Zuul网关

柔情只为你懂 2022-01-21 07:11 459阅读 0赞

引入依赖

  1. <dependency>
  2.             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  3.             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
  4.         </dependency>

1.启动类中注解 @EnableZuulProxy
2.配置转发规则
在这里插入图片描述

默认去除前缀，访问的路径会从path后直接拼接
但是有个问题，服务路径写死了，没有引入负载均衡等
所以不推荐路由规则中写URL 应该写入service ID

引入eureka：

在这里插入图片描述
这样访问可以由注册中心来调度服务

可以简化route为 “服务名:拦截规则”的形式

  1. zuul:
  2.     routes:
  3.     user-service: /user-service/**

在使用Zuul的过程中，上面讲述的规则已经大大的简化了配置项。但是当服务较多时，配置也是比较繁琐的。因此Zuul就指定了默认的路由规则：

  • 默认情况下，一切服务的映射路径就是服务名本身。

    • 例如服务名为：user-service，则默认的映射路径就是：/user-service/**

也就是说，刚才的映射规则我们完全不配置也是OK.

另外routes里面有一个prefix属性 指定路由前缀

eg：

  1. zuul:
  2.     prefix: /api       #路径/api/user-service/user/1将会被代理到/user-service/user/1

不想对外暴露的服务，可以设置一个set

  1. zuul:
  2.     ignored-services: 
  3.     - customer-serviece
  4.     - hello-service

去除前缀

默认是去除后拼接路径，
strip-prefix属性可以设置为false将原访问path直接接到url或者转发服务上，该属性可以全局配置

过滤器

ZuulFilter是父类，内含4个主要方法

  1. String filterType();//过滤器类型
  2. int filterOrder();//过滤器优先级
  3. boolean shouldFilter();//是否过滤
  4. object run() throws ZuulException;//过滤逻辑

filterType分为4种 pre前置、post后置、error异常、routing路由时执行
在这里插入图片描述
pre用到的最多，多用于身份校验、限流等

拿到request的方法可以参照ZuulFilter的其他前置拦截实现类

  1. RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
  2. HttpServletRequest req = ctx.getRequest(); // 2) 从上下文中获取request对象
  3. String token = req.getParameter("access-token");// 3) 从请求中获取token

拿到token再进行判断

自定义过滤器判断access-token登录filter的Demo代码：

  1. package cn.vivi.filter;
  3. import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
  4. import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
  5. import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
  6. import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  7. import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties;
  8. import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
  9. import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
  10. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
  12. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  14. @Component
  15. public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter {
  16.     @Override
  17.     public String filterType() {
  18.         return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
  19.     }
  21.     @Override
  22.     public int filterOrder() {
  23.         return FilterConstants.PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER - 1;
  24.     }
  26.     @Override
  27.     public boolean shouldFilter() {
  28.         return true;
  29.     }
  31.     @Override
  32.     public Object run() throws ZuulException {
  33.         RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
  34.         HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();
  35.         String token = request.getParameter("access-token");
  36.         if(StringUtils.isBlank(token)){
  37. //            未登录则拦截 默认为ture放行
  38.             currentContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
  39. //            返回403
  40.             currentContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN.value());
  41.         }
  42.         return null;
  43.     }
  44. }

StringUtils源自于

  1. <dependency>
  2.             <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
  3.             <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
  4.         </dependency>

可以用于快速判null及空

另外需要设置白名单，在shouldFilter判断是否进行拦截检查，不是所有页面都需要身份验证。

Zuul集成的负载均衡及熔断

  1. zuul:
  2.   retryable: true
  3. ribbon:
  4.   ConnectTimeout: 250 # 连接超时时间(ms)
  5.   ReadTimeout: 2000 # 通信超时时间(ms)
  6.   OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true # 是否对所有操作重试
  7.   MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2 # 同一服务不同实例的重试次数
  8.   MaxAutoRetries: 1 # 同一实例的重试次数
  9. hystrix:
  10.   command:
  11.     default:
  12.       execution:
  13.         isolation:
  14.           thread:
  15.             timeoutInMilliseconds: 6000 #超时时长

ribbon的超时时长=(ConnectTimeout+ReadTimeout) * (MaxAutoRetriesNextServer+1)* ( MaxAutoRetries+1)
默认(ConnectTimeout+ReadTimeout)*2
hystrix的熔断时长应大于ribbon的timeout。

zuul对各个服务实现了负载均衡，但是为了保证zuul的高可用，必须将Zuul做成集群，但是用户不能直接调用集群，所以在zuul之上还需要nginx来做zuul的负载均衡，nginx可以利用ip漂移

以下报错信息是由于
版本升级到Dalston.SR4之后feign使用hystrix时启动报如上错误
解决办法：引入hystrix依赖包，不然找不到hystrix-contrib包

  1. java.lang.IllegalStateException: Error processing condition on org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration.propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer
  2.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.SpringBootCondition.matches(SpringBootCondition.java:64) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  3.     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(ConditionEvaluator.java:108) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  4.     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:180) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  5.     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:141) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  6.     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java:117) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  7.     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.processConfigBeanDefinitions(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:328) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  8.     at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.java:233) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  9.     at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:271) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  10.     at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:91) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  11.     at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:694) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  12.     at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:532) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  13.     at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:140) ~[spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  14.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:762) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  15.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:398) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  16.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:330) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  17.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1258) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  18.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1246) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  19.     at com.vivi.DgItemApplication.main(DgItemApplication.java:10) [classes/:na]
  20. Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect Class [org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration] from ClassLoader [sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2]
  21.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:659) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  22.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:556) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  23.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:541) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  24.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getUniqueDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:599) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  25.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.getTypeForFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:718) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  26.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.determineTargetType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:659) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  27.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.predictBeanType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:627) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  28.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1489) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  29.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1012) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  30.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry.addBeanTypeForNonAliasDefinition(BeanTypeRegistry.java:180) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  31.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry.addBeanTypeForNonAliasDefinition(BeanTypeRegistry.java:160) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  32.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry.addBeanType(BeanTypeRegistry.java:153) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  33.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry.updateTypesIfNecessary(BeanTypeRegistry.java:215) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  34.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.BeanTypeRegistry.getNamesForType(BeanTypeRegistry.java:115) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  35.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.collectBeanNamesForType(OnBeanCondition.java:265) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  36.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getBeanNamesForType(OnBeanCondition.java:254) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  37.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getMatchingBeans(OnBeanCondition.java:196) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  38.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition.getMatchOutcome(OnBeanCondition.java:116) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  39.     at org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.SpringBootCondition.matches(SpringBootCondition.java:47) ~[spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  40.     ... 17 common frames omitted
  41. Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/netflix/hystrix/contrib/javanica/aop/aspectj/HystrixCommandAspect
  42.     at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  43.     at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  44.     at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  45.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:641) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  46.     ... 35 common frames omitted
  47. Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.aop.aspectj.HystrixCommandAspect
  48.     at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  49.     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  50.     at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  51.     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  52.     ... 39 common frames omitted
  54. 2019-07-03 11:08:05.485  INFO 9268 --- [           main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@3561c410: startup date [Wed Jul 03 11:08:05 CST 2019]; parent: org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1189dd52
  55. 2019-07-03 11:08:05.486  WARN 9268 --- [           main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Unable to close ApplicationContext
  57. java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect Class [org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCircuitBreakerConfiguration] from ClassLoader [sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2]
  58.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:659) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  59.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:556) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  60.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:541) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  61.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getUniqueDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:599) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  62.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.getTypeForFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:718) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  63.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.determineTargetType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:659) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  64.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.predictBeanType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:627) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  65.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1489) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  66.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doGetBeanNamesForType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:419) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  67.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:389) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  68.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeansOfType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:510) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  69.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeansOfType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:502) ~[spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  70.     at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBeansOfType(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1198) ~[spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  71.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.getExitCodeFromMappedException(SpringApplication.java:892) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  72.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.getExitCodeFromException(SpringApplication.java:878) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  73.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.handleExitCode(SpringApplication.java:864) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  74.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.handleRunFailure(SpringApplication.java:813) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  75.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:341) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  76.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1258) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  77.     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1246) [spring-boot-2.0.4.RELEASE.jar:2.0.4.RELEASE]
  78.     at com.vivi.DgItemApplication.main(DgItemApplication.java:10) [classes/:na]
  79. Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/netflix/hystrix/contrib/javanica/aop/aspectj/HystrixCommandAspect
  80.     at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  81.     at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  82.     at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  83.     at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:641) ~[spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar:5.0.8.RELEASE]
  84.     ... 20 common frames omitted
  85. Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.aop.aspectj.HystrixCommandAspect
  86.     at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  87.     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  88.     at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  89.     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[na:1.8.0_131]
  90.     ... 24 common frames omitted
  92. <dependency>
  93.     <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
  94.     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
  95. </dependency>

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