Elasticsearch match和term查询的区别

末蓝、 2021-12-07 11:57 379阅读 0赞

## 区别 ##

**match**  
全文搜索, 通常用于对text类型字段的查询,会对进行查询的文本先进行分词操作,如下图  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190716201231579.png]  
**term**  
精确查询,通常用于对keyword和有精确值的字段进行查询,不会对进行查询的文本进行分词操作,精确匹配,如下图  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190716201423855.png]

## 实例说明 ##

1.  新建索引
2.  添加数据
3.  测试分词效果
4.  测试match查询
5.  测试term查询

**新建索引**  
添加一个text类型的字段,使用ik\_max\_word分析器

PUT /testquery
    {
      "mappings": {
        "books":{
          "properties": { 
            "bookName":{
              "type":"text",
              "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

**添加数据**

POST /testquery/books
    {
      "bookName":"Java编程思想"
    }

**测试分词效果**

GET /_analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
      "text": ["Java编程思想"]
    }

结果

{
      "tokens": [
        {
          "token": "java",
          "start_offset": 0,
          "end_offset": 4,
          "type": "ENGLISH",
          "position": 0
        },
        {
          "token": "编程",
          "start_offset": 4,
          "end_offset": 6,
          "type": "CN_WORD",
          "position": 1
        },
        {
          "token": "思想",
          "start_offset": 6,
          "end_offset": 8,
          "type": "CN_WORD",
          "position": 2
        }
      ]
    }

所以,Java编程思想 实际分词效果如下  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190716202229173.png]  
**测试match查询,进行分词操作**  
查询 Java

先看看 Java 的分词效果

GET /_analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
      "text": ["Java"]
    }

{
      "tokens": [
        {
          "token": "java",
          "start_offset": 0,
          "end_offset": 4,
          "type": "ENGLISH",
          "position": 0
        }
      ]
    }

存在, 所以是可以查询到的

POST /testquery/books/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "bookName": "Java"
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 60,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "testquery",
            "_type": "books",
            "_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
              "bookName": "Java编程思想"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

查询 Java思想  
查看分词效果

GET /_analyze
    {
      "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
      "text": ["Java思想"]
    }

{
      "tokens": [
        {
          "token": "java",
          "start_offset": 0,
          "end_offset": 4,
          "type": "ENGLISH",
          "position": 0
        },
        {
          "token": "思想",
          "start_offset": 4,
          "end_offset": 6,
          "type": "CN_WORD",
          "position": 1
        }
      ]
    }

存在, 所以也是可以查询到的

POST /testquery/books/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "bookName": "Java思想"
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 2,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.5753642,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "testquery",
            "_type": "books",
            "_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL",
            "_score": 0.5753642,
            "_source": {
              "bookName": "Java编程思想"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

**测试term查询, 不进行分词操作**  
查询 java  
查看上面的分词结果, java是在分词结果中的,所以可以查询到

POST /testquery/books/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "term": {
          "bookName": "java"
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 7,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "testquery",
            "_type": "books",
            "_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
              "bookName": "Java编程思想"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

查询 Java  
Java不在上面的分词结果中, 结果当然就查询不到

POST /testquery/books/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "term": {
          "bookName": "Java"
        }
      }
    }

{
      "took": 0,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 0,
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
      }
    }

[20190716201231579.png]: /images/20211207/5be8906a92c24840b046ed3ca314403a.png
[20190716201423855.png]: /images/20211207/8382902bddea414394335a2195f88622.png
[20190716202229173.png]: /images/20211207/d5cbc59d394e4cdb8bd1572f61dd939b.png