linux的vnc远程桌面的安装

喜欢ヅ旅行 2022-01-10 15:27 506阅读 0赞

VNC 最初由AT&T开发的，它的源代码是开源的。

1.  检查vnc客户端和服务器是否已经安装：

\[root@localhost ~\]\# rpm -q vnc

package vnc is not installed

\[root@localhost ~\]\# rpm -q vnc-server

package vnc-server is not installed

没有安装的话。在光盘里找到rpm包安装

\[root@localhost ~\]\# \[root@localhost ~\]\# mount /dev/cdrom /media/  
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd /media/CentOS/

\[root@localhost CentOS\]\# rpm -ivh vnc-server-4.1.2-14.el5.i386.rpm  
warning: vnc-server-4.1.2-14.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897  
Preparing... \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]

1:vnc-server \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]

\[root@localhost ~\]\# rpm -ivh /mnt/cdrom/CentOS/vnc-4.1.2-9.el5.i386.rpm

Preparing... \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]

1:vnc \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]

这里已经安装成功。

2.  将用户名称加入到配置文件：（/etc/sysconfig/vncservers）  
(注：这里的“用户名”是指linux系统用户的名称)

\# The VNCSERVERS variable is a list of display:user pairs.

\# Uncomment the lines below to start a VNC server on display :2

\# as my 'myusername' (adjust this to your own). You will also

\# need to set a VNC password; run 'man vncpasswd' to see how

\# to do that.

\# DO NOT RUN THIS SERVICE if your local area network is

\# untrusted! For a secure way of using VNC, see

\# <URL:http://www.uk.research.att.com/archive/vnc/sshvnc.html>.

\# Use "-nolisten tcp" to prevent X connections to your VNC server via TCP.

\# Use "-nohttpd" to prevent web-based VNC clients connecting.

\# Use "-localhost" to prevent remote VNC clients connecting except when

\# doing so through a secure tunnel. See the "-via" option in the

\# \`man vncviewer' manual page.

\# VNCSERVERS="2:myusername"

\# VNCSERVERARGS\[2\]="-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -nohttpd -localhost"

VNCSERVERS="1:root"

VNCSERVERARGS\[1\]="-geometry 800x600 "

这里注意一下，默认系统配置里有 –nolisten tcp 和 –nohttpd ，这两个是阻止Xwindows登陆和HTTP方式VNC登陆的，如果需要图形界面，那就删除这部分。

3. 设置密码

\[root@localhost ~\]\# vncpasswd

Password:

Verify:

\[root@localhost ~\]\#

注意这里设置的密码不是root用户的密码，而且我们用vncview客户端登录时的密码。也就是这个vnc软件的密码。

4. 启动VNC服务

\[root@localhost ~\]\# /sbin/service vncserver start  
Starting VNC server: 1:root xauth: creating new authority file /root/.Xauthority

New 'localhost.localdomain:1 (root)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:1

Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup  
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup  
Log file is /root/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:1.log

\[ OK \]  
\[root@localhost ~\]\#

注意：此时在/root/.vnc已经有VNC登陆的启动文件xstartup，和日志文件localhost:1.log。这一步很重要，之后我们才可以修改xstartup这个文件。

5.修改xstartup

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd /root/.vnc/  
\[root@localhost .vnc\]\# vi xstartup   
\#!/bin/sh

\# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:  
\# unset SESSION\_MANAGER  
\# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

\[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup \] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup  
\[ -r $HOME/.Xresources \] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources  
xsetroot -solid grey  
vncconfig -iconic &  
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &  
gnome-session  
\#startkde & \#kde desktop  
\#twm &

注意： 这一步也很重要，如是不修改这个文件的话也连不到桌面，是一片空白，所以要加上相应的桌面的参数。

6.  最后，需要配置一下防火墙，允许VNC客户端连接VNC server。VNC server监听的端口从5900开始，display :1的监听5901，display :2监听5902，以此类推。CentOs的防火墙缺省是不允许连接这些端口的，所以需要使用下面的步骤打开防火墙（需要root权限)：

\[root@localhost ~\]\# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables  
\# Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel  
\# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.  
\*filter  
:INPUT ACCEPT \[0:0\]  
:FORWARD ACCEPT \[0:0\]  
:OUTPUT ACCEPT \[0:0\]  
:RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - \[0:0\]  
\-A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT  
\-A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d 224.0.0.251 -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5900:5903 -j ACCEPT  
\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited  
COMMIT

\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

在此行之前，加上下面的内容：

\-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5900:5903 -j ACCEPT

这句话的含义是，允许其它机器访问本机的5900到5903端口，这样，display:1, display:2, display:3的用户就可以连接到本机。

然后使用root身份重新启动防火墙和VNC：

\[root@localhost ~\]\# /sbin/service iptables restart  
Flushing firewall rules: \[ OK \]  
Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter \[ OK \]  
Unloading iptables modules: \[ OK \]  
Applying iptables firewall rules: \[ OK \]  
Loading additional iptables modules: ip\_conntrack\_netbios\_n\[ OK \]  
\[root@localhost ~\]\# /sbin/service vncserver resatrt  
Usage: /etc/init.d/vncserver \{start|stop|restart|condrestart|status\}  
\[root@localhost ~\]\# /sbin/service vncserver restart  
Shutting down VNC server: 1:root \[ OK \]  
Starting VNC server: 1:root  
New 'localhost.localdomain:1 (root)' desktop is localhost.localdomain:1

Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup  
Log file is /root/.vnc/localhost.localdomain:1.log

\[ OK \]

7. Windows 登陆到VNC Server

Windows  客户端 VNC Viewer 的配置： 1. 从  http://www.realvnc.com/download.html  下载 VNC Free Edition for Windows Version 4.1.2 2. 打开 VNCViewer ： 填入VNCServer 的IP:编号(1或2或...) 3. VNCViewer 切换全屏模式：F8

![z2009428131626.jpg][]

注意我的选项

![p2009428131635.jpg][]

这个密码就是vncpasswd的密码

![m2009428131647.jpg][]

哈哈。已经成功啦。

8 ． 允许VNC server在系统启动过程中被启动。这可以通过“系统设置–>服务器设置–>服务”菜单来配置，把vncserver一项选上就可以了。  
如果使用命令行的话，以root身份运行以下两条命令：

cd  /etc/rc5.d  
mv K35vncserver S35vncserver

另外可以再终端里输入：ntsysv 找到vncserver这项勾上。

9. 如果是在VMware上装的话，还需要这样设置一步

虚拟机——设置——选项——远程显示——启用

密码填不填都行。

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/blanklinux/198778

[z2009428131626.jpg]: http://netsharing.com.cn/p_w_uploads/month_0904/z2009428131626.jpg
[p2009428131635.jpg]: http://netsharing.com.cn/p_w_uploads/month_0904/p2009428131635.jpg
[m2009428131647.jpg]: http://netsharing.com.cn/p_w_uploads/month_0904/m2009428131647.jpg