【笔试】Microsoft 2013实习生招聘笔试题及解答

绝地灬酷狼 2022-01-21 04:07 213阅读 0赞

***题目是自己做的，求拍砖***

1.      Which of the following callingconvension(s) support(s) support variable length parameter(e.g. printf)? (3Points)

A.     cdecl            B. stdcall           C.pascal          D.     fastcall

***分析：***<来自百科>

\_\_cdecl 是C Declaration的缩写（declaration，声明），表示C语言默认的函数调用方法：所有参数从右到左依次入栈，这些参数由调用者清除，称为手动清栈。被调用函数不会要求调用者传递多少参数，调用者传递过多或者过少的参数，甚至完全不同的参数都不会产生编译阶段的错误。

\_stdcall 是StandardCall的缩写，是C++的标准调用方式：所有参数从右到左依次入栈，如果是调用类成员的话，最后一个入栈的是this指针。这些堆栈中的参数由被调用的函数在返回后清除，使用的指令是 retnX，X表示参数占用的字节数，CPU在ret之后自动弹出X个字节的堆栈空间。称为自动清栈。函数在编译的时候就必须确定参数个数，并且调用者必须严格的控制参数的生成，不能多，不能少，否则返回后会出错。

PASCAL 是Pascal语言的函数调用方式，也可以在C/C++中使用，参数压栈顺序与前两者相反。返回时的清栈方式与\_stdcall相同。

\_fastcall是编译器指定的快速调用方式。由于大多数的函数参数个数很少，使用堆栈传递比较费时。因此\_fastcall通常规定将前两个（或若干个）参数由寄存器传递，其余参数还是通过堆栈传递。不同编译器编译的程序规定的寄存器不同。返回方式和\_stdcall相当。

\_thiscall 是为了解决类成员调用中this指针传递而规定的。\_thiscall要求把this指针放在特定寄存器中，该寄存器由编译器决定。VC使用ecx，Borland的C++编译器使用eax。返回方式和\_stdcall相当。

\_fastcall 和 \_thiscall涉及的寄存器由编译器决定，因此不能用作跨编译器的接口。所以Windows上的COM对象接口都定义为\_stdcall调用方式。

2.      What’s the output of thefollowing code?(3 Points)

class A
    {
    public:
               virtual void f()
               {
                        cout<<”A::f()”<<endl;
               }
               void f()const
               {
                        cout<<”A::f()const”<<endl;
               }
    };
    
     
    
    class B : public A
    {
    public:
               void f()
               {
                        cout<<”B::f()”<<endl;
               }
               void f() const
               {
                        cout<<”B::f()const”<<endl;
               }
    };
    
    void g(const A* a)
    {
               a->f();
    }
    
    int main()
    {
               A* a = newB();
               a->f();
               g(a);
               delete a;
    }

A:  B::f() B::f() const               B:     B::f()  A::f() const              C:   A::f()  B::f() const         D: A::f()  A::f() const

3. What is the different between a linked list and an array?

A. Search complexity when both are sorted

B. Dynamically add/remove

C. Random access effficiency

D. Data storage type

4. About the Thread and Process in Windows, which description(s) is (are) correct:

A. One application in OS must have one Process, but not a necessary to have one Thread.

B. The Process cound have its own Stack but the thread only could share the Stack of its parent Process.

C. Thread must belongs to a Process

D. Thread could change its belongiing Process

5. What is the output of the following code?

{
       int x = 10;
       int y = 10;
       x = x++;
       y = ++y;
       printf("%d,%d\n", x, y);
    }

A. 10, 10            B. 10, 11          C. 11, 10             D. 11. 11

***分析：***该代码为定义，但是结果是D。

6. For the following Java or C\# code

int[][] myArray3 = new int[3][]{
          new int[3]{5,6,2},
          new int[5]{6,9,7,8,3},
          new int[2]{3,2}
    };

what will

myArray3[2][2]

returns?

A. 9            B. 2            C. 6             D. overflow

7. Please choose the right statement about const usage:

A. const int a;  //const integer

B. int const a;  //const integer

C. int const \*a; //a pointer which point to const integer

D. const int \*a; //a const pointer which point to integer

E. int const \*a;  //a const pointer which point to integer

8. Given the following code:

#include <iostream>
    class A
    {
    public:
         long a;
    };
    class B : public A
    {
          long b;
    };
    void seta(A* data, int idx)
    {
          data[idx].a = 2;
    }
    
    int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
    {
          B data[4];
          
          for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
          {
                data[i].a = 1;
                data[i].b = 1;
                seta(data, i);
          }
    
          for(int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
          {
               std::cout<<data[i].a<<data[i].b;
          }
    
          return 0;
    }

which is the correct result?

A. 11111111       B. 12121212             C. 11112222         D.21212121

***答案：***22221111

9. 1 of 1000 bottles of water is poisoned which will kill a rat in 1 week if the rat drunk a mount of the water. Given the bottles of water have no visual difference, how many rats are needed at least to find the poisoned one in 1 week?

A. 9                B. 10              C. 32                    D. 999                  E. None of the above

10. Which of following statement(s) equal(s) value 1 in C programming language?

A. the return value of main function if program ends normally.

B. return (7 & 1);

C. char \*str = "microsoft"; return str == "microsoft";

D. return "microsoft" = "microsoft";

E. None of the above.

11. If you computed 32 bit signed integers F and G from 32 bit signed integers X using F = X/2 and G=(X>>1),and you found F!=G, this implies that

A. There is a complier error          B. X is odd          C. X is negative      D. F - G = 1        E. G - F = 1

12. How  many rectangles you can find from 3\*4 grid?

A.   18               B. 20                C.40                 D 60                  E. None of above is correct

13. One line can split a surface to 2 part, 2 line can split a surface to 4 part. Give 100 lines, no tow parallel lines, no tree lines join at the same point, how many parts can 100 line split?

A. 5051            B. 5053               C. 5510                    D. 5511

***分析：***递推公式：x(n) - x(n-1) = n , x(0) = 1

14. Which of the following sorting algorithm(s) is (are) stable sorting?

A. bubble sort             B. quicksort             C. heap sort             D. merge sort           E. Selection sort

15. Model-View-Controller(MVC) is an architectural pattern that frequently used in web applications. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct:

A. Models often represent data and the business logics needed to manipulate the data in the application

B. A view is a (visual) representation of its model. It renders the model into a form suitable for interaction, typically a user interface element.

C. A controller is the link between a user and the system. It accepts input from the user and instructs the model and a view to perform actions based on that input.

D. The common practice of MVC in web application is, the model receives GET or POST input from user and decides what to do with it, handing over to controller and which hand control to views(HTML- generating components)

E. None of the above

16. We can reover the binary tree if given the ouput of

A. Preorder traversal and inorder traversal

B. Preorder traversal and postorder traversal

C. Inorder traversal and postorder traversal

D. Postorder traversal

17. Given a string with n characters, suppose all the characters are different  from each other, how many different substrings do we have?

A. n+1            B. n^2             C. n(n+1)/2           D. 2^n -1             E. n!

18. Given the following database table, how many rows will the following SQL statement update?

update Books set NumberOfCopies=NumberOfCopies+1 Where AuthorID in
    Select AuthorID from Books
    group by AuthorID
    having sum(NumberOfCopies)<=8

![20130618173355437][]

A. 1             B. 2               C. 3                D. 4                E. 5

19. What is the shortest path between node S and node T, given the graph below? Note: the numbers represent the length of the connected nodes.

![20130618173649609][]

A. 17               B. 18                   C. 19               D. 20                                  E. 21

20. Given a set of N balls and one of which is defective (weighs less than others), you are allowed to weigh with a balance 3 times to find the defective. Which of the following are possible N?

A. 12               B. 16                     C. 20                        D. 24                          E. 28

[20130618173355437]: /images/20220121/16306b80c56e4ff5a08c591736eefac5.png
[20130618173649609]: /images/20220121/de187198f9294c9283aa70d4ecfb9324.png