matplotlib.pyplot.plot()参数详解

水深无声 2022-01-10 15:39 207阅读 0赞

plot函数的一般的调用形式：

\#单条线：  
plot(\[x\], y, \[fmt\], data=None, \*\*kwargs)  
\#多条线一起画  
plot(\[x\], y, \[fmt\], \[x2\], y2, \[fmt2\], ..., \*\*kwargs)  
可选参数\[fmt\] 是一个字符串来定义图的基本属性如：颜色（color），点型（marker），线型（linestyle），

具体形式  fmt = '\[color\]\[marker\]\[line\]'

fmt接收的是每个属性的单个字母缩写，例如：

plot(x, y, 'bo-') \# 蓝色圆点实线  
若属性用的是全名则不能用\*fmt\*参数来组合赋值，应该用关键字参数对单个属性赋值如：

plot(x,y2,color='green', marker='o', linestyle='dashed', linewidth=1, markersize=6)

plot(x,y3,color='\#900302',marker='+',linestyle='-')

常见的颜色参数：\*\*Colors\*\*

也可以对关键字参数color赋十六进制的RGB字符串如 color='\#900302'

============= ===============================  
character color  
============= ===============================  
\`\`'b'\`\` blue 蓝  
\`\`'g'\`\` green 绿  
\`\`'r'\`\` red 红  
\`\`'c'\`\` cyan 蓝绿  
\`\`'m'\`\` magenta 洋红  
\`\`'y'\`\` yellow 黄  
\`\`'k'\`\` black 黑  
\`\`'w'\`\` white 白  
============= ===============================  
点型参数\*\*Markers\*\*,如：marker='+' 这个只有简写，英文描述不被识别  
============= ===============================  
character description  
============= ===============================  
\`\`'.'\`\` point marker  
\`\`','\`\` pixel marker  
\`\`'o'\`\` circle marker  
\`\`'v'\`\` triangle\_down marker  
\`\`'^'\`\` triangle\_up marker  
\`\`'<'\`\` triangle\_left marker  
\`\`'>'\`\` triangle\_right marker  
\`\`'1'\`\` tri\_down marker  
\`\`'2'\`\` tri\_up marker  
\`\`'3'\`\` tri\_left marker  
\`\`'4'\`\` tri\_right marker  
\`\`'s'\`\` square marker  
\`\`'p'\`\` pentagon marker  
\`\`'\*'\`\` star marker  
\`\`'h'\`\` hexagon1 marker  
\`\`'H'\`\` hexagon2 marker  
\`\`'+'\`\` plus marker  
\`\`'x'\`\` x marker  
\`\`'D'\`\` diamond marker  
\`\`'d'\`\` thin\_diamond marker  
\`\`'|'\`\` vline marker  
\`\`'\_'\`\` hline marker  
============= ===============================  
线型参数\*\*Line Styles\*\*，linestyle='-'

============= ===============================  
character description  
============= ===============================  
\`\`'-'\`\` solid line style 实线  
\`\`'--'\`\` dashed line style 虚线  
\`\`'-.'\`\` dash-dot line style 点画线  
\`\`':'\`\` dotted line style 点线  
============= ===============================  
样例1

函数原型：matplotlib.pyplot.plot(\*args, scalex=True, scaley=True, data=None, \*\*kwargs)  
>>> plot('xlabel', 'ylabel', data=obj)  
解释：All indexable objects are supported. This could e.g. be a dict, a pandas.DataFame or a structured numpy array.  
data 参数接受一个对象数据类型，所有可被索引的对象都支持，如 dict 等  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
import numpy as np  
'''read file  
fin=open("para.txt")  
a=\[\]  
for i in fin:  
a.append(float(i.strip()))  
a=np.array(a)  
a=a.reshape(9,3)  
'''  
a=np.random.random((9,3))\*2 \#随机生成y  
  
y1=a\[0:,0\]  
y2=a\[0:,1\]  
y3=a\[0:,2\]  
  
x=np.arange(1,10)  
  
ax = plt.subplot(111)  
width=10  
hight=3  
ax.arrow(0,0,0,hight,width=0.01,head\_width=0.1, head\_length=0.3,length\_includes\_head=True,fc='k',ec='k')  
ax.arrow(0,0,width,0,width=0.01,head\_width=0.1, head\_length=0.3,length\_includes\_head=True,fc='k',ec='k')  
  
ax.axes.set\_xlim(-0.5,width+0.2)  
ax.axes.set\_ylim(-0.5,hight+0.2)  
  
plotdict = \{ 'dx': x, 'dy': y1 \}  
ax.plot('dx','dy','bD-',data=plotdict)  
  
ax.plot(x,y2,'r^-')  
ax.plot(x,y3,color='\#900302',marker='\*',linestyle='-')  
  
plt.show()

样例2，

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
import numpy as np  
  
x = np.arange(0, 2\*np.pi, 0.02)  
y = np.sin(x)  
y1 = np.sin(2\*x)  
y2 = np.sin(3\*x)  
ym1 = np.ma.masked\_where(y1 > 0.5, y1)  
ym2 = np.ma.masked\_where(y2 < -0.5, y2)  
  
lines = plt.plot(x, y, x, ym1, x, ym2, 'o')  
\#设置线的属性  
plt.setp(lines\[0\], linewidth=1)  
plt.setp(lines\[1\], linewidth=2)  
plt.setp(lines\[2\], linestyle='-',marker='^',markersize=4)  
\#线的标签  
plt.legend(('No mask', 'Masked if > 0.5', 'Masked if < -0.5'), loc='upper right')  
plt.title('Masked line demo')  
plt.show()

参考自：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat\_36219858/article/details/79800460

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wind666/p/11031962.html