hbase 2.1 环境搭建--独立模式 Standalone Mode

绝地灬酷狼 2021-12-11 18:17 242阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  概述
 *  jdk
 *  hbase 配置
 *  启动
 *  使用\`hbase shell\`命令行操作hbase
 *   *  新建表
     *  新增记录
     *  查看记录
     *  删除记录
     *  启用禁用表
     *  删除表
     *  退出shell
 *  停止HBase

# 概述 #

本节介绍hbase的2.1版本的搭建过程。  
hbase有三种模式：

*  独立模式
 *  伪分布式
 *  完全分布式

本文讲述独立模式

参考：[hbase官方文档][hbase]

# jdk #

环境配置：  
centos 1511  
hbase-2.1.5  
jdk8（hbase2以上的版本要求jdk8）

安装步骤：

*  下载jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz，上传到Linux服务器。
 *  tar -zxf jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java
 *  配置环境变量

vi /etc/profile
    
    
    添加以下内容：
    
    JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
    JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/jre
    CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib
    PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
    export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH

输入source /etc/profile生效。

# hbase 配置 #

*  下载`hbase-2.1.5-bin.tar.gz`，上传到Linux服务器，解压到`/opt`目录下。然后进入conf目录

cd /opt/hbase-2.1.5/conf

*  编辑`hbase-env.sh`文件，设置java\_home

# The java implementation to use.  Java 1.8+ required.
    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131

*  编辑`hbase-site.xml`，配置hbase和zk数据存放的目录。

`hbase-site.xml`是hbase的主配置文件。我们这里只是指定zk和hbase文件存放的目录。默认情况下会存储在`/tmp`目录下，很多服务器在重启以后，`/tmp`目录的内容会被删除。

<configuration>
      <property>
        <name>hbase.rootdir</name>
        <value>file:///opt/hbase-2.1.5/data/hbase</value>
      </property>
      <property>
        <name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
        <value>/opt/hbase-2.1.5/data/zk</value>
      </property>
      <property>
        <name>hbase.unsafe.stream.capability.enforce</name>
        <value>false</value>
        <description>
          Controls whether HBase will check for stream capabilities (hflush/hsync).
    
          Disable this if you intend to run on LocalFileSystem, denoted by a rootdir
          with the 'file://' scheme, but be mindful of the NOTE below.
    
          WARNING: Setting this to false blinds you to potential data loss and
          inconsistent system state in the event of process and/or node failures. If
          HBase is complaining of an inability to use hsync or hflush it's most
          likely not a false positive.
        </description>
      </property>
    </configuration>

> 上述目录不需要我们手动创建，hbase会自动创建。注意 ： hbase.rootdir 这里我们使用的是`file://`开头的文件路径描述，表示使用的是本地文件系统。要在现有的HDFS实例上安装HBase，请将hbase.rootdir设置为指向您实例上的目录：例如，hdfs：//namenode.example.org：8020/hbase。这个我后续会介绍。

# 启动 #

*  执行`start-hbase.sh`命令启动服务

[root@localhost bin]# cd /opt/hbase-2.1.5/bin
    [root@localhost bin]# ./start-hbase.sh 
    running master, logging to /opt/hbase-2.1.5/bin/../logs/hbase-root-master-localhost.localdomain.out

启动成功会提示`running master`。

*  `hbase shell`命令连接hbase

[root@localhost bin]# ./hbase shell
    2019-07-09 01:12:20,464 WARN  [main] util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
    HBase Shell
    Use "help" to get list of supported commands.
    Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell.
    For Reference, please visit: http://hbase.apache.org/2.0/book.html#shell
    Version 2.1.5, r0ba7cc01a13dbb7fec8e6c5d599fc8b4936bae61, Tue May 28 22:25:02 UTC 2019
    Took 0.0018 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):001:0> status
    1 active master, 0 backup masters, 1 servers, 0 dead, 2.0000 average load

`status`检查状态。可以看到只有一个master，0个从服务器

看一下应用进程：

[root@localhost bin]# jps
    50723 HMaster
    51003 Main
    66831 Jps

> 在独立模式下，HBase在单个JVM中运行所有守护进程，即HMaster，单个HRegionServer和ZooKeeper守护进程。  
> 请注意，表名、行、列都必须用引号字符括起来。

# 使用`hbase shell`命令行操作hbase #

## 新建表 ##

语法：`create <table>, {NAME => <family>, VERSIONS => <VERSIONS>}`  
例：创建表user，有两个列族（column family），分别是 user，role，且保存历史版本数为3。则建表语句为：

hbase(main):031:0> create 'user',{NAME => 'user', VERSIONS => 3},{NAME => 'role', VERSIONS => 3}
    Created table user
    Took 0.7562 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    => Hbase::Table - user

还有简单写法，这里新建一张表，表名是test，列族名称是cf (表名称和ColumnFamily名称是必须指定的)。并且使用`list`命令查看有哪些表。

hbase(main):002:0> create 'test', 'cf'
    Created table test
    Took 0.8278 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    => Hbase::Table - test
    hbase(main):003:0> list 'test'
    TABLE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
    test                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
    1 row(s)
    Took 0.0310 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    => ["test"]
    hbase(main):005:0> list
    TABLE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
    test                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
    1 row(s)
    Took 0.0104 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    => ["test"]
    hbase(main):006:0> describe 'test'
    Table test is ENABLED                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
    test                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
    COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
    {NAME => 'cf', VERSIONS => '1', EVICT_BLOCKS_ON_CLOSE => 'false', NEW_VERSION_BEHAVIOR => 'false', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', CACHE_DATA_ON_WRITE => 'false', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILT
    ER => 'ROW', CACHE_INDEX_ON_WRITE => 'false', IN_MEMORY => 'false', CACHE_BLOOMS_ON_WRITE => 'false', PREFETCH_BLOCKS_ON_OPEN => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536'}                                                               
    1 row(s)
    Took 0.1471 seconds

## 新增记录 ##

语法：`put <table>,<rowkey>,<family:column>,<value>,<timestamp>`

hbase(main):007:0> put 'test', 'row1', 'cf:a', 'value1'
    Took 0.0983 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):008:0> put 'test', 'row2', 'cf:b', 'value2'
    Took 0.0151 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):009:0> put 'test', 'row3', 'cf:c', 'value3'
    Took 0.0137 seconds

## 查看记录 ##

scan :扫描记录  
语法：`scan <table>, {COLUMNS => [ <family:column>,.... ], LIMIT => num}`

hbase(main):010:0> scan 'test'
    ROW                                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                                                                            
     row1                                                               column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1                                                                                                                                                     
     row2                                                               column=cf:b, timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2                                                                                                                                                     
     row3                                                               column=cf:c, timestamp=1562660123872, value=value3                                                                                                                                                     
    3 row(s)
    Took 0.0426 seconds
    
    
    hbase(main):016:0> scan 'test',{LIMIT=>2}
    ROW                                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                                                                            
     row1                                                               column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1                                                                                                                                                     
     row2                                                               column=cf:b, timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2                                                                                                                                                     
    2 row(s)
    Took 0.0280 seconds

查找记录get  
语法：`get <table>,<rowkey>,[<family:column>,....]`

hbase(main):017:0> get 'test', 'row2'
    COLUMN                                                              CELL                                                                                                                                                                                                   
     cf:b                                                               timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2                                                                                                                                                                  
    1 row(s)
    Took 0.0204 seconds
    
    hbase(main):022:0> get 'test', 'row1', ['cf:a']
    COLUMN                                                              CELL                                                                                                                                                                                                   
     cf:a                                                               timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1                                                                                                                                                                  
    1 row(s)
    Took 0.0069 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):023:0> get 'test', 'row1', ['cf:a1']
    COLUMN                                                              CELL                                                                                                                                                                                                   
    0 row(s)
    Took 0.0049 seconds

## 删除记录 ##

delete  
语法：`delete <table>, <rowkey>, <family:column> , <timestamp>,必须指定列名`

hbase(main):038:0> scan 'test'
    ROW                                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                                                                            
     row1                                                               column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1                                                                                                                                                     
     row2                                                               column=cf:b, timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2                                                                                                                                                     
     row3                                                               column=cf:c, timestamp=1562660123872, value=value3                                                                                                                                                     
    3 row(s)
    Took 0.0144 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):039:0> delete 'test' , 'row2', 'cf:b'
    Took 0.0125 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):040:0> scan 'test'
    ROW                                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                                                                            
     row1                                                               column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1                                                                                                                                                     
     row3                                                               column=cf:c, timestamp=1562660123872, value=value3                                                                                                                                                     
    2 row(s)
    Took 0.0148 seconds

## 启用禁用表 ##

`disable` 命令

hbase(main):011:0> disable 'test'
    Took 0.8021 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):012:0> scan 'test'
    ROW                                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                                                                            
    org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotEnabledException: test is disabled.
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionImplementation.relocateRegion(ConnectionImplementation.java:732)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas.getRegionLocations(RpcRetryingCallerWithReadReplicas.java:328)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerCallable.prepare(ScannerCallable.java:139)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerCallableWithReplicas$RetryingRPC.prepare(ScannerCallableWithReplicas.java:399)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RpcRetryingCallerImpl.callWithRetries(RpcRetryingCallerImpl.java:105)
    	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultBoundedCompletionService$QueueingFuture.run(ResultBoundedCompletionService.java:80)
    	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    
    ERROR: Table test is disabled!
    
    For usage try 'help "scan"'
    
    Took 0.3767 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):013:0> enable 'test'
    Took 0.7543 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):014:0> scan 'test'
    ROW                                                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                                                                                                            
     row1                                                               column=cf:a, timestamp=1562660115488, value=value1                                                                                                                                                     
     row2                                                               column=cf:b, timestamp=1562660120094, value=value2                                                                                                                                                     
     row3                                                               column=cf:c, timestamp=1562660123872, value=value3                                                                                                                                                     
    3 row(s)
    Took 0.0449 seconds

## 删除表 ##

想删除`drop`表，必须要先禁用`disable`表

hbase(main):041:0> drop 'test'
    
    ERROR: Table test is enabled. Disable it first.
    
    For usage try 'help "drop"'
    
    Took 0.0128 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):042:0> disable 'test'
    Took 0.4629 seconds                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
    hbase(main):043:0> drop 'test'
    Took 0.5456 seconds

## 退出shell ##

要退出HBase Shell并断开与群集的连接，使用`quit`命令。  
注意，这只是退出了shell，HBase仍然在后台运行。

# 停止HBase #

使用`stop-hbase.sh`命令停止hbase服务。这可能会需要几分钟时间。

[root@localhost bin]# ./stop-hbase.sh 
    stopping hbase..........................................................................

[hbase]: https://hbase.apache.org/book.html#quickstart