GCC -M,-MM,-MMD,-MF,-MT

男娘i 2022-01-30 01:45 238阅读 0赞

GCC的命令参数有很多，下面主要介绍几个M相关的：

\-M  
生成文件关联的信息。包含目标文件所依赖的所有源代码,下面是测试log：

jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ vim test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -M test.c  
test.o: test.c /usr/include/stdc-predef.h /usr/include/stdio.h \\  
 /usr/include/features.h /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs-32.h \\  
 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/5/include/stddef.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/types.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/typesizes.h /usr/include/libio.h \\  
 /usr/include/\_G\_config.h /usr/include/wchar.h \\  
 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/5/include/stdarg.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/stdio\_lim.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/sys\_errlist.h  
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\-MM  
和上面的那个一样，但是它将忽略由\#include造成的依赖关系。

jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -MM test.c  
test.o: test.c  
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\-MMD  
和-MM相同，但是输出将导入到.d的文件里面:

jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -MMD test.c -o test  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 24  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:42 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rwxrwxr-x 1 jack jack 7344 7月  17 10:42 test\*  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   13 7月  17 10:42 test.d //test.d为导出文件  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ rm test.d  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ rm test  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 12  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:42 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -MMD test.c//注意这里的定法，即使没有指明目标-o，编译器也会自动生成a.out，这与前面-M,-MM有所不同。  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 24  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:42 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rwxrwxr-x 1 jack jack 7344 7月  17 10:42 a.out\*  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   15 7月  17 10:42 test.d  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ./a.out   
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jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$   
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test.d文件里的内容与-MM是类似的，只是导出到文件里而已：

jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ cat test.d  
test.o: test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$   
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\-MD  
与-MMD类似，只是导出的内容有所不一样，内容与-M是一样的。具体可以看log：

jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -MD test.c -o test  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 24  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:48 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rwxrwxr-x 1 jack jack 7344 7月  17 10:48 test\*  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack  624 7月  17 10:48 test.d  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ cat test.d  
\*\*test: test.c /usr/include/stdc-predef.h /usr/include/stdio.h \\  
 /usr/include/features.h /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs-32.h \\  
 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/5/include/stddef.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/types.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/typesizes.h /usr/include/libio.h \\  
 /usr/include/\_G\_config.h /usr/include/wchar.h \\  
 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/5/include/stdarg.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/stdio\_lim.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/sys\_errlist.h\*\*  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ rm test  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ rm test.d  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -MD test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 24  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:48 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rwxrwxr-x 1 jack jack 7344 7月  17 10:48 a.out\*  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack  626 7月  17 10:48 test.d  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ cat test.d  
test.o: test.c /usr/include/stdc-predef.h /usr/include/stdio.h \\  
 /usr/include/features.h /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs-32.h \\  
 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/5/include/stddef.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/types.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/typesizes.h /usr/include/libio.h \\  
 /usr/include/\_G\_config.h /usr/include/wchar.h \\  
 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/5/include/stdarg.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/stdio\_lim.h \\  
 /usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/bits/sys\_errlist.h  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$   
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\-MF  
man帮助里   
指一个文件用于存放生成文件的关联信息，这些信息与-M或-MM是一样的，所以要与-M或-MM一些使用，否则会报错，看下面log：

jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -MF test.c -o test  
gcc: fatal error: no input files  
compilation terminated.  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -MF"test.d" test.c -o test  
cc1: error: to generate dependencies you must specify either -M or -MM  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc -MM -MF"test.d" test.c -o test  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 16  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:53 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack    0 7月  17 10:53 test  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   15 7月  17 10:53 test.d  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ cat test.d  
test.o: test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$   
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注意：单独使用-M或-MM时，生成的目标文件没有可执行属性:

\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack    0 7月  17 10:53 test  
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注意：   
\-MF与-MMD或-MD混用，会覆盖-MD或-MMD的特性，简单说，它们功能是等效的，下面是man帮助里的介绍：

-MF file  
           When used with -M or -MM, specifies a file to write the dependencies to.  If no -MF switch is given the  
           preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent preprocessed output.

When used with the driver options -MD or -MMD, -MF overrides the default dependency output file.  
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\-MT  
指定目标文件名

jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc test.c -MT"test.o"  
cc1: error: to generate dependencies you must specify either -M or -MM  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc test.c -MT"test.o" -MM  
test.o: test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 12  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:58 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc test.c -MT"test.d" -MT"test.o" -MM  
test.d test.o: test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 12  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:58 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ gcc test.c -MF"test.d" -MT"test.d" -MT"test.o" -MM  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ ll  
total 16  
drwxrwxr-x 2 jack jack 4096 7月  17 11:00 ./  
drwxr-xr-x 6 jack jack 4096 7月  17 10:38 ../  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   87 7月  17 10:39 test.c  
\-rw-rw-r-- 1 jack jack   22 7月  17 11:00 test.d  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$ cat test.d  
test.d test.o: test.c  
jack@jxes-VirtualBox:~/samba\_share/tmp$   
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总结  
\-M,-MM,-MMD,-MF,-MT这几个用法，主要是用来生成关联信息，以及指定输出文件名，所以本人一般习惯用-MMD这一个，其他几个很少会用。另外加上-D，编译器会自动生成.d的的文件保存关联信息，同时最终生成的目标文件也不会没有可执行属性。  
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原文：https://blog.csdn.net/linuxandroidwince/article/details/75221300