Kafak Authentication&Authorization

绝地灬酷狼 2022-01-17 03:39 198阅读 0赞

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当kafka中有敏感数据，或者不想kafka中的数据被不可控因素污染的时候，就需要考虑kafka的安全性了，kafka的安全机制主要分为两部分：身份认证（Authentication）和权限控制（Authorization），本文就这两部分进行测试。

## 身份认证（Authentication） ##

Kafka目前支持SSL、SASL/Kerberos、SASL/PLAIN三种认证机制，为例方便维护，以及最小化的性能损失，我们采用SASL/PLAIN这种方式。

### kafka服务端配置 ###

/etc/kafka/server.properties

broker.id=50
    delete.topic.enable=true
    listeners=SASL_PLAINTEXT://10.205.51.50:9092
    advertised.listeners=SASL_PLAINTEXT://10.205.51.50:9092
    security.inter.broker.protocol=SASL_PLAINTEXT
    sasl.enabled.mechanisms=PLAIN
    sasl.mechanism.inter.broker.protocol=PLAIN
    num.network.threads=3
    num.io.threads=8
    socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400
    socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400
    socket.request.max.bytes=104857600
    log.dirs=/var/lib/kafka
    num.partitions=1
    num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1
    log.retention.hours=168
    log.segment.bytes=1073741824
    log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000
    zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181
    zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=6000
    confluent.support.metrics.enable=true
    confluent.support.customer.id=anonymous

ps：security.inter.broker.protocol还可以选择SASL\_SSL模式。

/etc/kafka/kafka\_server\_jaas.conf

KafkaServer {
       org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required
       username="admin"
       password="admin"
       user_admin="admin"
       user_producer="producer"
       user_consumer="consumer"
       user_dalu="dalu";
    };

简单介绍一下jaas的配置，配置定义了四个用户：admin、producer、consumer、dalu。username和password两个配置项是用于broker之间的内部通讯的，在上面的例子中admin是用于broker内部通讯的。user\_\{xxx\}='yyy'配置项才是设置外部通讯用户的，表示定义了一个xxx用户，密码是yyy。具体参照[confluent][]

/usr/bin/kafka-run-class

271 KAFKA_SASL_OPTS='-Djava.security.auth.login.config=/etc/kafka/kafka_server_jaas.conf'
    272 # Launch mode
    273 if [ "x$DAEMON_MODE" = "xtrue" ]; then
    274   nohup $JAVA $KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS $KAFKA_JVM_PERFORMANCE_OPTS $KAFKA_GC_LOG_OPTS $KAFKA_SASL_OPTS $KAFKA_JMX_OPTS $KAFKA_LOG4J_OPTS -cp $CLASSPATH $KAFKA_OPTS "$@" > "$CONSOLE_OUTPUT_FILE" 2>&1 < /dev/null &
    275 else
    276   exec $JAVA $KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS $KAFKA_JVM_PERFORMANCE_OPTS $KAFKA_GC_LOG_OPTS $KAFKA_SASL_OPTS $KAFKA_JMX_OPTS $KAFKA_LOG4J_OPTS -cp $CLASSPATH $KAFKA_OPTS "$@"
    277 fi

### 服务端创建test2 topic ###

kafka-topics --create --zookeeper 10.205.51.50 --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1 --topic test2

### kafka客户端配置(以dalu用户进行连接) ###

/etc/kafka/kafka\_client\_jaas.conf

KafkaClient {
      org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required
      username="dalu"
      password="dalu";
    };

/usr/bin/kafka-run-class

271 KAFKA_SASL_OPTS='-Djava.security.auth.login.config=/etc/kafka/kafka_client_jaas.conf'
    272 # Launch mode
    273 if [ "x$DAEMON_MODE" = "xtrue" ]; then
    274   nohup $JAVA $KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS $KAFKA_JVM_PERFORMANCE_OPTS $KAFKA_GC_LOG_OPTS $KAFKA_SASL_OPTS $KAFKA_JMX_OPTS $KAFKA_LOG4J_OPTS -cp $CLASSPATH $KAFKA_OPTS "$@" > "$CONSOLE_OUTPUT_FILE" 2>&1 < /dev/null &
    275 else
    276   exec $JAVA $KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS $KAFKA_JVM_PERFORMANCE_OPTS $KAFKA_GC_LOG_OPTS $KAFKA_SASL_OPTS $KAFKA_JMX_OPTS $KAFKA_LOG4J_OPTS -cp $CLASSPATH $KAFKA_OPTS "$@"
    277 fi

/etc/kafka/\{producer.properties,consumer.properties\}追加以下内容

security.protocol=SASL_PLAINTEXT
    sasl.mechanism=PLAIN

### kafka客户端连接 ###

原始方法启动producer：

kafka-console-producer --broker-list 10.205.51.50:9092 --topic test2

![193406_oUI9_123777.jpg][]

可以看到当启动命令后，出现了大量的无法连接到服务端的状况，下面我们以认证方法启动：

kafka-console-producer --broker-list 10.205.51.50:9092 --topic test2 --producer.config /etc/kafka/producer.properties

![195846_PM3x_123777.jpg][]

启动consumer：

kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server 10.205.51.50:9092 --topic test2 --consumer.config /etc/kafka/consumer.properties

![195911_RMtx_123777.jpg][]

## 权限控制（Authorization） ##

kafka自带的ACL机制，可以针对topic的访问权限进行细化。

### kafka服务端配置 ###

/etc/kafka/server.properties

broker.id=50
    delete.topic.enable=true
    listeners=SASL_PLAINTEXT://10.205.51.50:9092
    advertised.listeners=SASL_PLAINTEXT://10.205.51.50:9092
    security.inter.broker.protocol=SASL_PLAINTEXT
    sasl.enabled.mechanisms=PLAIN
    sasl.mechanism.inter.broker.protocol=PLAIN
    authorizer.class.name=kafka.security.auth.SimpleAclAuthorizer
    super.users=User:admin
    num.network.threads=3
    num.io.threads=8
    socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400
    socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400
    socket.request.max.bytes=104857600
    log.dirs=/var/lib/kafka
    num.partitions=1
    num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1
    log.retention.hours=168
    log.segment.bytes=1073741824
    log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000
    zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181
    zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=6000
    confluent.support.metrics.enable=true
    confluent.support.customer.id=anonymous

在访问控制的基础上增加authorizer.class.name=kafka.security.auth.SimpleAclAuthorizer，super.users=User:admin两行配置。

为用户 producer 在 test（topic）上添加写的权限

kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181 --add --allow-principal User:producer --operation Write --topic test

为用户 consumer 在 test（topic）上添加写的权限

kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181 --add --allow-principal User:consumer --operation Read --topic test

对于 topic 为 test 的消息队列，拒绝来自 ip 为10.205.51.48账户为dalu进行 read 操作，其他用户都允许

kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181 --add --allow-principal User:* --allow-host * --deny-principal User:dalu --deny-host 10.205.51.48 --operation Read --topic test

为dalu添加all，以允许来自 ip 为10.205.51.49或者10.205.51.48的读写请求

kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181 --add --allow-principal User:dalu --allow-host 10.205.51.49 --allow-host 10.205.51.48 --operation Read --operation Write --topic test

ps：以上四种方法都能很好的对topic进行权限控制，不过在生产环境中部署如此严格的策略，对于维护者来说，也是一项很烦恼的事，在非如此安全的策略下，我们可以使用角色权限。

查看test2 topic当前权限

kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181 --list --topic test2

![201748_NPrJ_123777.jpg][]

为producer用户赋权

kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181 --add --allow-principal User:producer --producer --topic test2

![202112_E0JR_123777.jpg][]

为consumer用户赋权

kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181 --add --allow-principal User:consumer --consumer --topic test -group test-group

![202126_DKNS_123777.jpg][]

查看test2 topic当前权限

kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=10.205.51.50:2181 --list --topic test2

![202211_ymBY_123777.jpg][]

producer用户的客户端发送信息

kafka-console-producer --broker-list 10.205.51.50:9092 --topic test2 -producer.config /etc/kafka/producer.properties

![202738_yXLz_123777.jpg][]

确保consumer用户的客户端配置文件中group.id是之前申请的id：/etc/kafka/consumer.properties

#consumer group id
    group.id=test-group

consumer用户的客户端接收消息

kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server 10.205.51.50:9092 --topic test2 --consumer.config /etc/kafka/consumer.properties --from-beginning

![202946_j6Ih_123777.jpg][]

ps：不太好的方面是，当你以dalu用户消费/生产test2 topic的时候，虽然无法正常运行，但是系统没有任何报错，不太友好。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/guol/blog/823209

[80_]: https://my.oschina.net/u/2663968/blog/3051541
[hot3.png]: /images/20220117/8b9dd01140a54491b8959505f66343fd.png
[confluent]: https://docs.confluent.io/current/kafka/sasl.html#sasl-configuration-for-kafka-brokers
[193406_oUI9_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/193406_oUI9_123777.jpg
[195846_PM3x_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/195846_PM3x_123777.jpg
[195911_RMtx_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/195911_RMtx_123777.jpg
[201748_NPrJ_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/201748_NPrJ_123777.jpg
[202112_E0JR_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/202112_E0JR_123777.jpg
[202126_DKNS_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/202126_DKNS_123777.jpg
[202211_ymBY_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/202211_ymBY_123777.jpg
[202738_yXLz_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/202738_yXLz_123777.jpg
[202946_j6Ih_123777.jpg]: https://static.oschina.net/uploads/space/2017/0111/202946_j6Ih_123777.jpg