Ingress 控制器

清疚 2022-01-15 23:43 271阅读 0赞

[2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> ][2019_Python_] ![hot3.png][]

## 什么是Ingress ##

在Kubernetes v1.1中添加的Ingress公开了从集群外部到集群内[服务的][Link 1] HTTP和HTTPS路由 。流量路由由Ingress资源上定义的规则控制。

internet | [ Ingress ] --|-----|-- [ Services ]

Ingress可以配置为提供服务外部可访问的URL，负载平衡流量，终止SSL，并提供基于名称的虚拟主机。一个[入口控制器][Link 2]负责履行入口，通常与负载均衡器，虽然它也可以配置您的边缘路由器或额外的前端，以帮助处理流量。

Ingress不会暴露任意端口或协议。将除HTTP和HTTPS之外的服务暴露给互联网通常使用[Service.Type = NodePort][Service.Type _ NodePort]或 [Service.Type = LoadBalancer][Service.Type _ LoadBalancer]类型的服务。

对比nodeport方式：

Ingress：

1 支持七层负载代理

2 支持自定义Service访问策略

3 只支持基于域名的访问

4 支持Tls

nodport方式需要规划端口

Ingress官方文档：

https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/blob/master/docs/deploy/index.md

Ingress架构图

![f5b173b461e86cfb6d5b5105c8a48eda357.jpg][]

获取Ingress yaml文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/mandatory.yaml

修改配置文件

vim mandatory.yaml 
    
            prometheus.io/port: "10254"
            prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
        spec:
          hostNetwork: true   需要添加
          serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
          containers:
            - name: nginx-ingress-controller

运行Ingress

kubectl create -f mandatory.yaml

Ingress 规则是通过域名做分发到后面的service,然后通过service转发到真是pod。

把 service  deployment  ingress 规则 写在一个配置文件中

将deployment service ingress规则写入到一个配置文件中
    
    [root@master-1 ingress]# cat nginx-deploy-service-ingress.yaml 
    #定义nginx deployment的service
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata: 
      name: nginx-service
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      ports:
      - name: http
        port: 8080
        targetPort: 80
      selector:
        app: nginx
    
    ---
    #定义nginx的deployment
    apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      replicas: 3
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: nginx
      template:
          metadata:
            labels:
              app: nginx
          spec:
            containers:
            - name: nginx
              image: nginx:1.10
              ports:
              - containerPort: 80
    ---
    #定义ingress规则关联nginx service将规则写入到ingress 控制器
    apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: nginx-ingress-test
      annotations:
        kuberbetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    spec:
      rules:
      - host: foo.bar.com
        http:
          paths:
          - path: /
            backend:
              serviceName: nginx-service
              servicePort: 8080
    
    
    kubectl apply -f nginx-deploy-service-ingress.yaml

查看创建ingress控制器
    # kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx
    NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    nginx-ingress-controller-76f9fddcf8-sfqhc   1/1     Running   0          104s
    
    查看为deployment 创建的service
    # kubectl get svc 
    NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
    kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP    3d2h
    nginx-service   ClusterIP   10.103.204.39   <none>        8080/TCP   91s
    
    查看为service创建的ingress
    # kubectl get ingress
    NAME                 HOSTS         ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
    nginx-ingress-test   foo.bar.com             80      62s
    
    查看为service创建的ingress的详细描述
    # kubectl describe  ingress nginx-ingress-test
    Name:             nginx-ingress-test
    Namespace:        default
    Address:          
    Default backend:  default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
    Rules:
      Host         Path  Backends
      ----         ----  --------
      foo.bar.com  
                   /   nginx-service:8080 (10.244.1.3:80,10.244.2.3:80,10.244.2.4:80)
    Annotations:
      kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:  {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kuberbetes.io/ingress.class":"nginx"},"name":"nginx-ingress-test","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"foo.bar.com","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"nginx-service","servicePort":8080},"path":"/"}]}}]}}
    
      kuberbetes.io/ingress.class:  nginx
    Events:
      Type    Reason  Age   From                      Message
      ----    ------  ----  ----                      -------
      Normal  CREATE  106s  nginx-ingress-controller  Ingress default/nginx-ingress-test
    
    
    [root@master-1 ingress]# kubectl get pods
    NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    net-test-5764c456cb-kgjbg           1/1     Running   72         3d
    net-test-5764c456cb-pjx4v           1/1     Running   72         3d
    nginx-deployment-5694557fbc-kn7wv   1/1     Running   0          2m51s
    nginx-deployment-5694557fbc-ljpf8   1/1     Running   0          2m51s
    nginx-deployment-5694557fbc-t65qm   1/1     Running   0          2m51s
    
    利用exec 命令将server1 server2 server3 分别echo 三个pod 的/usr/share/html/index.html中
    
    
    查看为service创建的ingress controller所在节点
    
    # kubectl get pod -o wide -n ingress-nginx
    NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP             NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    nginx-ingress-controller-76f9fddcf8-sfqhc   1/1     Running   0          28m   10.10.25.151   node2   <none>           <none>

需要通过域名访问要绑定host

10.10.25.151 foo.bar.com

访问测试:

![1527a67295ffe0c9240558b82e3e823eae6.jpg][]

此时说明已经负载到后端的pod上面

创建https ingress 规则

需要在相关网站生成相关证书或者制作自签证书 但是是不受浏览器信任

使用kubectl进行创建，然后在ingress规则中指定

创建测试☞签证书可能不受浏览器信任
    创建key
    openssl genrsa -out tls.key 2048
    创建crt
    openssl req -new -x509 -key tls.key -out tls.csr -subj /C=CN/ST=Beijing/O=DevOps/CN=hello.foo.com
    创建secret 
    kubectl create secret tls sslexample-foo-com --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key
    查看
    kubectl get secret

Https Ingress规则

cat nginx-https-ingress
    #定义nginx deployment的service
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata: 
      name: nginx-service-https
      labels:
        app: nginx-https
    spec:
      ports:
      - name: http
        port: 8080
        targetPort: 80
      - name: https
        port: 8443
        targetPort: 443
      selector:
        app: nginx-https
    
    ---
    #定义nginx的deployment
    apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: nginx-deployment-https
    spec:
      replicas: 3
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: nginx-https
      template:
          metadata:
            labels:
              app: nginx-https
          spec:
            containers:
            - name: nginx
              image: nginx:1.10
              ports:
              - name: http
                containerPort: 80
              - name: https
                containerPort: 443
    ---
    #定义ingress规则关联nginx service将规则写入到ingress 控制器
    apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: nginx-ingress-test-https
      annotations:
        kuberbetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    spec:
      tls:
      - hosts:
        - hello.foo.com
        secretName: sslexample-foo-com
      rules:
      - host: hello.foo.com 
        http:
          paths:
          - path: /
            backend:
              serviceName: nginx-service-https
              servicePort: 8080
    
    
    kubectl apply -f nginx-https-ingress

同样的更改pod的index.html 文件 分别echo  https-server    https-server2  https-server3

查看创建的相关信息

需要通过域名访问要绑定host

10.10.25.151 hello.foo.com
    浏览器访问 是不安全的,因为直签证书不受浏览器信任
    https://hello.foo.com:443

查看证书颁发者 如下说明是我们做的自签证书

![10151d6046db4ffbc737ff683d8b1a99d0d.jpg][]

注意:如果配置文件里面匹配的证书文件错误，k8s会默认颁发一个自签证书。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/54188zz/blog/3027935

[2019_Python_]: https://my.oschina.net/u/2663968/blog/3061667
[hot3.png]: /images/20220115/fb2995b37d2a4227b7186049f0e18f22.png
[Link 1]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/
[Link 2]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers
[Service.Type _ NodePort]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#nodeport
[Service.Type _ LoadBalancer]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#loadbalancer
[f5b173b461e86cfb6d5b5105c8a48eda357.jpg]: /images/20220115/aac9d0251b474bb4830c1e286ae5fa2e.png
[1527a67295ffe0c9240558b82e3e823eae6.jpg]: /images/20220115/44452708a42a47e8872907e7f51e5139.png
[10151d6046db4ffbc737ff683d8b1a99d0d.jpg]: /images/20220115/a963038d25524e53a575e6041e7c3efa.png