java二维码生成技术

待我称王封你为后i 2021-12-21 11:25 246阅读 0赞

## java二维码生成技术 ##

自从微信扫描出世，二维码扫描逐渐已经成为一种主流的信息传递和交换方式。下面就介绍一下我学习到的这种二维码生成方式。预计再过不久身份证户口本等都会使用二维码识别了，今天就做一个实验案例；

二维码主要实现这两点：

1.生成任意的二维码。

2.在二维码的中间加入图像。  
一、准备工作。

准备QR二维码3.0 版本的core包和一张jpg图片。  
![在这里插入图片描述][1007372-20180131113300000-1434710418.png]  
下载QR二维码包。

当然你也可以从maven仓库下载jar 包: [http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/][http_central.maven.org_maven2_com_google_zxing_core]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NpbmF0XzM5Njg0MDU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
二、程序设计

1、启动eclipse，新建一个java项目，命好项目名（本例取名为QRCodeSoft）。点下一步：  
![在这里插入图片描述][001EG6RRgy6LoeNPwSKfa_690]  
2、导入zxing.jar 包, 我这里用的是3.0 版本的core包：点击该项目右击  
New——Folder，创建的folder改名为lib  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190627174448712.png]  
core-3.0.0.jar右击build path——add to build path

3、新建两个类，分别是：

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java

QRCodeUtil.java

package com.qrcodesoft;
    
    import java.awt.Graphics2D;
    import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    
    import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
    
    /**
     * 二维码制作
     * 
     * @author 1111
     *
     */
    public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
    
    	private final BufferedImage image;
    	private final int left;
    	private final int top;
    
    	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
    		this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
    	}
    
    	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
    		super(width, height);
    
    		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
    		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
    		if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
    			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
    		}
    
    		for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
    			for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
    				if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
    					image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
    				}
    			}
    		}
    
    		this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
    		this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
    		this.left = left;
    		this.top = top;
    	}
    
    	public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
    		if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
    			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
    		}
    		int width = getWidth();
    		if (row == null || row.length < width) {
    			row = new byte[width];
    		}
    		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
    		return row;
    	}
    
    	public byte[] getMatrix() {
    		int width = getWidth();
    		int height = getHeight();
    		int area = width * height;
    		byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
    		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
    		return matrix;
    	}
    
    	public boolean isCropSupported() {
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
    		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
    	}
    
    	public boolean isRotateSupported() {
    		return true;
    	}
    
    	public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
    		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
    		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
    		AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
    		BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
    		Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
    		g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
    		g.dispose();
    		int width = getWidth();
    		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
    	}
    }

package com.qrcodesoft;
    
    import java.awt.BasicStroke;
    import java.awt.Graphics;
    import java.awt.Graphics2D;
    import java.awt.Image;
    import java.awt.Shape;
    import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
    import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.util.Hashtable;
    import java.util.Random;
    
    import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
    
    import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
    import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
    import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
    import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
    import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
    import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
    import com.google.zxing.Result;
    import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
    import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
    import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
    
    /**
     * 二维码生成的工具类
     * 
     * @author 1111
     *
     */
    public class QRCodeUtil {
    	
    	//二维码编码格式
    	private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
    	//二维码的图片格式
    	private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "PNG";
    	// 二维码尺寸
    	private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
    	// LOGO宽度
    	private static final int WIDTH = 60;
    	// LOGO高度
    	private static final int HEIGHT = 60;
    
    	private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    		Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
    		hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
    		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
    		hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
    		BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE,
    				hints);
    		int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
    		int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
    		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    		for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
    			for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
    				image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
    			}
    		}
    		if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
    			return image;
    		}
    		// 插入图片
    		QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
    		return image;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 插入LOGO
    	 * 
    	 * @param source
    	 *            二维码图片
    	 * @param imgPath
    	 *            LOGO图片地址
    	 * @param needCompress
    	 *            是否压缩
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    		File file = new File(imgPath);
    		if (!file.exists()) {
    			System.err.println("" + imgPath + "   该文件不存在！");
    			return;
    		}
    		Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
    		int width = src.getWidth(null);
    		int height = src.getHeight(null);
    		if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
    			if (width > WIDTH) {
    				width = WIDTH;
    			}
    			if (height > HEIGHT) {
    				height = HEIGHT;
    			}
    			Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
    			BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    			Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
    			g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
    			g.dispose();
    			src = image;
    		}
    		// 插入LOGO
    		Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
    		int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
    		int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
    		graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
    		Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
    		graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
    		graph.draw(shape);
    		graph.dispose();
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
    	 * 
    	 * @param content
    	 *            内容
    	 * @param imgPath
    	 *            LOGO地址
    	 * @param destPath
    	 *            存放目录
    	 * @param needCompress
    	 *            是否压缩LOGO
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
    		mkdirs(destPath);
    		String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999) + ".png";
    		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath + "/" + file));
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
    	 * 
    	 * @param destPath
    	 *            存放目录
    	 */
    	public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
    		File file = new File(destPath);
    		// 当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
    		if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
    			file.mkdirs();
    		}
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
    	 * 
    	 * @param content
    	 *            内容
    	 * @param imgPath
    	 *            LOGO地址
    	 * @param destPath
    	 *            存储地址
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception {
    		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成二维码
    	 * 
    	 * @param content
    	 *            内容
    	 * @param destPath
    	 *            存储地址
    	 * @param needCompress
    	 *            是否压缩LOGO
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static void encode(String content, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成二维码
    	 * 
    	 * @param content
    	 *            内容
    	 * @param destPath
    	 *            存储地址
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
    		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
    	 * 
    	 * @param content
    	 *            内容
    	 * @param imgPath
    	 *            LOGO地址
    	 * @param output
    	 *            输出流
    	 * @param needCompress
    	 *            是否压缩LOGO
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress)
    			throws Exception {
    		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
    		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成二维码
    	 * 
    	 * @param content
    	 *            内容
    	 * @param output
    	 *            输出流
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception {
    		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 解析二维码
    	 * 
    	 * @param file
    	 *            二维码图片
    	 * @return
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
    		BufferedImage image;
    		image = ImageIO.read(file);
    		if (image == null) {
    			return null;
    		}
    		BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
    		BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
    		Result result;
    		Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>();
    		hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
    		result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
    		String resultStr = result.getText();
    		return resultStr;
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 解析二维码
    	 * 
    	 * @param path
    	 *            二维码图片地址
    	 * @return
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
    		return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
    	}
    }

package com.qrcodesoft;
    
    /**
     * 主方法
     * 
     * @author 1111
     *
     */
    public class ActionQR {
    
    	/**
    	 * 生成不带logo的二维码或者生成带logo的二维码（唯一的区别是，在前面的基础上指定了logo的地址，这里测试都用了C盘的图片文件）
    	 * 
    	 * @param args
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
    		//https://m.tb.cn/h.egbwlop?sm=ca5a7b
    		String text = "https://h5.juyixingcheng.com/commodityDetail?commodityId=21862&from=singlemessage";
    
    		QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "", "D:/JAVA", true);
    
    	}
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NpbmF0XzM5Njg0MDU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
**扫码就是本人的博客**

[1007372-20180131113300000-1434710418.png]: /images/20211221/8b779364190e4772b7534a6e72a349fb.png
[http_central.maven.org_maven2_com_google_zxing_core]: http://central.maven.org/maven2/com/google/zxing/core/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NpbmF0XzM5Njg0MDU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211221/64b4a80c665d463d81eb25a4fed14733.png
[001EG6RRgy6LoeNPwSKfa_690]: /images/20211221/6d478f95cab24cf682d22973019d35ba.png
[20190627174448712.png]: /images/20211221/61be2f7ce08c472089305b14f93e55a2.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NpbmF0XzM5Njg0MDU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190627180754527.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NpbmF0XzM5Njg0MDU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70