ARTS Review7 编写可测试代码

r囧r小猫 2022-02-05 01:45 136阅读 0赞

原文链接：[https://medium.com/feedzaitech/writing-testable-code-b3201d4538eb][https_medium.com_feedzaitech_writing-testable-code-b3201d4538eb]

这篇文章，作者主要讲了如何编写可测试的代码，一般人不愿意测试，是因为代码之间的耦合度太高，所以我们可以学习编写低耦合的代码，来方便我们开发项目。

编写可测试的代码需要遵循下面的一些原则和指导路线：

`SOLID design principles`

`Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)` 单一职责原则

`Each software module should only have one reason to change`。

`Open/Closed Principle (OCP)`开放关闭原则

`Your classes should be open for extension but closed to modifications`

`Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)`

`Objects of a superclass shall be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without breaking the application`

`Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)`接口隔离原则

`No client should be forced to depend on methods it does not use.`

`Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)`依赖倒置原则

`High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules; both should depend on abstractions.`

`Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend upon abstractions.`

`Law of Demeter (LoD)`

`Each unit should have only limited knowledge about other units: only units “closely” related to the current unit.`

`Each unit should only talk to its friends; don’t talk to strangers. Only talk to your immediate friends`

指导途经：

1.  确保您的代码有接缝
2.  不要把对象的创建与应用程序的逻辑混合在一起
3.  使用依赖注入
4.  不要使用全局状态
5.  避免使用静态方法
6.  组合优先于继承

之所以作者说有的不好测试，是因为代码的耦合度太高，牵一发而动全身，所以对于架构的设计和模块化的设计都很重要，尽量降低耦合度，这样不至于有牵一发而动全身的事情发生。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTI5MzQzMjU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

[https_medium.com_feedzaitech_writing-testable-code-b3201d4538eb]: https://medium.com/feedzaitech/writing-testable-code-b3201d4538eb
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTI5MzQzMjU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220205/da9ec0c3de5a4f0f9e302ed0026383ea.png