Requests模块简单入门

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2021-12-20 22:41 254阅读 0赞

#HTTP请求类型
    #get类型
    r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
    #post类型
    r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")
    #put类型
    r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")
    #delete类型
    r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")
    #head类型
    r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")
    #options类型
    r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")
    
    #获取响应内容
    print r.content #以字节的方式去显示，中文显示为字符
    print r.text #以文本的方式去显示
    
    #URL传递参数
    payload = {'keyword': '日本', 'salecityid': '2'}
    r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload) 
    print r.url #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=日本
    
    #获取/修改网页编码
    r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
    print r.encoding
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    
    #json处理
    r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
    print r.json() #需要先import json    
    
    #定制请求头
    url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
    headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}
    r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)
    print r.request.headers
    
    #复杂post请求
    url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
    payload = {'some': 'data'}
    r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict，需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下
    
    #post多部分编码文件
    url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
    files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
    r = requests.post(url, files=files)
    
    #响应状态码
    r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
    print r.status_code
        
    #响应头
    r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
    print r.headers
    print r.headers['Content-Type']
    print r.headers.get('content-type') #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式
        
    #Cookies
    url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
    r = requests.get(url)
    r.cookies['example_cookie_name']    #读取cookies
        
    url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'
    cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
    r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies
    
    #设置超时时间
    r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)
    
    #设置访问代理
    proxies = {
               "http": "http://10.10.10.10:8888",
               "https": "http://10.10.10.100:4444",
              }
    r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

### 4、Requests示例 ###

**json请求**

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

1 #!/user/bin/env python
     2 #coding=utf-8
     3 import requests
     4 import json
     5 
     6 class url_request():
     7     def __init__(self):
     8             """ init """    
     9 
    10 if __name__=='__main__':
    11     headers = {'Content-Type' : 'application/json'}
    12     payload = {'CountryName':'中国',
    13                'ProvinceName':'陕西省',
    14                'L1CityName':'汉中',
    15                'L2CityName':'城固',
    16                'TownName':'',
    17                'Longitude':'107.33393',
    18                'Latitude':'33.157131',
    19                'Language':'CN'
    20                }
    21     r = requests.post("http://www.xxxxxx.com/CityLocation/json/LBSLocateCity",headers=headers,data=payload)
    22     #r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    23     data=r.json()
    24     if r.status_code!=200:
    25         print "LBSLocateCity API Error " + str(r.status_code)
    26     print data['CityEntities'][0]['CityID'] #打印返回json中的某个key的value
    27     print data['ResponseStatus']['Ack']
    28     print json.dumps(data,indent=4,sort_keys=True,ensure_ascii=False) #树形打印json，ensure_ascii必须设为False否则中文会显示为unicode

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

**xml请求**

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

#!/user/bin/env python
    #coding=utf-8
    import requests
    
    class url_request():
        def __init__(self):
                """ init """    
    
    if __name__=='__main__':
        
        headers = {'Content-type': 'text/xml'}
        XML = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soap:Body><Request xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"><jme><JobClassFullName>WeChatJSTicket.JobWS.Job.JobRefreshTicket,WeChatJSTicket.JobWS</JobClassFullName><Action>RUN</Action><Param>1</Param><HostIP>127.0.0.1</HostIP><JobInfo>1</JobInfo><NeedParallel>false</NeedParallel></jme></Request></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>'
        url = 'http://jobws.push.mobile.xxxxxxxx.com/RefreshWeiXInTokenJob/RefreshService.asmx'
        r = requests.post(url,headers=headers,data=XML)
        #r.encoding = 'utf-8'
        data = r.text
        print data

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

### 5、参考文档 ###

[http://cn.python-requests.org/en/latest/][http_cn.python-requests.org_en_latest]

[http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart.html][http_docs.python-requests.org_en_latest_user_quickstart.html]

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/daluozi/p/9569132.html

[copycode.gif]: /images/20211220/696de5c58299437fac7b6b1e7dde286a.png
[http_cn.python-requests.org_en_latest]: http://cn.python-requests.org/en/latest/
[http_docs.python-requests.org_en_latest_user_quickstart.html]: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart.html