Ubuntu apt安装包 dev、dbg、utils后缀的含义

一时失言乱红尘 2022-01-23 02:01 953阅读 0赞

# 概述 #

> In general,  
> \-dev: Contains the library interface (header files) in case you are developing a program that wants to link to it.  
> \-dbg: Contains debugging symbols, which usually just used by developers linking against that software or people debugging the software.  
> \-utils: (I’m speaking from my Debian experience) Usually provides some additional command line tools. It may expose the user to internal features or just provide a CLI.  
> Having different packages like this is all about removing features and/or accessibility to reduce file size. This allows for faster downloads and less used disk space.

通常情况下

*  \-dev后缀（develope）：包含了库的接口（.h文件即头文件），这个为了当你开发一个程序时想要链接到这个包时。
 *  \-dbg后缀（debug）：包含调试符号，通常仅供开发人员使用该软件或调试软件的人员使用。
 *  \-utils后缀（utility）：通常提供一些额外的命令行工具。 它可能会将用户暴露给内部功能或仅提供CLI。

# dev后缀 #

> Packages with the -dev suffix (debian/ubuntu) or -devel suffix (red hat/centos/fedora) typically contain the files necessary if you are going to be compiling software from source that uses the associated library. They will typically contain C header files (foo.h) and the unversioned shared libraries ([libfoo.so][]). The non-dev package has only the versioned shared libraries (libfoo.so.1.1) that are required by compiled binaries.

dev后缀包通常包含必要的文件，如果你要从使用相关库的源代码编译软件。它们通常包含C头文件（`foo.h`）和无版本共享库（`libfoo.so`）。 非dev包只包含已编译二进制文件所需的版本化共享库（`libfoo.so.1.1`）。

> One more item in the *-dev package is the /usr/lib/lib*.so link. The libfoo0 package will install the file /usr/lib/libfoo.so.0.0, while libfoo-dev installs the links /usr/lib/libfoo.so.0 and /usr/lib/libfoo.so. This is the mechanism that allows you to have libfoo0 and libfoo1 installed simultaneously, so that software requiring the old library can co-exist on the box with software using the new library. When you install libfoo-dev, any software that is compiled will follow the \*.so link and link against the version of the library referenced by that link.

再补充一点。假如有一个包叫`libfoo`（`/usr/lib`这个目录下面存放的系统级的库文件，后面就省略这个目录）.安装`libfoo`包实际是安装的`libfoo.so.0.0`，但安装`libfoo-dev`包却是`libfoo.so.0`和`libfoo.so`（即另外两个库文件版本的链接）。这种机制允许你同时安装新库和旧库，这样使用旧版本库的软件和使用新版本库的软件就可以一起用啦，安装`libfoo-dev`时，任何编译的软件都将遵循\* .so链接并链接到该链接引用的库版本。

在`/usr/lib`执行ls可以看到链接库文件（.so）：淡蓝色  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FubGlhbjUyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

# 参考链接 #

[What does the \*-dev \*-dbg and \*-utils mean?][What does the _-dev _-dbg and _-utils mean]  
[What are “-dev” suffix in packages found in APT repositories?][What are _-dev_ suffix in packages found in APT repositories]  
[What do the \*-dev packages in the Linux package repositories actually contain?][What do the _-dev packages in the Linux package repositories actually contain]

[libfoo.so]: http://libfoo.so
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2FubGlhbjUyMw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220123/7863d197cd6840d5b4b24205aaf65829.png
[What does the _-dev _-dbg and _-utils mean]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19032398/what-does-the-dev-dbg-and-utils-mean
[What are _-dev_ suffix in packages found in APT repositories]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55579225/what-are-dev-suffix-in-packages-found-in-apt-repositories
[What do the _-dev packages in the Linux package repositories actually contain]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1157192/what-do-the-dev-packages-in-the-linux-package-repositories-actually-contain