Python让你的终端输出变得五彩斑斓

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2022-01-30 00:43 428阅读 0赞

### Python让你的终端输出变得五彩斑斓 ###

*  前言
 *  Linux下终端变换颜色
 *  window下终端颜色显示
 *  平台通用的方法
 *  最后的最后

# 前言 #

也许你希望在终端上输出一些带有颜色或者粗体、下划线等样式的信息，就像man中的那样；  
又或者海量的信息堆砌在控制台导致各种信息都显示在一起，让人抓不住重点，或者使用python处理文档文件的时候，希望能看到一些中重点语句。  
这时候，如果能给重要的信息加上差异的字体颜色，那么就会更加显眼，增加使用者可阅读性。  
本文来简单介绍一下如何实现在终端变换颜色。

# Linux下终端变换颜色 #

linux和windows平台修改终端显示颜色的方式是不一样的，当然其实也有通用的方法，这个在本文最后会讲。  
先说一下Linux平台的方法，使用转义序列来实现不同颜色的显示。  
转义序列是以ESC开头,即用\\033来完成（ESC的ASCII码用十进制表示是27，用八进制表示就是033）。而终端的字符颜色是用转义序列控制的，是文本模式下的系统显示功能，和具体的语言无关。  
它的格式如下：

\033[显示方式;前景色;背景色m

其中显示方式，前景色，背景色参数如下：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>前景色</th> 
   <th>背景色</th> 
   <th>颜色</th> 
   <th>显示方式</th> 
   <th>意义</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>30</td> 
   <td>40</td> 
   <td>黑色</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>终端默认设置</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>31</td> 
   <td>41</td> 
   <td>红色</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>粗体 高亮显示</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>32</td> 
   <td>42</td> 
   <td>绿色</td> 
   <td>22</td> 
   <td>非粗体 非高亮显示</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>33</td> 
   <td>43</td> 
   <td>黃色</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>使用下划线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>34</td> 
   <td>44</td> 
   <td>蓝色</td> 
   <td>24</td> 
   <td>去下划线</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>35</td> 
   <td>45</td> 
   <td>紫红色</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>闪烁</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>36</td> 
   <td>46</td> 
   <td>青蓝色</td> 
   <td>25</td> 
   <td>去闪烁</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>37</td> 
   <td>47</td> 
   <td>白色</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>反白显示</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>27</td> 
   <td>非反显</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>不可见</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td></td> 
   <td>28</td> 
   <td>可见</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

前景色后景色可以不设置，显示方式也可以不设置（默认为0）

print('\033[0;31;1m' )
    print('*' * 50) 
    print('*HOST:\t', 2019) 
    print('*URI:\t', 'http://127.0.0.1') 
    print('*TIME:\t', '20:58') 
    print('*' * 50) 
    print('\033[0m')

输出结果如下：  
![shell显示][shell]  
测试文件如下：

# 格式：\033[显示方式;前景色;背景色m
    # 说明:
    #
    # 前景色 背景色 颜色
    # ---------------------------------------
    # 30 40 黑色
    # 31 41 红色
    # 32 42 绿色
    # 33 43 黃色
    # 34 44 蓝色
    # 35 45 紫红色
    # 36 46 青蓝色
    # 37 47 白色
    #
    # 显示方式 意义
    # -------------------------
    # 0 终端默认设置
    # 1 高亮显示
    # 4 使用下划线
    # 5 闪烁
    # 7 反白显示
    # 8 不可见
    #
    # 例子：
    # \033[1;31;40m 
    # \033[0m ]]]
    
    STYLE = { 
            'fore':
            {    # 前景色
                'black'    : 30,   # 黑色
                'red'      : 31,   # 红色
                'green'    : 32,   # 绿色
                'yellow'   : 33,   # 黄色
                'blue'     : 34,   # 蓝色
                'purple'   : 35,   # 紫红色
                'cyan'     : 36,   # 青蓝色
                'white'    : 37,   # 白色
            },
    
            'back' :
            {    # 背景
                'black'     : 40,  # 黑色
                'red'       : 41,  # 红色
                'green'     : 42,  # 绿色
                'yellow'    : 43,  # 黄色
                'blue'      : 44,  # 蓝色
                'purple'    : 45,  # 紫红色
                'cyan'      : 46,  # 青蓝色
                'white'     : 47,  # 白色
            },
    
            'mode' :
            {    # 显示模式
                'mormal'    : 0,   # 终端默认设置
                'bold'      : 1,   # 高亮显示
                'underline' : 4,   # 使用下划线
                'blink'     : 5,   # 闪烁
                'invert'    : 7,   # 反白显示
                'hide'      : 8,   # 不可见
            },
    
            'default' :
            { 
                'end' : 0,
            },
    }
    
    def UseStyle(string, mode = '', fore = '', back = ''):
        mode  = '%s' % STYLE['mode'][mode] if mode in STYLE['mode'] else ''
        fore  = '%s' % STYLE['fore'][fore] if fore in STYLE['fore'] else ''
        back  = '%s' % STYLE['back'][back] if back in STYLE['back'] else ''
        style = ';'.join([s for s in [mode, fore, back] if s])
        style = '\033[%sm' % style if style else ''
    
        end   = '\033[%sm' % STYLE['default']['end'] if style else ''
        return '%s%s%s' % (style, string, end)
    
    def TestColor( ):
        print (UseStyle('正常显示'))
    
        print ("测试显示模式")
        print (UseStyle('高亮',   mode = 'bold'))
        print (UseStyle('下划线', mode = 'underline'))
        print (UseStyle('闪烁',   mode = 'blink'))
        print (UseStyle('反白',   mode = 'invert'))
        print (UseStyle('不可见', mode = 'hide'))
    
        print ("测试前景色")
        print (UseStyle('黑色',   fore = 'black'))
        print (UseStyle('红色',   fore = 'red'))
        print (UseStyle('绿色',   fore = 'green'))
        print (UseStyle('黄色',   fore = 'yellow'))
        print (UseStyle('蓝色',   fore = 'blue'))
        print (UseStyle('紫红色', fore = 'purple'))
        print (UseStyle('青蓝色', fore = 'cyan'))
        print (UseStyle('白色',   fore = 'white'))
    
        print ("测试背景色")
        print (UseStyle('黑色',   back = 'black'))
        print (UseStyle('红色',   back = 'red'))
        print (UseStyle('绿色',   back = 'green'))
        print (UseStyle('黄色',   back = 'yellow'))
        print (UseStyle('蓝色',   back = 'blue'))
        print (UseStyle('紫红色', back = 'purple'))
        print (UseStyle('青蓝色', back = 'cyan'))
        print (UseStyle('白色',   back = 'white'))
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        TestColor( )

结果如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FpcWl5aW5nc2U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
各种模式与颜色对比图如下：  
![qiqiyingse][]

# window下终端颜色显示 #

windows下面稍微有点不一样

import ctypes,sys
    
    STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10
    STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
    STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12
    
    # 字体颜色定义 ,关键在于颜色编码，由2位十六进制组成，分别取0~f，前一位指的是背景色，后一位指的是字体色
    #由于该函数的限制，应该是只有这16种，可以前景色与背景色组合。也可以几种颜色通过或运算组合，组合后还是在这16种颜色中
    
    # Windows CMD命令行 字体颜色定义 text colors
    FOREGROUND_BLACK = 0x00 # black.
    FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE = 0x01 # dark blue.
    FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN = 0x02 # dark green.
    FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x03 # dark skyblue.
    FOREGROUND_DARKRED = 0x04 # dark red.
    FOREGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x05 # dark pink.
    FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x06 # dark yellow.
    FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # dark white.
    FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x08 # dark gray.
    FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # blue.
    FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # green.
    FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # skyblue.
    FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # red.
    FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # pink.
    FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # yellow.
    FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # white.
    
    # Windows CMD命令行 背景颜色定义 background colors
    BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x10 # dark blue.
    BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x20 # dark green.
    BACKGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x30 # dark skyblue.
    BACKGROUND_DARKRED = 0x40 # dark red.
    BACKGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x50 # dark pink.
    BACKGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x60 # dark yellow.
    BACKGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x70 # dark white.
    BACKGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x80 # dark gray.
    BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x90 # blue.
    BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0xa0 # green.
    BACKGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0xb0 # skyblue.
    BACKGROUND_RED = 0xc0 # red.
    BACKGROUND_PINK = 0xd0 # pink.
    BACKGROUND_YELLOW = 0xe0 # yellow.
    BACKGROUND_WHITE = 0xf0 # white.
    
    # get handle
    std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
    
    def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle):
        Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
        return Bool
    
    #reset white
    def resetColor():
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
    
    ###############################################################
    
    #暗蓝色
    #dark blue
    def printDarkBlue(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #暗绿色
    #dark green
    def printDarkGreen(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #暗天蓝色
    #dark sky blue
    def printDarkSkyBlue(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #暗红色
    #dark red
    def printDarkRed(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKRED)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #暗粉红色
    #dark pink
    def printDarkPink(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKPINK)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #暗黄色
    #dark yellow
    def printDarkYellow(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #暗白色
    #dark white
    def printDarkWhite(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #暗灰色
    #dark gray
    def printDarkGray(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #蓝色
    #blue
    def printBlue(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_BLUE)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #绿色
    #green
    def printGreen(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_GREEN)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #天蓝色
    #sky blue
    def printSkyBlue(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #红色
    #red
    def printRed(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #粉红色
    #pink
    def printPink(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_PINK)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #黄色
    #yellow
    def printYellow(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_YELLOW)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #白色
    #white
    def printWhite(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_WHITE)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    ##################################################
    
    #白底黑字
    #white bkground and black text
    def printWhiteBlack(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_BLACK | BACKGROUND_WHITE)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    #白底黑字
    #white bkground and black text
    def printWhiteBlack_2(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(0xf0)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    #黄底蓝字
    #white bkground and black text
    def printYellowRed(mess):
        set_cmd_text_color(BACKGROUND_YELLOW | FOREGROUND_RED)
        sys.stdout.write(mess)
        resetColor()
    
    ##############################################################
    if __name__ == '__main__': 
        print
        printDarkBlue(u'printDarkBlue:暗蓝色文字\n')
        printDarkGreen(u'printDarkGreen:暗绿色文字\n')
        printDarkSkyBlue(u'printDarkSkyBlue:暗天蓝色文字\n')
        printDarkRed(u'printDarkRed:暗红色文字\n')
        printDarkPink(u'printDarkPink:暗粉红色文字\n')
        printDarkYellow(u'printDarkYellow:暗黄色文字\n')
        printDarkWhite(u'printDarkWhite:暗白色文字\n')
        printDarkGray(u'printDarkGray:暗灰色文字\n')
        printBlue(u'printBlue:蓝色文字\n')
        printGreen(u'printGreen:绿色文字\n')
        printSkyBlue(u'printSkyBlue:天蓝色文字\n')
        printRed(u'printRed:红色文字\n')
        printPink(u'printPink:粉红色文字\n')
        printYellow(u'printYellow:黄色文字\n')
        printWhite(u'printWhite:白色文字\n')
        printWhiteBlack(u'printWhiteBlack:白底黑字输出\n')
        printWhiteBlack_2(u'printWhiteBlack_2:白底黑字输出\n')
        printYellowRed(u'printYellowRed:黄底红字输出\n')

# 平台通用的方法 #

python 有一个库colorama ， 这个库可以支持修改颜色

pip3 install colorama

实例

from colorama import init, Fore, Back, Style
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        init(autoreset=True)    # 初始化，并且设置颜色设置自动恢复
        # 如果未设置autoreset=True，需要使用如下代码重置终端颜色为初始设置
        #print(Fore.RESET + Back.RESET + Style.RESET_ALL) autoreset=True
        print(Fore.RED + 'some red text')
        print(Back.GREEN + 'and with a green background')
        print(Style.DIM + 'and in dim text')
        print('back to normal now')

# 最后的最后 #

找到一个两个平台通用的代码，其实就是上面介绍的方法整合一下：

import platform
    if 'Windows' in platform.system():
    	import sys
    	import ctypes
    	__stdInputHandle = -10
    	__stdOutputHandle = -11
    	__stdErrorHandle = -12
    	__foreGroundBLUE = 0x09
     	__foreGroundGREEN = 0x0a
    	__foreGroundRED = 0x0c
    	__foreGroundYELLOW = 0x0e
    	stdOutHandle=ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(__stdOutputHandle)
    	def setCmdColor(color,handle=stdOutHandle):
    		return ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color)
    	def resetCmdColor():
    		setCmdColor(__foreGroundRED | __foreGroundGREEN | __foreGroundBLUE)
    	def printBlue(msg):
    		setCmdColor(__foreGroundBLUE)
    		sys.stdout.write(msg + '\n')
    		resetCmdColor()
    	def printGreen(msg):
    		setCmdColor(__foreGroundGREEN)
    		sys.stdout.write(msg + '\n')
    		resetCmdColor()
    	def printRed(msg):
    		setCmdColor(__foreGroundRED)
    		sys.stdout.write(msg + '\n')
    		resetCmdColor()
    	def printYellow(msg):
    		setCmdColor(__foreGroundYELLOW)
    		sys.stdout.write(msg + '\n')
    		resetCmdColor()
    else:
    	STYLE = { 
    	'fore':{ 
    	'red': 31,
    	'green': 32,
    	'yellow': 33,
    	'blue': 34,
    	}
    	}
    	def UseStyle(msg, mode = '', fore = '', back = '40'):
    		fore = '%s' % STYLE['fore'][fore] if STYLE['fore'].has_key(fore) else ''
    		style = ';'.join([s for s in [mode, fore, back] if s])
    		style = '\033[%sm' % style if style else ''
    		end = '\033[%sm' % 0 if style else ''
    		return '%s%s%s' % (style, msg, end)
    	def printRed(msg):
    		print UseStyle(msg,fore='red')
    	def printGreen(msg):
    		print UseStyle(msg,fore='green')
    	def printYellow(msg):
    		print UseStyle(msg,fore='yellow')
    	def printBlue(msg):
    		print UseStyle(msg,fore='blue')

[shell]: /images/20220130/2696396ca6b74e7fb37265909554c270.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FpcWl5aW5nc2U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220130/1a450d5102bb456192293cbf5415ded5.png
[qiqiyingse]: /images/20220130/be32e85f0c9d4974a7ad031eaf78c959.png