C++ 获取键盘事件

野性酷女 2021-12-11 15:51 729阅读 0赞

原文地址：[https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/c-get-keycode.html][https_www.runoob.com_w3cnote_c-get-keycode.html]

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**一   Windows 系统下的 vs 中可以使用 \_kbhit() 函数来获取键盘事件，使用时需要加入 conio.h 头文件，例：**

#include <conio.h>
    #include <iostream>
     
    using namespace std;
     
    int main()
    {
        int ch;
        while (1)
        {
            if (_kbhit())
            {
                //如果有按键按下，则_kbhit()函数返回真
                ch = _getch();//使用_getch()函数获取按下的键值
                cout << ch;
                if (ch == 27){ break; }//当按下ESC时循环，ESC键的键值时27.
            }
        }
        system("pause");
    }

--------------------

**二   在 Unix/Linux 下，并没有提供 kbhit() 函数。我们可以自己来实现 kbhit() 程序。**

#include <stdio.h>
    #include <termios.h>
     
    static struct termios initial_settings, new_settings;
    static int peek_character = -1;
    void init_keyboard(void);
    void close_keyboard(void);
    int kbhit(void);
    int readch(void); 
    void init_keyboard()
    {
        tcgetattr(0,&initial_settings);
        new_settings = initial_settings;
        new_settings.c_lflag |= ICANON;
        new_settings.c_lflag |= ECHO;
        new_settings.c_lflag |= ISIG;
        new_settings.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
        new_settings.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
        tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &new_settings);
    }
     
    void close_keyboard()
    {
        tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &initial_settings);
    }
     
    int kbhit()
    {
        unsigned char ch;
        int nread;
     
        if (peek_character != -1) return 1;
        new_settings.c_cc[VMIN]=0;
        tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &new_settings);
        nread = read(0,&ch,1);
        new_settings.c_cc[VMIN]=1;
        tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &new_settings);
        if(nread == 1) 
        {
            peek_character = ch;
            return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }
     
    int readch()
    {
        char ch;
     
        if(peek_character != -1) 
        {
            ch = peek_character;
            peek_character = -1;
            return ch;
        }
        read(0,&ch,1);
        return ch;
    }
     
    int main()
    {
        init_keyboard();
        while(1)
        {
            kbhit();
            printf("\n%d\n", readch());
        }
        close_keyboard();
        return 0;
    }

--------------------

**三  键盘 Key Code 对照表**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="8"><strong>字母和数字键的键码值(keyCode)</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>A</td> 
   <td>65</td> 
   <td>J</td> 
   <td>74</td> 
   <td>S</td> 
   <td>83</td> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>49</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>B</td> 
   <td>66</td> 
   <td>K</td> 
   <td>75</td> 
   <td>T</td> 
   <td>84</td> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>50</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>C</td> 
   <td>67</td> 
   <td>L</td> 
   <td>76</td> 
   <td>U</td> 
   <td>85</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>51</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>D</td> 
   <td>68</td> 
   <td>M</td> 
   <td>77</td> 
   <td>V</td> 
   <td>86</td> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>52</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>E</td> 
   <td>69</td> 
   <td>N</td> 
   <td>78</td> 
   <td>W</td> 
   <td>87</td> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>53</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>F</td> 
   <td>70</td> 
   <td>O</td> 
   <td>79</td> 
   <td>X</td> 
   <td>88</td> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>54</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>G</td> 
   <td>71</td> 
   <td>P</td> 
   <td>80</td> 
   <td>Y</td> 
   <td>89</td> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>55</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>H</td> 
   <td>72</td> 
   <td>Q</td> 
   <td>81</td> 
   <td>Z</td> 
   <td>90</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>56</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>I</td> 
   <td>73</td> 
   <td>R</td> 
   <td>82</td> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>48</td> 
   <td>9</td> 
   <td>57</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="4"><strong>数字键盘上的键的键码值(keyCode)</strong></td> 
   <td colspan="4"><strong>功能键键码值(keyCode)</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>0</td> 
   <td>96</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>104</td> 
   <td>F1</td> 
   <td>112</td> 
   <td>F7</td> 
   <td>118</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td>97</td> 
   <td>9</td> 
   <td>105</td> 
   <td>F2</td> 
   <td>113</td> 
   <td>F8</td> 
   <td>119</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td>98</td> 
   <td>*</td> 
   <td>106</td> 
   <td>F3</td> 
   <td>114</td> 
   <td>F9</td> 
   <td>120</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td>99</td> 
   <td>+</td> 
   <td>107</td> 
   <td>F4</td> 
   <td>115</td> 
   <td>F10</td> 
   <td>121</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td>100</td> 
   <td>Enter</td> 
   <td>108</td> 
   <td>F5</td> 
   <td>116</td> 
   <td>F11</td> 
   <td>122</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td>101</td> 
   <td>-</td> 
   <td>109</td> 
   <td>F6</td> 
   <td>117</td> 
   <td>F12</td> 
   <td>123</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td>102</td> 
   <td>.</td> 
   <td>110</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td>103</td> 
   <td>/</td> 
   <td>111</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="8"><strong>控制键键码值(keyCode)</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>BackSpace</td> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td>Esc</td> 
   <td>27</td> 
   <td>Right Arrow</td> 
   <td>39</td> 
   <td>-_</td> 
   <td>189</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Tab</td> 
   <td>9</td> 
   <td>Spacebar</td> 
   <td>32</td> 
   <td>Dw Arrow</td> 
   <td>40</td> 
   <td>.&gt;</td> 
   <td>190</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Clear</td> 
   <td>12</td> 
   <td>Page Up</td> 
   <td>33</td> 
   <td>Insert</td> 
   <td>45</td> 
   <td>/?</td> 
   <td>191</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Enter</td> 
   <td>13</td> 
   <td>Page Down</td> 
   <td>34</td> 
   <td>Delete</td> 
   <td>46</td> 
   <td>`~</td> 
   <td>192</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Shift</td> 
   <td>16</td> 
   <td>End</td> 
   <td>35</td> 
   <td>Num Lock</td> 
   <td>144</td> 
   <td>[{ </td> 
   <td>219</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Control</td> 
   <td>17</td> 
   <td>Home</td> 
   <td>36</td> 
   <td>;:</td> 
   <td>186</td> 
   <td>/|</td> 
   <td>220</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Alt</td> 
   <td>18</td> 
   <td>Left Arrow</td> 
   <td>37</td> 
   <td>=+</td> 
   <td>187</td> 
   <td>]}</td> 
   <td>221</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Cape Lock</td> 
   <td>20</td> 
   <td>Up Arrow</td> 
   <td>38</td> 
   <td>,&lt;</td> 
   <td>188</td> 
   <td>'"</td> 
   <td>222</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td colspan="8"><strong>多媒体键码值(keyCode)</strong></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
   <td>按键</td> 
   <td>键码</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>音量加</td> 
   <td>175</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>音量减</td> 
   <td>174</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>停止</td> 
   <td>179</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>静音</td> 
   <td>173</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>浏览器</td> 
   <td>172</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>邮件</td> 
   <td>180</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>搜索</td> 
   <td>170</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>收藏</td> 
   <td>171</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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