【英语学习】英语语法术语表 English Grammar Terminology

深藏阁楼爱情的钟 2022-01-29 05:45 521阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  Basic Terminology 基础词汇
 *  Nouns 名词
 *  Pronoun 代词
 *  Verb 动词
 *  Tense 时态
 *  Voice & Mood 语态&语气
 *  Adverb & Conjunction 副词&连词
 *  Sentence 句子
 *  Predicate & Object etc. 谓语&宾语等
 *  Phrases 短语
 *  Clauses 从句
 *  Word-Order 语序
 *  Punctuation 标点符号

跟英语外教讨论语法现象时，好多语法术语都不会；整理个语法术语表在这里。

# Basic Terminology 基础词汇 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Morphology</td> 
   <td>词法</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Syntax</td> 
   <td>句法</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Notional Words</td> 
   <td>实意词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Form Words</td> 
   <td>虚词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Parts of Speech</td> 
   <td>词类</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Noun</td> 
   <td>名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Pronoun</td> 
   <td>代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Numeral</td> 
   <td>数词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adjective</td> 
   <td>形容词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Verb</td> 
   <td>动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverb</td> 
   <td>副词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Article</td> 
   <td>冠词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Preposition</td> 
   <td>介词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Conjunction</td> 
   <td>连词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Interjection</td> 
   <td>感叹词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Determiner</td> 
   <td>限定词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Particle</td> 
   <td>小品词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Word Building</td> 
   <td>构词法</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Conversion</td> 
   <td>转化</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Derivation (Affixaton)</td> 
   <td>派生(词缀法)</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Compounding (Composition)</td> 
   <td>合成</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Prefix(es)</td> 
   <td>前缀</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Suffix(es)</td> 
   <td>后缀</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Compound Words</td> 
   <td>合成词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Nouns 名词 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Classification of Nouns</td> 
   <td>名词的分类</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Common Nouns</td> 
   <td>普通名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Proper Nouns</td> 
   <td>专有名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Individual Nouns</td> 
   <td>个体名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Collective Nouns</td> 
   <td>集体名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Material Nouns</td> 
   <td>物质名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Abstract Nouns</td> 
   <td>抽象名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Countable Nouns</td> 
   <td>可数名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Uncountable Nouns</td> 
   <td>不可数名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Singular Form</td> 
   <td>单数形势</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Plural Form</td> 
   <td>复数形式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Common Case</td> 
   <td>普通格</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Possessive Case</td> 
   <td>所有格</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Gender</td> 
   <td>性</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Definite Article</td> 
   <td>定冠词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Indefinite Article</td> 
   <td>不定冠词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Pronoun 代词 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Person Pronouns</td> 
   <td>人称代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Possessive Pronouns</td> 
   <td>物主代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Self Pronouns</td> 
   <td>自身代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Demonstrative Pronouns</td> 
   <td>指示代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Interrogative Pronouns</td> 
   <td>疑问代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Conjunctive Pronouns</td> 
   <td>连接代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Relative Pronouns</td> 
   <td>关系代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Reciprocal Pronouns</td> 
   <td>相互代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Indefinite Pronouns</td> 
   <td>不定代词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Absolute Forms of <br> Possessive Pronouns</td> 
   <td>物主代词的绝对形式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Subjective Case</td> 
   <td>主格</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Objective Case</td> 
   <td>宾格</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Cardinal Numbers</td> 
   <td>基数词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ordinal Numbers</td> 
   <td>序数词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Fractional Numbers</td> 
   <td>分数词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Degree of Comparison</td> 
   <td>比较的级别</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Comparative Degree</td> 
   <td>比较级</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Superlative Degree</td> 
   <td>最高级</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Verb 动词 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Notional Verbs</td> 
   <td>实义动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Link-verbs</td> 
   <td>系动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Auxiliary Verbs<br> (Helping verbs)</td> 
   <td>助动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Modal Verbs</td> 
   <td>情态动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Transitive Verbs</td> 
   <td>及物动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Intransitive Verbs</td> 
   <td>不及物动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Regular Verbs</td> 
   <td>规则动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Irregular Verbs</td> 
   <td>不规则动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Phrasal Verbs</td> 
   <td>成语动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Delexical Verbs</td> 
   <td>虚意动词</td> 
   <td><a href="https://www.curso-ingles.com/en/learn/courses/advanced-level/collocations-and-expressions/delexical-verbs" rel="nofollow">Explanation of Delexical verbs </a></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ditransitive Verbs</td> 
   <td>双宾动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defective_verb#English" rel="nofollow">Defective Verbs</a></td> 
   <td>无变化动词</td> 
   <td>人家动词都会变，这种 “<em>有缺陷的</em>” <br>动词不会变化，例如 ought to, must 等</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Stative Verbs</td> 
   <td>静态动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Instantaneous Verbs</td> 
   <td>短暂(瞬时)动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_verb#In_English" rel="nofollow">Ergative Verbs</a></td> 
   <td>作格词<br>(兼做及物与不及物动词的动词)</td> 
   <td>1950s: from Greek ergatēs ‘worker’ (from ergon ‘work’) + -ive. <br>看到词源也猜不出这个术语的意思 ?</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Finite Form of the Verb</td> 
   <td>动词的限定形式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Person</td> 
   <td>人称</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Number</td> 
   <td>数</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Tense</td> 
   <td>时态</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Mood</td> 
   <td>语气</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Non-finite Forms of the Verb</td> 
   <td>动词的非限定形式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Principal Forms of the Verb</td> 
   <td>动词的主要形式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Present Forms</td> 
   <td>现在式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Forms</td> 
   <td>过去式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Participle</td> 
   <td>分词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Present Participle</td> 
   <td>现在分词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Participle</td> 
   <td>过去分词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Infinitive</td> 
   <td>不定式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><a href="https://www.englishgrammar.org/bare-infinitive-2/" rel="nofollow">Bare Infinitive</a></td> 
   <td>光秃不定式</td> 
   <td>即：不带to的动词不定式</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Gerund</td> 
   <td>动名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Verbal Noun</td> 
   <td>名词化的动名词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Contraction</td> 
   <td>动词的紧缩形式</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Tense 时态 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th></th> 
   <th>Present</th> 
   <th>Past</th> 
   <th>Future</th> 
   <th>Past Future</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Indefinite<br>(Simple)</td> 
   <td>The Present indefinite</td> 
   <td>The Past Indefinite</td> 
   <td>The Future Indefinite</td> 
   <td>The Past Future Indefinite</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Continuous<br>(Progress)</td> 
   <td>The Present Continuous</td> 
   <td>The Pass Continuous</td> 
   <td>The Future Continuous</td> 
   <td>The Past Future Continuous</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Perfect</td> 
   <td>The Present Perfect</td> 
   <td>The Past Perfect</td> 
   <td>The Future Perfect</td> 
   <td>The Past Future Perfect</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Perfect Continuous</td> 
   <td>The Present Perfect Continuous</td> 
   <td>The Past Perfect Continuous</td> 
   <td>The Future Perfect Continuous</td> 
   <td>The Past Future Perfect Continuous</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Present Indefinite</td> 
   <td>一般现在时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Indefinite</td> 
   <td>一般过去时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Future Indefinite</td> 
   <td>一般将来时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Future Indefinite</td> 
   <td>一般过去将来时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Present Continuous</td> 
   <td>现在进行时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Continuous</td> 
   <td>过去进行时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Future Continuous</td> 
   <td>将来进行时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Future Continuous</td> 
   <td>过去将来进行时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Present Perfect</td> 
   <td>现在完成时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Perfect</td> 
   <td>过去完成时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Future Perfect</td> 
   <td>将来完成时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Future Perfect</td> 
   <td>过去将来完成时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Present Perfect Continuous</td> 
   <td>现在完成进行时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Perfect Continuous</td> 
   <td>过去完成进行时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Future Perfect Continuous</td> 
   <td>将来完成进行时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Past Future Perfect Continuous</td> 
   <td>过去将来完成进行时</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Sequence of Tenses</td> 
   <td>时态的呼应</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Voice & Mood 语态&语气 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Passive Voice</td> 
   <td>被动语态</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Active Voice</td> 
   <td>主动语态</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Indicative Mood</td> 
   <td>陈述语气</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Imperative Mood</td> 
   <td>祈使语气</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Subjunctive Mood</td> 
   <td>虚拟语气</td> 
   <td>注：觉得译成 “主观语气” 更贴切, <br> 陈述语气 即是 “客观语气”</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Sentences of Real Condition</td> 
   <td>真实条件句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Sentences of Unreal Condition</td> 
   <td>虚拟条件句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Conditional Sentence of Mixed Time</td> 
   <td>错综时间条件句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Sentences of Implied Condition</td> 
   <td>含蓄条件句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Adverb & Conjunction 副词&连词 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbs of Time</td> 
   <td>时间副词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbs of Place</td> 
   <td>地点副词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbs of Manner</td> 
   <td>方式副词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbs of Degree</td> 
   <td>程度副词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbs of Frequency</td> 
   <td>频度副词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Relative Adverbs</td> 
   <td>关系副词</td> 
   <td>注：还有一个Relative Pronoun（关系代词）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Conjunctive Adverbs</td> 
   <td>连接副词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Interrogative Adverbs</td> 
   <td>疑问副词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Coordinating Conjunctions</td> 
   <td>并列连词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Subordinating Conjunctions</td> 
   <td>从属连词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Sentence 句子 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Members of the Sentence</td> 
   <td>句子的成分</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Subject</td> 
   <td>主语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Preparatory Subject</td> 
   <td>先行主语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Predicate</td> 
   <td>谓语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Predicative</td> 
   <td>表语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Object</td> 
   <td>宾语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Retained Object</td> 
   <td>保留宾语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Attribute</td> 
   <td>定语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Adverbial (Modifier)</td> 
   <td>状语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Appositive</td> 
   <td>同位语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Independent Elements</td> 
   <td>独立成分</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Declarative Sentences</td> 
   <td>陈述句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Imperative Sentences</td> 
   <td>祈使句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Exclamatory Sentences</td> 
   <td>感叹句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Interrogative Sentences</td> 
   <td>疑问句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>General Questions</td> 
   <td>一般疑问句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Special Questions</td> 
   <td>特殊疑问句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Alternative Questions</td> 
   <td>选择疑问句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Disjunctive Questions</td> 
   <td>反意疑问句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Simple Sentences</td> 
   <td>简单句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Compound Sentences</td> 
   <td>并列句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Complex Sentences</td> 
   <td>复合句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Compound Complex Sentences</td> 
   <td>并列复合句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>One-member Sentences</td> 
   <td>单部句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Two-member Sentences</td> 
   <td>双部句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Elliptical Sentences</td> 
   <td>省略句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Cleft Sentence</td> 
   <td>分列句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Predicate & Object etc. 谓语&宾语等 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Simple Predicate</td> 
   <td>简单谓语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Compound Predicate</td> 
   <td>复合谓语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Compound Verbal Predicate</td> 
   <td>表行为的复合谓语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Compound Nominal Predicate</td> 
   <td>表性状的复合谓语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Direct Object</td> 
   <td>直接宾语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Indirect Object</td> 
   <td>间接宾语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The Complex Object</td> 
   <td>复合宾语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>The cognate Object</td> 
   <td>同源宾语</td> 
   <td><strong>cognate</strong>: early 17th century: from Latin cognatus, from co- ‘together with’ + natus ‘born’.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Direct Address</td> 
   <td>呼语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Parenthesis</td> 
   <td>插入语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Direct Speech</td> 
   <td>直接引语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Indirect Speech</td> 
   <td>间接引语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Absolute Constructions</td> 
   <td>独立结构</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Phrases 短语 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Participial Phrase</td> 
   <td>分词短语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Prepositional Phrase</td> 
   <td>介词短语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Infinitive Phrases</td> 
   <td>不定式短语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Verb Phrases</td> 
   <td>动词短语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Phrasal Verbs</td> 
   <td>成语动词</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Clauses 从句 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Main Clauses</td> 
   <td>主句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Subordinate Clauses</td> 
   <td>从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Subject Clauses</td> 
   <td>主语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Object Clauses</td> 
   <td>宾语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Predicative Clauses</td> 
   <td>标语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Attributive Clauses</td> 
   <td>定语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Appositive Clauses</td> 
   <td>同位语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses</td> 
   <td>状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Time</td> 
   <td>时间状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Place</td> 
   <td>地点状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Cause</td> 
   <td>原因状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Condition</td> 
   <td>条件状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Degree (Result)</td> 
   <td>程度(结果)状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Concession</td> 
   <td>让步状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Purpose</td> 
   <td>目的状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Comparison</td> 
   <td>比较状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Adverbial Clauses of Manner</td> 
   <td>方式状语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Defining Attributive Clauses</td> 
   <td>限定性定语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Non-defining Attributive Clauses</td> 
   <td>非限定性定语从句</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Limiting Attributes</td> 
   <td>限定性定语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Descriptive Attributes</td> 
   <td>描绘性定语</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Word-Order 语序 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Natural Word-order</td> 
   <td>自然语序</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Inverted Word-order</td> 
   <td>倒装语序</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Inversion</td> 
   <td>倒桩</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Full Inversion</td> 
   <td>完全倒桩</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Partial Inversion</td> 
   <td>部分倒桩</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Ellipsis</td> 
   <td>省略</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Substitution</td> 
   <td>替代</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Transformation of Sentences</td> 
   <td>句型转换</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Analysis of Sentences</td> 
   <td>句子分析</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# Punctuation 标点符号 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>英文</th> 
   <th>中文</th> 
   <th>备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Period (Full Stop)</td> 
   <td>句号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Question Mark</td> 
   <td>问号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Exclamation Mark</td> 
   <td>感叹号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Comma</td> 
   <td>逗号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Colon</td> 
   <td>冒号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Dash</td> 
   <td>破折号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Hyphen</td> 
   <td>连字符</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Brackets</td> 
   <td>括号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Quotation Marks</td> 
   <td>引号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Apostrophe</td> 
   <td>撇号</td> 
   <td></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>