Docker实践（五）docker部署MySQL5.7

今天药忘吃喽~ 2021-12-03 13:19 584阅读 0赞

**目录**

1，安装

2，选择镜像

3，下载镜像。

4，准备部署

5，创建并启动

6，测试

--------------------

使用docker容器部署mysql5.7

### 1，安装 ###

没有docker，首先安装docker，参照[Docker简单实践（一）][Docker]安装Docker

### 2，选择镜像 ###

远程搜索docker hub上的mysql镜像。

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 mysql]# docker search mysql
    NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
    mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   8397                [OK]                
    mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   2886                [OK]                
    mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   625                                     [OK]
    percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   438                 [OK]                
    centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   60                                      [OK]
    centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   59                                      
    mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   47                                      
    deitch/mysql-backup               Automated and scheduled mysql database dumps…   39                                      [OK]
    tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   32                                      
    schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   28                                      [OK]
    bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      27                                      [OK]
    linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   21                                      
    prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              20                                      [OK]
    centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   15                                      
    circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13                                      
    mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   12                                      
    arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      10                                      [OK]
    yloeffler/mysql-backup            This image runs mysqldump to backup data usi…   6                                       [OK]
    openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6                                       
    fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   4                                       [OK]
    genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  2                                       [OK]
    jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   1                                       
    monasca/mysql-init                A minimal decoupled init container for mysql    0                                       
    widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   0                                       [OK]
    ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                0                                       [OK]

### 3，下载镜像。 ###

在docker hub上查看镜像版本，选择要安装的镜像版本。下载docker镜像，本次示例部署mysql5.7，如下：

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 mysql]# docker pull mysql:5.7

### 4，准备部署 ###

创建conf，data，logs目录分别用来存放mysql配置，mysql数据，mysql日志

mkdir conf
    mkdir data
    mkdir logs

进入conf目录，写入mysql配置如下，mysql配置可根据需要自定义，下文的配置只是一个示例。

[mysqld]
    #
    # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
    # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
    # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #
    # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
    # changes to the binary log between backups.
    # log_bin
    #
    # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
    # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
    # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
    # join_buffer_size = 128M
    # sort_buffer_size = 2M
    # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    
    lower_case_table_names=1

### 5，创建并启动 ###

退出conf目录，使用如下命令创建并启动mysql容器。

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 mysql]# docker run -itd --name="mysql" -p3307:3306 -v$PWD/conf/:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v$PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -v$PWD/logs:/var/log -eMYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="mysql"  mysql:5.7

其中命令各部分的意义分别是：

*  docker run：创建并启动应用
 *  \-i：开启容器的标准输入STDIN
 *  \-t：容器分配伪终端，用于再终端登录容器
 *  \-d：后台运行容器
 *  \--name：容器名称
 *  \-p3307:3306：打开容器的3306端口并且映射到本机的3307端口
 *  \-v$PWD/conf/:/etc/mysql/conf.d，挂载($PWD)当前目录下的conf目录到容器的/etc/mysql/conf.d目录
 *  v$PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql，挂载($PWD)当前目录下的data目录到容器的/var/lib/mysql目录
 *   -v$PWD/logs:/var/log，挂载($PWD)当前目录下的logs目录到容器的/var/log/目录
 *  \-eMYSQL\_ROOT\_PASSWORD="mysql"，增加环境变量MYSQL\_ROOT\_PASSWORD，mysql容器创建并启动时，设置mysql的登录密码
 *  mysql:5.7，要创建并启动容器的mysql镜像

命令执行后

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 mysql]# docker run -itd --name="mysql" -p3307:3306 -v$PWD/conf/:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v$PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -v$PWD/logs:/var/log -eMYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="mysql"  mysql:5.7
    e28d933300235197ade2b492f40fc1354c14e9a73d2a56615ddae49886ae5554

查看容器信息

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 mysql]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
    e28d93330023        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   46 seconds ago      Up 44 seconds       33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp   mysql

发现容器已经启动成功

### 6，测试 ###

进入容器终端测试mysql，并进行远程登录权限管理

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 mysql]# docker exec -it e28d93330023 /bin/bash

其中e28d93330023为容器ID，查看容器信息可以获得。

执行命令后进入容器终端

执行mysql -uroot -p命令后输入启动容器时设置的mysql密码，我的密码是mysql，连接mysql数据库成功。

mysql远程登录权限管理

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'mysql'
        -> ;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql>

退出mysql客户端，查看容器的ip地址

root@e28d93330023:/# cat /etc/hosts
    127.0.0.1	localhost
    ::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
    fe00::0	ip6-localnet
    ff00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
    ff02::1	ip6-allnodes
    ff02::2	ip6-allrouters
    172.17.0.2	e28d93330023

或者通过 docker container inspect命令查看容器的详细信息

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 data]# docker container inspect e28d93330023| grep IP
                "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
                "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
                "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
                "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "IPAMConfig": null,
                        "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                        "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                        "IPv6Gateway": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                        "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,

退出容器

使用容器的IP地址再宿主机登录方才启动的mysqlServer。

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 mysql]# mysql -h172.17.0.2 -P3306 -uroot -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.7.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql>

登录成功，docker部署mysql完成。

查看部署目录下的data目录，生成了mysql的数据。

[root@ecs-7bc6-0001 mysql]# cd data
    [root@ecs-7bc6-0001 data]# ls
    auto.cnf  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  client-cert.pem  client-key.pem  ib_buffer_pool  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  ibtmp1  mysql  performance_schema  private_key.pem  public_key.pem  server-cert.pem  server-key.pem  sys

容器停止并且删除后，使用mysql:5.7镜像重新根据上文启动容器，原来产生的mysql数据依然保存完好。

部署完成。

补充：MySQL镜像环境变量

<table style="width:700px;"> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th style="width:279px;">环境变量</th> 
   <th style="width:420px;">备注</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:279px;"><code>MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD</code></td> 
   <td style="width:420px;"><code>此环境变量是必须的，mysql的root超级用户的初始化密码。</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:279px;">MYSQL_DATABASE</td> 
   <td style="width:420px;">此环境变量是可选的，指定容器在创建时要创建的数据库，如果容器创建命令同时指定了用户名/密码，则该用户会被授予该数据库的超级访问权限。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:279px;">MYSQL_USER，MYSQL_PASSWORD</td> 
   <td style="width:420px;">变量可选，用于指定容器在创建时要创建的用户名密码，如果同时指定了数据库，会授予该用户指定数据库的超级访问权限。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:279px;"><code>MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD</code></td> 
   <td style="width:420px;"><code>可选环境变量，指定mysql初始化root用户可以不需要密码就可以登录。</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:279px;"><code>MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD</code></td> 
   <td style="width:420px;"><code>可选环境变量，指定mysql初始化root用户使用随机密码。</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="width:279px;"><code>MYSQL_ONETIME_PASSWORD</code></td> 
   <td style="width:420px;"><code>可选环境变量，指定root在首次登录时强制修改密码。注意不是MYSQL_USER指定的用户。</code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

(完。)(^\_^)

[Docker]: https://blog.csdn.net/weihao_/article/details/82559689