CentOS下安装gcc /g++ /gfortran /g77 编译器

朱雀 2022-01-07 14:21 1861阅读 0赞

**以前用的Ubuntu较多，最近刚刚接触CentOS，感觉两个版本的差别还是较大的。[http://hxhg.gxu.edu.cn/lsq/?act=article&code=detail&cid=67&id=52][http_hxhg.gxu.edu.cn_lsq_act_article_code_detail_cid_67_id_52]  
  
完全新手入门的角度，学习CentOS..版本centos 6.2  x86\_64  
  
  
由于手头有CentOS 6.2的安装光盘，所以采用的是rpm包来安装gcc编译器，这样免去来下载安装包的步骤。。（其他的安装方法还有待学习）  
  
1.a:将DVD光盘插入光驱,   b:将所需的rpm包拷贝到系统某个目录下(需要哪些后面有讲);  
  
2.a,b两种方式选一个,并cd到放置rpm软件包的目录下;  
  
    以a方法为例，插入光盘后 : cd /media/CentOS\_6.2\_Final/Packages  
  
    注：CentOS 6.0以后，这些rpm都是在光盘目录下的Packages目录下，6.0以前好像是在Server文件夹下  
  
    ps：不能确定rpm包名称的时候，或者想要下载rpm包的时候，强烈推荐大家用google搜索，因为至少在搜索   rpm包、安装源这方面，百度是个渣渣  
  
3.开始安装，命令如下，顺序一定不能出错：  
  
$$个人建议可以先切换到root用户，不然可能会遇到权限问题：su root 输入密码......$$  
  
  
rpm -ivh kernel-headers-2.6.32-220.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
 rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.12-1.47.el6.x86\_64.rpm --force --nodeps  
  
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6.x86\_64.rpm --force --nodeps  
  
rpm -ivh libgomp-4.4.6-3.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
 rpm -ivh mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
 rpm -ivh cpp-4.4.6-3.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
rpm -ivh ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
rpm -ivh cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
 rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-3.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
  
rpm –ivh后面的就是需要的rpm软件包，英文字母应该是和我一样的，但是数字可能不容，因为版本号不一样  
  
这样gcc编译器安装完成。  
  
输入 gcc -v 会显示安装的版本  
  
使用内建 specs。  
目标：x86\_64-redhat-linux  
配置为：../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-\_\_cxa\_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch\_32=i686 --build=x86\_64-redhat-linux  
线程模型：posix  
gcc 版本 4.4.6 20110731 (Red Hat 4.4.6-3) (GCC)  
  
  
安装完成gcc后发现 gcc -v 和g++ -v都能显示，唯独gfortran -v时显示 gfortran命令没有找到，说明gfortran没有安装。  
命令安装如下：  
 (1)命令安装gcc  
      yum install gcc  
（2）安装g++  
      yum install gcc-c++  
结果显示gcc-c++已被成功安装，所以这样运行安装gfortran应该也不会出现问题  
  (3)安装gfortran  
      yum install gcc-gfortran  
  然后一路yes。。  
运行gfortran -v 显示安装版本。。成功。。  
  
  
补充g77的安装。。  
  
依旧是在/media/CentOS\_6.2\_Final/Packages目录下：  
   
\[root@TTWORKTEAM Packages\]\# yum search g77  
结果显示：  
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security  
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  
 \* base: mirrors.btte.net  
 \* extras: mirrors.btte.net  
 \* updates: mirrors.btte.net  
=============================== N/S Matched: g77 ===============================  
compat-gcc-34-g77.x86\_64 : Fortran 77 support for compatibility compiler  
  
  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.  
  
可以看到有一个软件包compat-gcc-34-g77.x86\_64为g77编译器 ，命令安装如下：  
  
\[root@TTWORKTEAM Packages\]\# yum install compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64.rpm  
过程显示：（一直选择Y，默认安装。。。）  
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security  
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  
 \* base: mirrors.btte.net  
 \* extras: mirrors.btte.net  
 \* updates: mirrors.btte.net  
Setting up Install Process  
Examining compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64.rpm: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64  
Marking compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64.rpm to be installed  
Resolving Dependencies  
\--> Running transaction check  
\---> Package compat-gcc-34-g77.x86\_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6 will be installed  
\--> Processing Dependency: compat-gcc-34 = 3.4.6-19.el6 for package: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: compat-libf2c-34 = 3.4.6-19.el6 for package: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libg2c.so.0()(64bit) for package: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Running transaction check  
\---> Package compat-gcc-34.x86\_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6 will be installed  
\---> Package compat-libf2c-34.x86\_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6 will be installed  
\--> Finished Dependency Resolution  
  
Dependencies Resolved  
  
================================================================================  
 Package           Arch   Version      Repository                          Size  
================================================================================  
Installing:  
 compat-gcc-34-g77 x86\_64 3.4.6-19.el6 /compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64  
                                                                          5.9 M  
Installing for dependencies:  
 compat-gcc-34     x86\_64 3.4.6-19.el6 base                               3.7 M  
 compat-libf2c-34  x86\_64 3.4.6-19.el6 base                                51 k  
  
Transaction Summary  
================================================================================  
Install       3 Package(s)  
  
Total size: 9.6 M  
Total download size: 3.8 M  
Installed size: 19 M  
Is this ok \[y/N\]: y  
Downloading Packages:  
(1/2): compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64.rpm             | 3.7 MB     00:00      
(2/2): compat-libf2c-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64.rpm          |  51 kB     00:00      
\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
Total                                           7.2 MB/s | 3.8 MB     00:00      
Running rpm\_check\_debug  
Running Transaction Test  
Transaction Test Succeeded  
Running Transaction  
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.  
  Installing : compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64                            1/3  
  Installing : compat-libf2c-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64                         2/3  
  Installing : compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86\_64                        3/3  
  
Installed:  
  compat-gcc-34-g77.x86\_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6                                        
  
Dependency Installed:  
  compat-gcc-34.x86\_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6   compat-libf2c-34.x86\_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6   
  
Complete!  
  
安装完成，用命令g77 -v检测安装是否成功和查看安装路径。  
  
\[root@TTWORKTEAM Packages\]\# g77 -v  
从 /usr/lib/gcc/x86\_64-redhat-linux/3.4.6/specs 读取 specs  
配置为：../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --disable-checking --with-system-zlib --enable-\_\_cxa\_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-languages=c,c++,f77 --disable-libgcj --host=x86\_64-redhat-linux  
线程模型：posix  
gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-19.el6)**

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