[转]VB.NET and C# Comparison VB.NET and C# 语法比较手册

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2022-02-02 07:06 165阅读 0赞

[http://www.harding.edu/fmccown/vbnet\_csharp\_comparison.html][http_www.harding.edu_fmccown_vbnet_csharp_comparison.html]

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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Program Structure </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Imports System&nbsp; Namespace Hello &nbsp;&nbsp; Class HelloWorld&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Overloads Shared Sub&nbsp;Main(ByVal args() As String)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dim name As String = "VB.NET"&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'See if an argument was passed&nbsp;from the command line &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;If args.Length = 1 Then name = args(0)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Hello, " &amp; name &amp; "!")&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; End Sub&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; End Class&nbsp; End Namespace </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> using System;&nbsp; namespace Hello { &nbsp;&nbsp; public class HelloWorld { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; public static void&nbsp;Main(string[] args) { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; string name = "C#"; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// See if an argument was passed from the command line &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if (args.Length == 1) &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; name = args[0]; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Hello, " + name + "!"); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } &nbsp;&nbsp; } } </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Comments </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> ' Single line only REM&nbsp;Single line only ''' &lt;summary&gt;XML comments&lt;/summary&gt; </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> // Single line /* Multiple &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; line&nbsp; */ /// &lt;summary&gt;XML comments on single line&lt;/summary&gt; /** &lt;summary&gt;XML comments on multiple lines&lt;/summary&gt; */ </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Data Types </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Value Types Boolean Byte, SByte Char Short, UShort, Integer, UInteger, Long, ULong Single, Double Decimal Date &nbsp;&nbsp;(alias of System.DateTime) Reference Types Object String Initializing Dim correct As Boolean = True Dim b As Byte = &amp;H2A &nbsp;&nbsp;'hex or &amp;O52 for octal Dim person As Object = Nothing Dim name As String = "Dwight" Dim grade As Char = "B"c Dim today As Date = #12/31/2007 12:15:00 PM# Dim amount As Decimal = 35.99@ Dim gpa As Single = 2.9! Dim pi As Double = 3.14159265 Dim lTotal As Long = 123456L Dim sTotal As Short = 123S Dim usTotal As UShort = 123US Dim uiTotal As UInteger = 123UI Dim ulTotal As ULong = 123UL Implicitly Typed Local Variables Dim s = "Hello!" Dim nums = New Integer() {1, 2, 3} Dim hero = New SuperHero With {.Name = "Batman"} Type Information Dim&nbsp;x&nbsp;As&nbsp;Integer&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(x.GetType())&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;'&nbsp;Prints System.Int32&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(GetType(Integer)) &nbsp;&nbsp;' Prints System.Int32&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(TypeName(x))&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' Prints Integer&nbsp; Dim c as New Circle If&nbsp;TypeOf&nbsp;c&nbsp;Is&nbsp;Shape Then _ &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("c is a Shape") Type Conversion / Casting Dim d As Single = 3.5&nbsp; Dim i As Integer =&nbsp;CType(d, Integer)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' set to 4 (Banker's rounding) i =&nbsp;CInt(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;' same result as CType i =&nbsp;Int(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' set to 3 (Int function truncates the decimal)&nbsp; Dim o As Object = 2 i =&nbsp;DirectCast(o, Integer) &nbsp;&nbsp;' Throws InvalidCastException if type cast fails Dim s As New Shape Dim c As Circle =&nbsp;TryCast(s, Circle) &nbsp;&nbsp;' Returns Nothing if type cast fails </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Value Types bool byte, sbyte char short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong float,&nbsp;double decimal DateTime&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(not a built-in C#&nbsp;type) Reference Types object string Initializing bool correct = true; byte b = 0x2A; &nbsp;&nbsp;// hex object person = null; string name = "Dwight"; char grade = 'B'; DateTime today = DateTime.Parse("12/31/2007 12:15:00"); decimal amount = 35.99m; float gpa = 2.9f; double pi = 3.14159265; long lTotal = 123456L; short sTotal = 123; ushort usTotal = 123; uint uiTotal = 123; ulong ulTotal = 123; Implicitly Typed Local Variables var s = "Hello!"; var nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }; var hero = new SuperHero() { Name = "Batman" }; Type Information int x; Console.WriteLine(x.GetType());&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;// Prints System.Int32 Console.WriteLine(typeof(int));&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints System.Int32&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(x.GetType().Name); &nbsp;&nbsp;// prints Int32&nbsp; Circle c = new Circle(); if (c&nbsp;is&nbsp;Shape) &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("c is a Shape"); Type Conversion / Casting&nbsp; float d = 3.5f;&nbsp; i =&nbsp;Convert.ToInt32(d); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Set to 4 (rounds)&nbsp; int i =&nbsp;(int)d; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// set to 3 (truncates decimal)&nbsp; object o = 2; int i = (int)o; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Throws InvalidCastException if type cast fails Shape s = new Shape(); Circle c = s&nbsp;as&nbsp;Circle; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Returns null if type cast fails </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Constants </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Const&nbsp;MAX_STUDENTS&nbsp;As&nbsp;Integer = 25 ' Can set to a const or&nbsp;var; may be initialized in a constructor ReadOnly&nbsp;MIN_DIAMETER&nbsp;As&nbsp;Single = 4.93 </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> const&nbsp;int MAX_STUDENTS = 25; // Can set to a const or var; may be initialized in a constructor&nbsp; readonly&nbsp;float MIN_DIAMETER = 4.93f; </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Enumerations </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Enum&nbsp;Action&nbsp; &nbsp; Start&nbsp; &nbsp; [Stop]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Stop&nbsp;is a reserved word &nbsp; Rewind&nbsp; &nbsp; Forward&nbsp; End Enum&nbsp; Enum&nbsp;Status&nbsp; &nbsp; Flunk = 50&nbsp; &nbsp; Pass = 70&nbsp; &nbsp; Excel = 90&nbsp; End Enum Dim a As Action = Action.Stop&nbsp; If a &lt;&gt; Action.Start Then _&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Console.WriteLine(a.ToString &amp; " is " &amp; a)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' Prints "Stop is 1"&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;' Prints 70&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass.ToString())&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;' Prints Pass </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> enum&nbsp;Action {Start, Stop, Rewind, Forward}; enum&nbsp;Status {Flunk = 50, Pass = 70, Excel = 90}; Action a = Action.Stop; if (a != Action.Start) &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(a + " is " + (int) a);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints "Stop is 1" Console.WriteLine((int) Status.Pass);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints 70&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass);&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints Pass </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Operators </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Comparison =&nbsp; &lt;&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; &lt;=&nbsp; &gt;=&nbsp; &lt;&gt; Arithmetic +&nbsp; -&nbsp; *&nbsp; / Mod \&nbsp;&nbsp;(integer division) ^&nbsp;&nbsp;(raise to a power) Assignment =&nbsp; +=&nbsp; -=&nbsp; *=&nbsp; /=&nbsp; \= &nbsp;^=&nbsp; &lt;&lt;= &nbsp;&gt;&gt;=&nbsp; &amp;= Bitwise And &nbsp; Or &nbsp; Xor &nbsp; Not &nbsp; &lt;&lt; &nbsp; &gt;&gt; Logical AndAlso &nbsp; OrElse &nbsp; And &nbsp; Or &nbsp; Xor &nbsp; Not Note:&nbsp;AndAlso and OrElse perform short-circuit logical evaluations String Concatenation &amp; </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Comparison ==&nbsp; &lt;&nbsp; &gt;&nbsp; &lt;=&nbsp; &gt;=&nbsp; != Arithmetic +&nbsp; -&nbsp; *&nbsp; / %&nbsp;&nbsp;(mod) /&nbsp;&nbsp;(integer division if both operands are ints) Math.Pow(x, y) Assignment =&nbsp; +=&nbsp; -= &nbsp;*=&nbsp; /= &nbsp; %=&nbsp; &amp;=&nbsp; |=&nbsp; ^=&nbsp; &lt;&lt;=&nbsp; &gt;&gt;=&nbsp; ++&nbsp; -- Bitwise &amp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; ^ &nbsp; ~ &nbsp; &lt;&lt; &nbsp; &gt;&gt; Logical &amp;&amp; &nbsp; || &nbsp; &amp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; ^ &nbsp; ! Note:&nbsp;&amp;&amp; and&nbsp;||&nbsp;perform short-circuit logical evaluations String Concatenation + </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Choices </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> ' Ternary/Conditional operator (Iff evaluates 2nd and 3rd expressions) greeting =&nbsp;If(age &lt; 20, "What's up?", "Hello") ' One line doesn't require "End If" If&nbsp;age &lt; 20&nbsp;Then&nbsp;greeting = "What's up?"&nbsp; If&nbsp;age &lt; 20&nbsp;Then&nbsp;greeting = "What's up?"&nbsp;Elsegreeting = "Hello" ' Use : to put two commands on same line If&nbsp;x &lt;&gt; 100 AndAlso y &lt; 5&nbsp;Then&nbsp;x *= 5&nbsp;:&nbsp;y *= 2&nbsp;&nbsp; ' Preferred If&nbsp;x &lt;&gt; 100 AndAlso y &lt; 5&nbsp;Then &nbsp; x *= 5&nbsp; &nbsp; y *= 2 End If ' To break up any long single line use _ If&nbsp;whenYouHaveAReally &lt; longLine And _&nbsp; &nbsp; itNeedsToBeBrokenInto2&nbsp;&gt; Lines&nbsp;Then&nbsp;_ &nbsp; UseTheUnderscore(charToBreakItUp) 'If&nbsp;x &gt; 5&nbsp;Then&nbsp; &nbsp; x *= y&nbsp; ElseIf&nbsp;x = 5 OrElse y Mod 2 = 0&nbsp;Then&nbsp; &nbsp; x += y&nbsp; ElseIf&nbsp;x &lt; 10&nbsp;Then&nbsp; &nbsp; x -= y&nbsp; Else&nbsp; &nbsp; x /= y&nbsp; End If Select Case&nbsp;color&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Must be a primitive data type &nbsp;&nbsp;Case&nbsp;"pink", "red" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; r += 1&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Case&nbsp;"blue"&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b += 1&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Case&nbsp;"green"&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; g += 1&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Case Else&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; other += 1&nbsp; End Select </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> // Ternary/Conditional operator greeting = age &lt; 20&nbsp;?&nbsp;"What's up?"&nbsp;:&nbsp;"Hello"; if&nbsp;(age &lt; 20) &nbsp; greeting = "What's up?"; else &nbsp; greeting = "Hello"; // Multiple statements must be enclosed in {} if&nbsp;(x != 100 &amp;&amp; y &lt; 5) {&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; x *= 5; &nbsp; y *= 2; } &nbsp; No need for _ or : since ; is used to terminate each statement. if&nbsp;(x &gt; 5)&nbsp; &nbsp; x *= y;&nbsp; else&nbsp;if (x == 5 || y % 2 == 0)&nbsp; &nbsp; x += y;&nbsp; else&nbsp;if (x &lt; 10)&nbsp; &nbsp; x -= y;&nbsp; else&nbsp; &nbsp; x /= y; // Every case must end with break or goto case&nbsp; switch&nbsp;(color)&nbsp;{&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Must be integer or string &nbsp;&nbsp;case&nbsp;"pink": &nbsp;&nbsp;case&nbsp;"red":&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; r++;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;break;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;case&nbsp;"blue":&nbsp;&nbsp; b++;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;break; &nbsp;&nbsp;case&nbsp;"green": g++;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;break; &nbsp;&nbsp;default:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; other++;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;break;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// break necessary on default } </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Loops </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td colspan="2" style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Pre-test Loops: </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:143px;"> While&nbsp;c &lt; 10&nbsp; &nbsp; c += 1&nbsp; End While </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:143px;"> Do Until&nbsp;c = 10&nbsp; &nbsp; c&nbsp;+= 1&nbsp; Loop </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Do While&nbsp;c &lt; 10&nbsp; &nbsp; c += 1&nbsp; Loop </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> For&nbsp;c = 2&nbsp;To&nbsp;10&nbsp;Step&nbsp;2&nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(c)&nbsp; Next </td> 
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 <td colspan="2" style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Post-test Loops: </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Do&nbsp; &nbsp; c += 1&nbsp; Loop While&nbsp;c &lt; 10 </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Do&nbsp; &nbsp; c += 1&nbsp; Loop Until&nbsp;c = 10 </td> 
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 </table>'&nbsp; Array or collection looping Dim names As String() = {"Fred", "Sue", "Barney"}&nbsp; For Each&nbsp;s As String&nbsp;In&nbsp;names&nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(s)&nbsp; Next ' Breaking out of loops Dim i As Integer = 0 While (True) &nbsp; If (i = 5) Then&nbsp;Exit While &nbsp; i += 1 End While&nbsp; ' Continue to next iteration For i = 0 To 4 &nbsp; If i &lt; 4 Then&nbsp;Continue For &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(i) &nbsp;&nbsp;' Only prints 4 Next </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Pre-test Loops:&nbsp;&nbsp; // no "until" keyword while&nbsp;(c &lt; 10)&nbsp; &nbsp; c++; for&nbsp;(c = 2; c &lt;= 10; c += 2)&nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(c); Post-test Loop: do&nbsp; &nbsp; c++;&nbsp; while&nbsp;(c &lt; 10); // Array or collection looping string[] names = {"Fred", "Sue", "Barney"}; foreach&nbsp;(string s&nbsp;in&nbsp;names) &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(s); // Breaking out of loops int i = 0; while (true) { &nbsp; if (i == 5) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;break; &nbsp; i++; } // Continue to next iteration for (i = 0; i &lt;= 4; i++) { &nbsp; if (i &lt; 4) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;continue; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(i); &nbsp;&nbsp;// Only prints 4 } </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Arrays </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Dim nums()&nbsp;As Integer = {1, 2, 3}&nbsp; For i As Integer = 0 To nums.Length - 1&nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(nums(i))&nbsp; Next&nbsp; ' 4 is the index of the last element, so it holds 5 elements Dim names(4) As String&nbsp; names(0) = "David" names(5) = "Bobby"&nbsp;&nbsp;' Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException&nbsp; ' Resize the array, keeping the existing values (Preserve is optional) ReDim Preserve&nbsp;names(6) Dim twoD(rows-1, cols-1) As Single&nbsp; twoD(2, 0) = 4.5 Dim jagged()()&nbsp;As Integer = { _&nbsp; &nbsp; New Integer(4) {}, New Integer(1) {}, New Integer(2) {} }&nbsp; jagged(0)(4) = 5 </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> int[]&nbsp;nums = {1, 2, 3}; for (int i = 0; i &lt; nums.Length; i++) &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(nums[i]); // 5 is the size of the array string[] names = new string[5]; names[0] = "David"; names[5] = "Bobby";&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException&nbsp; // C# can't dynamically resize an array.&nbsp; Just copy into new array. string[] names2 = new string[7];&nbsp; Array.Copy(names, names2, names.Length);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// or names.CopyTo(names2, 0);&nbsp; float[,]&nbsp;twoD = new float[rows, cols]; twoD[2,0] = 4.5f;&nbsp; int[][]&nbsp;jagged = new int[3][] {&nbsp; &nbsp; new int[5], new int[2], new int[3] }; jagged[0][4] = 5; </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Functions </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> ' Pass by value (in, default), reference (in/out), and&nbsp;reference (out)&nbsp;&nbsp; Sub&nbsp;TestFunc(ByVal&nbsp;x As Integer,&nbsp;ByRef&nbsp;y As Integer,&nbsp;ByRef&nbsp;z As Integer) &nbsp; x += 1 &nbsp; y += 1&nbsp; &nbsp; z = 5&nbsp; End Sub Dim a = 1, b = 1, c As Integer&nbsp; &nbsp;' c&nbsp;set to zero by default&nbsp;&nbsp; TestFunc(a, b, c)&nbsp; Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' 1&nbsp;2 5 ' Accept variable number of arguments&nbsp; Function&nbsp;Sum(ByVal&nbsp;ParamArray&nbsp;nums&nbsp;AsInteger()) As Integer&nbsp; &nbsp; Sum = 0&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; For Each i As Integer In nums&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sum += i&nbsp; &nbsp; Next&nbsp; End Function&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Or use Return statement like C# Dim total As Integer = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' returns 10 ' Optional parameters must be&nbsp;listed last&nbsp;and must have a default value&nbsp; Sub&nbsp;SayHello(ByVal name As String,&nbsp;OptionalByVal prefix As String = "") &nbsp;&nbsp;Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " &amp; prefix &amp; " " &amp; name)&nbsp; End Sub SayHello("Strangelove", "Dr.") SayHello("Mom") </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> // Pass by value (in, default), reference (in/out), and&nbsp;reference (out) void TestFunc(int x,&nbsp;ref&nbsp;int y,&nbsp;out&nbsp;int z) { &nbsp; x++;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; y++; &nbsp; z = 5; } int a = 1, b = 1, c;&nbsp;&nbsp;// c doesn't need initializing TestFunc(a,&nbsp;ref&nbsp;b,&nbsp;out&nbsp;c); Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c);&nbsp;&nbsp;// 1 2 5 // Accept variable number of arguments int Sum(params&nbsp;int[] nums) { &nbsp; int sum = 0; &nbsp; foreach (int i in nums) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sum += i; &nbsp; return sum; } int total = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// returns 10 /* C# 4.0 supports optional parameters. Previous versions required function overloading. */&nbsp;&nbsp; void SayHello(string name, string prefix = "") { &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " + prefix + " " + name); }&nbsp; SayHello("Strangelove", "Dr."); SayHello("Mom"); </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Strings </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Special character constants (all also accessible from ControlChars class) vbCrLf, vbCr, vbLf, vbNewLine&nbsp; vbNullString&nbsp; vbTab&nbsp; vbBack&nbsp; vbFormFeed&nbsp; vbVerticalTab "" ' String concatenation (use &amp; or +)&nbsp; Dim school As String = "Harding"&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;vbTab school = school &amp; "University"&nbsp;' school is "Harding (tab) University" ' Chars Dim letter As&nbsp;Char&nbsp;= school.Chars(0)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' letter is H&nbsp; letter = "Z"c &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' letter is Z&nbsp; letter = Convert.ToChar(65)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;' letter is A letter =&nbsp;Chr(65)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' same thing&nbsp; Dim word() As Char = school.ToCharArray()&nbsp;' word holds Harding ' No string literal operator&nbsp; Dim msg As String = "File is c:\temp\x.dat"&nbsp; ' String comparison Dim mascot As String = "Bisons" If (mascot = "Bisons") Then&nbsp; &nbsp;' true If (mascot.Equals("Bisons")) Then&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' true If (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS"))&nbsp;Then &nbsp;' true If (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") = 0) Then&nbsp; &nbsp;' true ' String matching with Like - Regex is more powerful If ("John 3:16"&nbsp;Like&nbsp;"Jo[Hh]? #:*") Then &nbsp;&nbsp;'true ' Substring s = mascot.Substring(2, 3))&nbsp;' s is "son" ' Replacement s = mascot.Replace("sons", "nomial"))&nbsp;' s is "Binomial" ' Split Dim names As String = "Michael,Dwight,Jim,Pam" Dim parts() As String = names.Split(",".ToCharArray()) &nbsp;&nbsp;' One name in each slot ' Date to string Dim dt As New DateTime(1973, 10, 12) Dim s As String = "My birthday: " &amp; dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy") &nbsp;&nbsp;' Oct 12, 1973 ' Integer to String Dim x As Integer = 2 Dim y As String = x.ToString() &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' y is "2" ' String to Integer Dim x As Integer = Convert.ToInt32("-5") &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' x is -5 ' Mutable string&nbsp; Dim buffer As New System.Text.StringBuilder("two ") buffer.Append("three ") buffer.Insert(0, "one ") buffer.Replace("two", "TWO") Console.WriteLine(buffer)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Prints "one TWO three" </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Escape sequences \r &nbsp; &nbsp;// carriage-return \n &nbsp; &nbsp;// line-feed \t &nbsp; &nbsp;// tab \\ &nbsp; &nbsp;// backslash \" &nbsp; &nbsp;// quote&nbsp; // String concatenation string&nbsp;school = "Harding\t";&nbsp; school = school + "University";&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// school is "Harding (tab) University" // Chars char&nbsp;letter = school[0];&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// letter is H&nbsp; letter = 'Z'; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// letter is Z&nbsp; letter = Convert.ToChar(65); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// letter is A&nbsp; letter =&nbsp;(char)65;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// same thing&nbsp; char[]&nbsp;word = school.ToCharArray();&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// word holds Harding // String literal&nbsp; string msg =&nbsp;@"File is c:\temp\x.dat";&nbsp; // same as&nbsp; string msg = "File is c:\\temp\\x.dat"; // String comparison string&nbsp;mascot = "Bisons";&nbsp; if (mascot == "Bisons")&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// true if (mascot.Equals("Bisons"))&nbsp; &nbsp;// true if (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS"))&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// true if (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") == 0)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// true // String matching - No Like equivalent, use Regex // Substring s = mascot.Substring(2, 3)) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// s is "son" // Replacement s = mascot.Replace("sons", "nomial")) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// s is "Binomial" // Split string names = "Michael,Dwight,Jim,Pam"; string[] parts = names.Split(",".ToCharArray()); &nbsp;// One name in each slot // Date to string DateTime dt = new DateTime(1973, 10, 12); string s = dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy"); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Oct 12, 1973 // int to string int x = 2; string y = x.ToString(); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// y is "2" // string to int int x = Convert.ToInt32("-5"); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// x is -5 // Mutable string&nbsp; System.Text.StringBuilder&nbsp;buffer = new System.Text.StringBuilder("two ");&nbsp; buffer.Append("three ");&nbsp; buffer.Insert(0, "one ");&nbsp; buffer.Replace("two", "TWO");&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(buffer);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints "one TWO three" </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> VB.NET </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> Regular Expressions </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions ' Match a string pattern Dim r As New&nbsp;Regex("j[aeiou]h?. \d:*", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase Or _ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; RegexOptions.Compiled) If (r.Match("John 3:16").Success) Then &nbsp;&nbsp;'true &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Match") End If ' Find and remember all matching patterns Dim s As String = "My number is 305-1881, not 305-1818." Dim r As New Regex("(\d+-\d+)") Dim m As&nbsp;Match&nbsp;= r.Match(s) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' Matches 305-1881 and 305-1818 While m.Success &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Found number: " &amp; m.Groups(1).Value &amp; " at position " _ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &amp; m.Groups(1).Index.ToString) &nbsp; &nbsp; m = m.NextMatch()&nbsp; End While ' Remeber multiple parts of matched pattern Dim r As New Regex("(\d\d):(\d\d) (am|pm)") Dim m As Match = r.Match("We left at 03:15 pm.") If m.Success Then &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Hour: " &amp; m.Groups(1).ToString) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 03 &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Min: " &amp; m.Groups(2).ToString) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 15 &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Ending: " &amp; m.Groups(3).ToString) &nbsp;&nbsp;' pm End If ' Replace all occurrances of a pattern Dim r As New Regex("h\w+?d", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase) Dim s As String = r.Replace("I heard this was HARD!", "easy") &nbsp;&nbsp;' I easy this was easy! ' Replace matched patterns Dim s As String = Regex.Replace("123 &lt; 456", "(\d+) . (\d+)", "$2 &gt; $1") &nbsp;&nbsp;' 456 &gt; 123 ' Split a string based on a pattern Dim names As String = "Michael, Dwight, Jim, Pam" Dim r As New Regex(",\s*") Dim parts() As String = r.Split(names) &nbsp;&nbsp;' One name in each slot </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> using System.Text.RegularExpressions; // Match a string pattern&nbsp; Regex&nbsp;r = new&nbsp;Regex(@"j[aeiou]h?. \d:*", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; RegexOptions.Compiled); if (r.Match("John 3:16").Success) &nbsp;&nbsp;// true &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Match"); // Find and remember all matching patterns string s = "My number is 305-1881, not 305-1818."; Regex r = new Regex("(\\d+-\\d+)"); // Matches 305-1881 and 305-1818 for (Match&nbsp;m = r.Match(s); m.Success; m = m.NextMatch())&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Found number: " + m.Groups[1] + " at position " +&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; m.Groups[1].Index); // Remeber multiple parts of matched pattern Regex r = new Regex("@(\d\d):(\d\d) (am|pm)"); Match m = r.Match("We left at 03:15 pm."); if (m.Success) { &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Hour: " + m.Groups[1]); &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// 03&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Min: " + m.Groups[2]); &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// 15&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Ending: " + m.Groups[3]); &nbsp;// pm&nbsp; } // Replace all occurrances of a pattern Regex r = new Regex("h\\w+?d", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase); string s = r.Replace("I heard this was HARD!", "easy")); &nbsp;&nbsp;// I easy this was easy! // Replace matched patterns string s = Regex.Replace("123 &lt; 456", @"(\d+) . (\d+)", "$2 &gt; $1"); &nbsp;&nbsp;// 456 &gt; 123 // Split a string based on a pattern string names = "Michael, Dwight, Jim, Pam"; Regex r = new Regex(@",\s*"); string[] parts = r.Split(names); &nbsp;&nbsp;// One name in each slot </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Exception Handling </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> ' Throw an exception Dim ex As New Exception("Something is really wrong.")&nbsp; Throw&nbsp;&nbsp;ex&nbsp; ' Catch an exception Try&nbsp; &nbsp; y = 0 &nbsp; x = 10 / y Catch&nbsp;ex As Exception&nbsp;When&nbsp;y = 0&nbsp;' Argument and When is optional &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)&nbsp; Finally&nbsp; &nbsp; Beep()&nbsp; End Try ' Deprecated unstructured error handling On&nbsp;Error&nbsp;GoTo&nbsp;MyErrorHandler ... MyErrorHandler: Console.WriteLine(Err.Description) </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> // Throw an exception Exception up = new Exception("Something is really wrong.");&nbsp; throw&nbsp;up;&nbsp;&nbsp;// ha ha // Catch an exception try&nbsp;{&nbsp; &nbsp; y = 0;&nbsp; &nbsp; x = 10 / y;&nbsp; }&nbsp; catch&nbsp;(Exception ex) {&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Argument is optional, no "When" keyword&nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);&nbsp; }&nbsp; finally&nbsp;{&nbsp; &nbsp; Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.Beep();&nbsp; } </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> VB.NET </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Namespaces </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Namespace&nbsp;Harding.Compsci.Graphics&nbsp; &nbsp; ... End Namespace ' or Namespace&nbsp;Harding&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Namespace&nbsp;Compsci&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Namespace&nbsp;Graphics&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;End Namespace&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;End Namespace&nbsp; End Namespace Imports&nbsp;Harding.Compsci.Graphics </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> namespace&nbsp;Harding.Compsci.Graphics { &nbsp; ... } // or namespace&nbsp;Harding { &nbsp;&nbsp;namespace&nbsp;Compsci { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;namespace&nbsp;Graphics { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ... &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } &nbsp; } } using&nbsp;Harding.Compsci.Graphics; </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Classes / Interfaces </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Access Modifiers&nbsp; Public Private Friend Protected Protected Friend Class Modifiers MustInherit NotInheritable Method Modifiers&nbsp; MustOverride NotInheritable Shared Overridable ' All members are Shared Module ' Partial classes Partial Class&nbsp;Competition &nbsp; ... End Class&nbsp; ' Inheritance Class&nbsp;FootballGame &nbsp;&nbsp;Inherits&nbsp;Competition &nbsp; ... End Class&nbsp; ' Interface definition Interface&nbsp;IAlarmClock&nbsp; &nbsp; ... End Interface // Extending an interface&nbsp; Interface&nbsp;IAlarmClock&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Inherits&nbsp;IClock &nbsp; ... End Interface // Interface implementation Class&nbsp;WristWatch&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Implements&nbsp;IAlarmClock, ITimer&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; ... End Class&nbsp; </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Access Modifiers&nbsp; public private internal protected protected internal Class Modifiers&nbsp; abstract sealed static Method Modifiers&nbsp; abstract sealed static virtual No Module equivalent - just use static class // Partial classes partial&nbsp;class Competition { &nbsp; ... } // Inheritance class&nbsp;FootballGame&nbsp;:&nbsp;Competition { &nbsp; ... } // Interface definition interface&nbsp;IAlarmClock { &nbsp; ... } // Extending an interface&nbsp; interface&nbsp;IAlarmClock&nbsp;:&nbsp;IClock { &nbsp; ... } // Interface implementation class&nbsp;WristWatch&nbsp;:&nbsp;IAlarmClock, ITimer { &nbsp;&nbsp; ... } </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Constructors / Destructors </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Class&nbsp;SuperHero &nbsp; Private powerLevel As Integer&nbsp; &nbsp; Public Sub&nbsp;New()&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; powerLevel = 0&nbsp; &nbsp; End Sub&nbsp; &nbsp; Public Sub&nbsp;New(ByVal powerLevel As Integer)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Me.powerLevel = powerLevel&nbsp; &nbsp; End Sub &nbsp; Shared Sub&nbsp;New() &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' Shared constructor invoked before 1st instance is created &nbsp; End Sub &nbsp; Protected Overrides Sub&nbsp;Finalize()&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Destructor to free unmanaged resources&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MyBase.Finalize()&nbsp; &nbsp; End Sub End Class </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> class&nbsp;SuperHero { &nbsp; private int powerLevel; &nbsp; public SuperHero() { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;powerLevel = 0; &nbsp; } &nbsp; public SuperHero(int powerLevel) { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; this.powerLevel = powerLevel;&nbsp; &nbsp; } &nbsp; static SuperHero() { &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Static constructor invoked before 1st instance is created &nbsp; } &nbsp;&nbsp;~SuperHero() { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Destructor implicitly creates a Finalize method &nbsp; } } </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Using Objects </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Dim hero As SuperHero = New SuperHero ' or Dim hero As New SuperHero With&nbsp;hero&nbsp; &nbsp; .Name = "SpamMan"&nbsp; &nbsp; .PowerLevel = 3&nbsp; End With hero.Defend("Laura Jones")&nbsp; hero.Rest()&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Calling Shared method ' or SuperHero.Rest() Dim hero2 As SuperHero = hero&nbsp;&nbsp;' Both reference the same object&nbsp; hero2.Name = "WormWoman"&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(hero.Name)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Prints WormWoman hero =&nbsp;Nothing&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Free the object If hero&nbsp;Is&nbsp;Nothing&nbsp;Then _&nbsp; &nbsp; hero = New SuperHero Dim obj As Object = New SuperHero&nbsp; If&nbsp;TypeOf&nbsp;obj&nbsp;Is&nbsp;SuperHero Then _ &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object.") ' Mark object for quick disposal Using&nbsp;reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText("test.txt") &nbsp; Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine() &nbsp; While Not line Is Nothing &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(line) &nbsp; &nbsp; line = reader.ReadLine() &nbsp; End While End Using </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> SuperHero hero = new SuperHero();&nbsp; // No "With" construct hero.Name = "SpamMan";&nbsp; hero.PowerLevel = 3;&nbsp; hero.Defend("Laura Jones"); SuperHero.Rest();&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Calling static method SuperHero hero2 = hero;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Both reference the same object&nbsp; hero2.Name = "WormWoman";&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(hero.Name);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints WormWoman hero =&nbsp;null&nbsp;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Free the object if (hero ==&nbsp;null) &nbsp; hero = new SuperHero(); Object obj = new SuperHero();&nbsp; if (obj&nbsp;is&nbsp;SuperHero)&nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object."); // Mark object for quick disposal using&nbsp;(StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("test.txt")) { &nbsp; string line; &nbsp; while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null) &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(line); } </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Structs </td> 
 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:113px;"> C# </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> Structure&nbsp;StudentRecord&nbsp; &nbsp; Public name As String&nbsp; &nbsp; Public gpa As Single&nbsp; &nbsp; Public Sub New(ByVal name As String, ByVal gpa As Single)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Me.name = name&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Me.gpa = gpa&nbsp; &nbsp; End Sub&nbsp; End Structure Dim stu As StudentRecord = New StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5)&nbsp; Dim stu2 As StudentRecord = stu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; stu2.name = "Sue"&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(stu.name)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;' Prints Bob&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(stu2.name) &nbsp;' Prints Sue </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> struct&nbsp;StudentRecord { &nbsp; public string name; &nbsp; public float gpa; &nbsp; public StudentRecord(string name, float gpa) { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; this.name = name; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; this.gpa = gpa; &nbsp; } } StudentRecord stu = new StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5f); StudentRecord stu2 = stu;&nbsp;&nbsp; stu2.name = "Sue"; Console.WriteLine(stu.name);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints Bob Console.WriteLine(stu2.name);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints Sue </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Properties </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> ' Auto-implemented properties are new to VB10 Public&nbsp;Property&nbsp;Name As String Public&nbsp;Property&nbsp;Size As Integer = -1 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' Default value, Get and Set both Public ' Traditional property implementation Private mName As String Public&nbsp;Property&nbsp;Name() As String &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Get &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Return mName &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;End Get &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Set(ByVal value As String) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mName = value &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;End Set End Property ' Read-only property Private mPowerLevel As Integer Public&nbsp;ReadOnly&nbsp;Property PowerLevel() As Integer &nbsp; &nbsp; Get &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Return mPowerLevel &nbsp; &nbsp; End Get End Property ' Write-only property Private mHeight As Double Public&nbsp;WriteOnly&nbsp;Property Height() As Double &nbsp; &nbsp; Set(ByVal value As Double) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mHeight = If(value &lt; 0, mHeight = 0, mHeight = value) &nbsp; &nbsp; End Set End Property </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> // Auto-implemented properties public string Name {&nbsp;get; set;&nbsp;} public int Size {&nbsp;get;&nbsp;protected&nbsp;set;&nbsp;} &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Set default value in constructor // Traditional property implementation private string name; public string Name { &nbsp;&nbsp;get&nbsp;{ &nbsp; &nbsp; return name; &nbsp; } &nbsp;&nbsp;set&nbsp;{ &nbsp; &nbsp; name = value; &nbsp; } } // Read-only property private int powerLevel; public int PowerLevel { &nbsp;&nbsp;get&nbsp;{ &nbsp; &nbsp; return powerLevel; &nbsp; } } // Write-only property private double height; public double Height { &nbsp;&nbsp;set&nbsp;{ &nbsp; &nbsp; height = value &lt; 0 ? 0 : value; &nbsp; } } </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Delegates / Events </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> Delegate&nbsp;Sub MsgArrivedEventHandler(ByVal message As String) Event&nbsp;MsgArrivedEvent As MsgArrivedEventHandler ' or to define an event which declares a delegate implicitly Event&nbsp;MsgArrivedEvent(ByVal message As String) AddHandler&nbsp;MsgArrivedEvent,&nbsp;AddressOfMy_MsgArrivedCallback&nbsp; ' Won't throw an exception if obj is Nothing RaiseEvent&nbsp;MsgArrivedEvent("Test message")&nbsp; RemoveHandler&nbsp;MsgArrivedEvent,&nbsp;AddressOfMy_MsgArrivedCallback Imports System.Windows.Forms Dim&nbsp;WithEvents&nbsp;MyButton As Button&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' WithEvents can't be used on local variable MyButton = New Button Private Sub MyButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _ &nbsp; ByVal e As System.EventArgs)&nbsp;HandlesMyButton.Click&nbsp; &nbsp; MessageBox.Show(Me, "Button was clicked", "Info", _ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)&nbsp; End Sub </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> delegate&nbsp;void MsgArrivedEventHandler(string message); event&nbsp;MsgArrivedEventHandler MsgArrivedEvent; // Delegates must be used with events in C# MsgArrivedEvent&nbsp;+=&nbsp;new MsgArrivedEventHandler(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback); MsgArrivedEvent("Test message");&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Throws exception if obj is null MsgArrivedEvent&nbsp;-=&nbsp;new MsgArrivedEventHandler(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback); using System.Windows.Forms; Button MyButton = new Button();&nbsp; MyButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(MyButton_Click); private void MyButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) {&nbsp; &nbsp; MessageBox.Show(this, "Button was clicked", "Info",&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);&nbsp; } </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> ' Enforce accepted data type at compile-time&nbsp; Dim numbers As New List(Of Integer) numbers.Add(2) numbers.Add(4) DisplayList(Of Integer)(numbers) ' Subroutine can display any type of List&nbsp; Sub DisplayList(Of T)(ByVal list As List(Of T)) &nbsp; &nbsp; For Each item As&nbsp;T&nbsp;In list &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(item) &nbsp; &nbsp; Next End Sub ' Class works on any data type&nbsp; Class SillyList(Of T) &nbsp; &nbsp; Private list(10) As&nbsp;T &nbsp; &nbsp; Private rand As New Random &nbsp; &nbsp; Public Sub Add(ByVal item As&nbsp;T) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; list(rand.Next(10)) = item &nbsp; &nbsp; End Sub &nbsp; &nbsp; Public Function GetItem() As&nbsp;T &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Return list(rand.Next(10)) &nbsp; &nbsp; End Function End Class ' Limit T to only types that implement IComparable Function Maximum(Of T As IComparable)(ByVal ParamArray items As&nbsp;T()) As&nbsp;T &nbsp; &nbsp; Dim max As&nbsp;T&nbsp;= items(0) &nbsp; &nbsp; For Each item As&nbsp;T&nbsp;In items &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; If item.CompareTo(max) &gt; 0 Then max = item &nbsp; &nbsp; Next &nbsp; &nbsp; Return max End Function </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> // Enforce accepted data type at compile-time&nbsp; List&lt;int&gt;&nbsp;numbers = new List&lt;int&gt;(); numbers.Add(2); numbers.Add(4); DisplayList&lt;int&gt;(numbers); // Function can display any type of List&nbsp; void DisplayList&lt;T&gt;(List&lt;T&gt;&nbsp;list) { &nbsp; &nbsp; foreach (T&nbsp;item in list) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(item); } // Class works on any data type&nbsp; class SillyList&lt;T&gt;&nbsp;{ &nbsp; &nbsp; private&nbsp;T[] list = new&nbsp;T[10]; &nbsp; &nbsp; private Random rand = new Random(); &nbsp; &nbsp; public void Add(T&nbsp;item) { &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; list[rand.Next(10)] = item; &nbsp; &nbsp; } &nbsp; &nbsp; public&nbsp;T&nbsp;GetItem() { &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; return list[rand.Next(10)]; &nbsp; &nbsp; } } // Limit T to only types that implement IComparable T&nbsp;Maximum&lt;T&gt;(params&nbsp;T[] items)&nbsp;where T : IComparable&lt;T&gt;&nbsp;{ &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;T&nbsp;max = items[0]; &nbsp; &nbsp; foreach (T&nbsp;item in items) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; if (item.CompareTo(max) &gt; 0) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; max = item; &nbsp; &nbsp; return max; } </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> Dim nums() As Integer = {5, 8, 2, 1, 6} ' Get all numbers in the array above 4 Dim results =&nbsp;From&nbsp;value&nbsp;In&nbsp;nums &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Where&nbsp;value &gt; 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Select&nbsp;value Console.WriteLine(results.Count()) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 3&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(results.First()) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 5&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(results.Last()) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 6&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(results.Average()) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 6.33333&nbsp; ' Displays 5 8 6&nbsp; For Each n As Integer In results &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.Write(n &amp; " ") Next results = results.Intersect({5, 6, 7}) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 5 6&nbsp; results = results.Concat({5, 1, 5}) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 5 6 5 1 5&nbsp; results = results.Distinct() &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' 5 6 1&nbsp; Dim Students() As Student = { &nbsp; &nbsp; New Student With {.Name = "Bob", .GPA = 3.5}, &nbsp; &nbsp; New Student With {.Name = "Sue", .GPA = 4.0}, &nbsp; &nbsp; New Student With {.Name = "Joe", .GPA = 1.9} }&nbsp; ' Get an ordered list of all students by GPA with GPA &gt;= 3.0 Dim goodStudents =&nbsp;From&nbsp;s&nbsp;In&nbsp;Students &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Where&nbsp;s.GPA &gt;= 3.0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Order By&nbsp;s.GPA&nbsp;Descending &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Select&nbsp;s Console.WriteLine(goodStudents.First.Name) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;' Sue </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;"> int[] nums = { 5, 8, 2, 1, 6 }; // Get all numbers in the array above 4 var results =&nbsp;from&nbsp;value&nbsp;in&nbsp;nums &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;where&nbsp;value &gt; 4 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;select&nbsp;value; Console.WriteLine(results.Count()); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// 3&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(results.First()); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// 5&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(results.Last()); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// 6&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(results.Average()); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// 6.33333&nbsp; // Displays 5 8 6&nbsp; foreach (int n in results) &nbsp; &nbsp; Console.Write(n + " "); results = results.Intersect(new[] {5, 6, 7}); &nbsp; &nbsp;// 5 6&nbsp; results = results.Concat(new[] {5, 1, 5}); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// 5 6 5 1 5&nbsp; results = results.Distinct(); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// 5 6 1 Student[] Students = { &nbsp; &nbsp; new Student{ Name = "Bob", GPA = 3.5 }, &nbsp; &nbsp; new Student{ Name = "Sue", GPA = 4.0 }, &nbsp; &nbsp; new Student{ Name = "Joe", GPA = 1.9 } }; // Get an ordered list of all students by GPA with GPA &gt;= 3.0 var goodStudents =&nbsp;from&nbsp;s&nbsp;in&nbsp;Students &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;where&nbsp;s.GPA &gt;= 3.0 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;orderby&nbsp;s.GPA&nbsp;descending &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;select&nbsp;s; Console.WriteLine(goodStudents.First().Name); &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;// Sue </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>Console I/O </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> Console.Write("What's your name? ")&nbsp; Dim name As String = Console.ReadLine()&nbsp; Console.Write("How old are you? ")&nbsp; Dim age As Integer = Val(Console.ReadLine())&nbsp; Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age)&nbsp;&nbsp; ' or&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(name &amp; " is " &amp; age &amp; " years old.")&nbsp; Dim c As Integer&nbsp; c = Console.Read() &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'&nbsp;Read single char&nbsp; Console.WriteLine(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' Prints 65 if user enters "A" </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> Console.Write("What's your name? "); string name = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("How old are you? "); int age = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age); // or Console.WriteLine(name + " is " + age + " years old."); int c = Console.Read();&nbsp;&nbsp;// Read single char Console.WriteLine(c);&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;// Prints 65 if user enters "A" </td> 
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 <td style="border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:344px;"> <a style="color:rgb(91,157,202);" rel="nofollow"></a>File I/O </td> 
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 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> Imports System.IO ' Write out to text file Dim writer As&nbsp;StreamWriter&nbsp;= File.CreateText("c:\myfile.txt")&nbsp; writer.WriteLine("Out to file.")&nbsp; writer.Close() ' Read all lines from text file Dim reader As&nbsp;StreamReader&nbsp;= File.OpenText("c:\myfile.txt")&nbsp; Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine()&nbsp; While Not line Is Nothing&nbsp; &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(line)&nbsp; &nbsp; line = reader.ReadLine()&nbsp; End While&nbsp; reader.Close() ' Write out to binary file Dim str As String = "Text data"&nbsp; Dim num As Integer = 123&nbsp; Dim binWriter As NewBinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:\myfile.dat"))&nbsp;&nbsp; binWriter.Write(str)&nbsp;&nbsp; binWriter.Write(num)&nbsp; binWriter.Close() ' Read from binary file Dim binReader As NewBinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:\myfile.dat"))&nbsp; str = binReader.ReadString()&nbsp; num = binReader.ReadInt32()&nbsp; binReader.Close() </td> 
 <td style="font-size:12px;border:rgb(212,208,200);border-collapse:collapse;width:288px;"> using System.IO; // Write out to text file StreamWriter&nbsp;writer = File.CreateText("c:\\myfile.txt");&nbsp; writer.WriteLine("Out to file.");&nbsp; writer.Close(); // Read all lines from text file StreamReader&nbsp;reader = File.OpenText("c:\\myfile.txt");&nbsp; string line = reader.ReadLine();&nbsp; while (line != null) { &nbsp; Console.WriteLine(line);&nbsp; &nbsp; line = reader.ReadLine();&nbsp; }&nbsp; reader.Close(); // Write out to binary file string str = "Text data";&nbsp; int num = 123;&nbsp; BinaryWriter&nbsp;binWriter = new BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:\\myfile.dat"));&nbsp; binWriter.Write(str);&nbsp; binWriter.Write(num);&nbsp; binWriter.Close(); // Read from binary file BinaryReader&nbsp;binReader = new BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:\\myfile.dat"));&nbsp; str = binReader.ReadString();&nbsp; num = binReader.ReadInt32();&nbsp; binReader.Close(); </td> 
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本文转自火地晋博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/yelaiju/archive/2010/11/05/1869536.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者

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