在另外的实例中插入这些数据。下面我们来演示下：

#只导出mysql库中的user，db，tables_priv表数据 
    #如果你有针队column的赋权 可以再导出columns_priv表数据
    #若数据库开启了GTID 导出时最好加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
    mysqldump -uroot -proot mysql user db tables_priv -t --skip-extended-insert > /tmp/user_info.sql
    
    #导出的具体信息
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `user`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','root','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','* 81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B','N','2019-03-06 03:03:15',NULL,'N');
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.session','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_na tive_password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('localhost','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native _password','*THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE','N','2019-03-06 02:57:40',NULL,'Y');
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','* 94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29','N','2019-04-19 06:24:54',NULL,'N');
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','read','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_password','* 2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736','N','2019-04-19 06:27:45',NULL,'N');
    INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('%','test_user','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','',_binary '',_binary '',_binary '',0,0,0,0,'mysql_native_passwor d','*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17','N','2019-04-19 06:29:38',NULL,'N');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `db`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `db` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','performance_schema','mysql.session','Y','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N');
    INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','N','Y');
    INSERT INTO `db` VALUES ('%','test_db','test','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','N','N','N','Y','N','N','Y','Y','N','N','Y','N','N');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `db` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `tables_priv`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `tables_priv` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','mysql','mysql.session','user','boot@connecting host','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select','');
    INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('localhost','sys','mysql.sys','sys_config','root@localhost','2019-03-06 02:57:40','Select','');
    INSERT INTO `tables_priv` VALUES ('%','test_db','test_user','t1','root@localhost','0000-00-00 00:00:00','Select,Insert,Update,Delete','');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `tables_priv` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    #在新的实例插入所需数据 就可以创建出相同的用户及权限了

#### 2.自定义脚本导出 ####

首先拼接出创建用户的语句：

SELECT
    	CONCAT(
    		'create user \'',
        user,
        '\'@\'',
        Host,
        '\''
        ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
        authentication_string,
    		'\';'
    	) AS CreateUserQuery
    FROM
    	mysql.`user`
    WHERE
    	`User` NOT IN (
    		'mysql.session',
    		'mysql.sys'
    	);
    	
    #结果 在新实例执行后可以创建出相同密码的用户
    mysql> SELECT
        -> CONCAT(
        -> 'create user \'',
        ->     user,
        ->     '\'@\'',
        ->     Host,
        ->     '\''
        ->     ' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'',
        ->     authentication_string,
        -> '\';'
        -> ) AS CreateUserQuery
        -> FROM
        -> mysql.`user`
        -> WHERE
        -> `User` NOT IN (
        -> 'mysql.session',
        -> 'mysql.sys'
        -> );
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | CreateUserQuery                                                                                 |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B';      |
    | create user 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29';      |
    | create user 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736';      |
    | create user 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17'; |
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后通过脚本导出用户权限：

#导出权限脚本
    #!/bin/bash 
    #Function export user privileges 
     
    pwd=root  
    expgrants()  
    {   
      mysql -B -u'root' -p${pwd} -N $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( 'SHOW GRANTS FOR ''', user, '''@''', host, ''';' ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | \
      mysql -u'root' -p${pwd} $@ | \
      sed 's/$GRANT .*$/\1;/;s/^$Grants for .*$/-- \1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}'  
    }  
     
    expgrants > /tmp/grants.sql
    echo "flush privileges;" >> /tmp/grants.sql
    
    #执行脚本后结果
    -- Grants for read@% 
    GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';
    
    -- Grants for root@% 
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    
    -- Grants for test@% 
    GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';
    
    -- Grants for test_user@% 
    GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';
    
    -- Grants for mysql.session@localhost 
    GRANT SUPER ON *.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
    GRANT SELECT ON `performance_schema`.* TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
    GRANT SELECT ON `mysql`.`user` TO 'mysql.session'@'localhost';
    
    -- Grants for mysql.sys@localhost 
    GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
    GRANT TRIGGER ON `sys`.* TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';
    GRANT SELECT ON `sys`.`sys_config` TO 'mysql.sys'@'localhost';

#### 3.mysqlpump直接导出用户 ####

mysqlpump是mysqldump的一个衍生，也是MySQL逻辑备份的工具。mysqlpump可用的选项更多，可以直接导出创建用户的语句及赋权的语句。下面我们来演示下：

#exclude-databases排除数据库 --users指定导出用户 exclude-users排除哪些用户 
    #还可以增加 --add-drop-user 参数 生成drop user语句
    #若数据库开启了GTID 导出时必须加上 --set-gtid-purged=OFF
    mysqlpump -uroot -proot --exclude-databases=% --users  --exclude-users=mysql.session,mysql.sys > /tmp/user.sql
    
    #导出的结果
    -- Dump created by MySQL pump utility, version: 5.7.23, linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64)
    -- Dump start time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019
    -- Server version: 5.7.23
    
    SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0;
    SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
    SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE;
    SET SQL_MODE="NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
    SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN= 0;
    SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE;
    SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00';
    SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;
    SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;
    SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION;
    SET NAMES utf8mb4;
    CREATE USER 'read'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*2158DEFBE7B6FC24585930DF63794A2A44F22736' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
    GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'read'@'%';
    CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
    CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*94BDCEBE19083CE2A1F959FD02F964C7AF4CFC29' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
    GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'%';
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW ON `test_db`.* TO 'test'@'%';
    CREATE USER 'test_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*8A447777509932F0ED07ADB033562027D95A0F17' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
    GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test_user'@'%';
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `test_db`.`t1` TO 'test_user'@'%';
    SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE;
    SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT;
    SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS;
    SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION;
    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;
    SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS;
    SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE;
    -- Dump end time: Fri Apr 19 15:03:02 2019
    
    #可以看出 导出结果只包含创建用户及赋权的语句 十分好用
    #mysqlpump详细用法可参考：
    http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/p/5684903.html
    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlpump.html

**总结：**

本篇文章介绍了三种导出数据库用户信息的方案，每种方案都给出了脚本并进行演示。同时 这三种方案稍加以封装都可以作为备份数据库用户权限的脚本。可能你还有其他方案，如：pt-show-grants等，欢迎分享出来哦，也欢迎大家收藏或者改造成更适合自己的脚本，说不定什么时候就会用到哦 特别是一个实例有好多用户时，你会发现脚本更好用哈。

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[image]: /images/20220215/79ce895fdd554e6f96fa548de91c8110.png