Hadoop2.7实战v1.0之start-balancer.sh与hdfs balancer数据均衡

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-01-25 23:25 271阅读 0赞

转发：[http://www.aboutyun.com/thread-17612-1-1.html][http_www.aboutyun.com_thread-17612-1-1.html]

适用场景：a.当动态添加或者删除集群的数据节点，必然会使各节点的数据不均衡  
b.当正常维护时  
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1.对hdfs负载设置均衡，因为默认的数据传输带宽比较低，可以设置为64M，  
即hdfs dfsadmin -setBalancerBandwidth 67108864即可

[root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 ~# cd /hadoop/hadoop-2.7.2/bin
    [root@sht-sgmhadoopdn-01 bin# ./hdfs dfsadmin -setBalancerBandwidth 67108864
    Balancer bandwidth is set to 67108864 for sht-sgmhadoopnn-01/172.16.101.55:8020
    Balancer bandwidth is set to 67108864 for sht-sgmhadoopnn-02/172.16.101.56:8020

2.默认balancer的threshold为10%，即各个节点存储使用率偏差不超过10%，我们可将其设置为5%;然后启动Balancer,sbin/start-balancer.sh -threshold 5，等待集群自均衡完成即可

[root@sht-sgmhadoopdn-01 bin# cd ../sbin
    starting balancer, logging to /hadoop/hadoop-2.7.2/logs/hadoop-root-balancer-sht-sgmhadoopnn-01.telenav.cn.out
    [root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 sbin# ./start-balancer.sh -threshold 5
    starting balancer, logging to /hadoop/hadoop-2.7.2/logs/hadoop-root-balancer-sht-sgmhadoopnn-01.telenav.cn.out

###运行这个命令start-balancer.sh -threshold 5和使用hdfs balancer -threshold 5是一样的
    
    #### Usage: hdfs balancer
    
    点击(此处)折叠或打开
    
    [root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 bin# ./hdfs balancer -threshold 5
    16/03/05 18:57:33 INFO balancer.Balancer: Using a threshold of 1.0
    16/03/05 18:57:33 INFO balancer.Balancer: namenodes = [hdfs://mycluster
    16/03/05 18:57:33 INFO balancer.Balancer: parameters = Balancer.Parameters[BalancingPolicy.Node, threshold=1.0, max idle iteration = 5, number of nodes to be excluded = 0, number of nodes to be included = 0
    Time Stamp Iteration# Bytes Already Moved Bytes Left To Move Bytes Being Moved
    16/03/05 18:57:34 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
    16/03/05 18:57:35 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/172.16.101.58:50010
    16/03/05 18:57:35 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/172.16.101.60:50010
    16/03/05 18:57:35 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/172.16.101.66:50010
    16/03/05 18:57:35 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/172.16.101.59:50010
    16/03/05 18:57:35 INFO balancer.Balancer: 0 over-utilized: [
    16/03/05 18:57:35 INFO balancer.Balancer: 0 underutilized: [
    The cluster is balanced. Exiting...
    Mar 5, 2016 6:57:35 PM 0 0 B 0 B -1 B
    Mar 5, 2016 6:57:35 PM Balancing took 2.66 seconds

1).为什么我执行该命令hdfs balancer -threshold 5平衡数据命令没有反应呢？
    5表示5%，
    
    群总存储使用率:           1.74%
    sht-sgmhadoopdn-01:    1.74%
    
    sht-sgmhadoopdn-02:    1.74%
    
    sht-sgmhadoopdn-03:    1.74%
    
    sht-sgmhadoopdn-04:     0%
    
    执行-threshold  5, 表示每一个 datanode 存储使用率和集群总存储使用率的差值都应该小于这个阀值5%；
    
    假如超过5%，会执行数据平衡操作。
    B.  2).怎样判断执行命令是否会生效，数据平衡操作？
    
    if  (群总存储使用率  — 每一台datanode 存储使用率) > -threshold 5
          #会执行数据平衡
    else
          #该命令不生效
    
    end if
    C.  3).the threshold  range of [1.0, 100.0],所以最小只能设置 -threshold  1
    
    D. 4).balance命令可以执行早namenode或者datanode节点上
    
    3. 执行命令hdfs balancer -threshold 1
    点击(此处)折叠或打开
    
    [root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 hadoop# hdfs balancer -threshold 1
    ……………..
    ……………..
    16/03/08 16:08:09 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/172.16.101.59:50010
    16/03/08 16:08:09 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/172.16.101.58:50010
    16/03/08 16:08:09 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/172.16.101.66:50010
    16/03/08 16:08:09 INFO net.NetworkTopology: Adding a new node: /default-rack/172.16.101.60:50010
    16/03/08 16:08:09 INFO balancer.Balancer: 0 over-utilized: [
    16/03/08 16:08:09 INFO balancer.Balancer: 0 underutilized: [
    The cluster is balanced. Exiting...
    Mar 8, 2016 4:08:09 PM 1 382.22 MB 0 B -1 B
    Mar 8, 2016 4:08:09 PM Balancing took 6.7001 minutes

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80Mjg2ODYzOA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
\#\#\#新增数据节点的411.7M,偏差小于1%。

由于历史原因，hadoop集群中的机器的磁盘空间的大小各不相同，而HDFS在进行写入操作时，并没有考虑到这种情况，所以随着数据量的逐渐增加，磁盘较小的datanode机器上的磁盘空间很快将被写满，从而触发了报警。  
此时，不得不手工执行start-balancer.sh来进行balance操作，即使将dfs.balance.bandwidthPerSec 参数设置为10M/s，整个集群达到平衡也需要很长的时间，[所以写了个crontab来每天凌晨来执行start-balancer.sh][crontab_start-balancer.sh]，由于此时集群不平衡的状态还没有那么严重，所以start-balancer.sh很快执行结束了。  
另外需要注意的地方是，由于HDFS需要启动单独的Rebalance Server来执行Rebalance操作，[所以尽量不要在NameNode上执行start-balancer.sh][NameNode_start-balancer.sh]，而是找一台比较空闲的机器。  
理论参考：[http://www.aboutyun.com/thread-7354-1-1.html][http_www.aboutyun.com_thread-7354-1-1.html]

源码解析：
    
    点击(此处)折叠或打开
    
    [root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 sbin]# more start-balancer.sh
    #!/usr/bin/env bash
    bin=`dirname "${BASH_SOURCE-$0}"`
    bin=`cd "$bin"; pwd`
    DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="$bin"/../libexec
    HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=${HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
    . $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hdfs-config.sh
    # Start balancer daemon.
    "$HADOOP_PREFIX"/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR --script "$bin"/hdfs start balancer $@
    解析：start-balancer.sh脚本其实最终还是调用hdfs start balancer $@ 命令,对于 $@ 是指shell脚本运行的传递的参数列表，一般参数为-threshold 5
    [root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 sbin# more stop-balancer.sh
    #!/usr/bin/env bash
    bin=`dirname "${BASH_SOURCE-$0}"`
    bin=`cd "$bin"; pwd`
    DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR="$bin"/../libexec
    HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR=${HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR:-$DEFAULT_LIBEXEC_DIR}
    . $HADOOP_LIBEXEC_DIR/hdfs-config.sh
    # Stop balancer daemon.
    # Run this on the machine where the balancer is running
    "$HADOOP_PREFIX"/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh --config $HADOOP_CONF_DIR --script "$bin"/hdfs stop balancer
    解析：stop-balancer.sh脚本其实最终还是调用hdfs stop balancer命令
    [root@sht-sgmhadoopnn-01 sbin#

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[crontab_start-balancer.sh]: http://xn--crontabstart-balancer-jc17ap1de7ck43afhbe03jjg3cy6at29f9zgda0048a1o6r.sh
[NameNode_start-balancer.sh]: http://xn--NameNodestart-balancer-sy68a2bx05ag98dux2afg9ay6af924fm2hzl3e.sh
[http_www.aboutyun.com_thread-7354-1-1.html]: http://www.aboutyun.com/thread-7354-1-1.html