以太坊私网建立、合约编译、部署

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2021-11-29 12:58 356阅读 0赞

## 一、为什么用到私有链？ ##

在以太坊的共有链上部署智能合约、发起交易需要花费以太币。而通过修改配置，可以在本机搭建一套以太坊私有链，因为与公有链没关系，既不用同步公有链庞大的数据，也不用花钱购买以太币，很好地满足了智能合约开发和测试的要求，开发好的智能合约也可以很容易地切换接口部署到以太坊公有链上。

## 二、开源工具和语言 ##

### 1、[brew][]MacOS包管理器 ###

拷贝下面的命令到终端，然后回车。

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

### 2、install Go compiler ###

liyuechun:Downloads yuechunli$ brew install go

### 3、[geth][]运行以太坊节点 ###

下载[Source code (tar.gz)][Source code _tar.gz]

liyuechun:Downloads yuechunli$ cd go-ethereum-1.5.9
    liyuechun:go-ethereum-1.5.9 yuechunli$ pwd
    /Users/liyuechun/Downloads/go-ethereum-1.5.9
    liyuechun:go-ethereum-1.5.9 yuechunli$ make geth

### 4、[Solidity][]以太坊智能合约语言 ###

brew update
    brew upgrade
    brew tap ethereum/ethereum
    brew install solidity
    brew linkapps solidity

**备注：**安装时间可能有点长，请耐心等待...  
**备注：**安装时间可能有点长，请耐心等待...  
**备注：**安装时间可能有点长，请耐心等待...

如果碰见下面的错误，请移步：[http://blog.csdn.net/Sico2Sico/article/details/71082130][http_blog.csdn.net_Sico2Sico_article_details_71082130]

The GitHub credentials in the macOS keychain may be invalid.
    Clear them with:
      printf "protocol=https\nhost=github.com\n" | git credential-osxkeychain erase
    Or create a personal access token:
      https://github.com/settings/tokens/new?scopes=gist,public_repo&description=Homebrew

## 三、建立私链 ##

#### 1. 创建一个文件夹来存储你的私链数据 ####

liyuechun:1015 yuechunli$ mkdir privatechain
    liyuechun:1015 yuechunli$ pwd
    /Users/liyuechun/Desktop/1015
    liyuechun:1015 yuechunli$ ls
    privatechain
    liyuechun:1015 yuechunli$

#### 2. 使用`geth`来加载 ####

geth --networkid 123 --dev --datadir data1 --rpc --rpcaddr 192.168.1.5 --rpcport 8989 --port 3000

**各选项含义如下：**

*  `--identity：`指定节点 ID；
 *  `--rpc：`表示开启 HTTP-RPC 服务；
 *  `--rpcaddr：`HTTP-RPC 服务ip地址；
 *  `--rpcport：`指定 HTTP-RPC 服务监听端口号（默认为 8545）；
 *  `--datadir：`指定区块链数据的存储位置；
 *  `--port：`指定和其他节点连接所用的端口号（默认为 30303）；
 *  `--nodiscover：`关闭节点发现机制，防止加入有同样初始配置的陌生节点。

执行上面的命令，你应该能看到下面的信息：

> INFO \[10-15|03:14:50\] IPC endpoint opened: /Users/liyuechun/Desktop/1015/privchain/geth.ipc  
> INFO \[10-15|03:14:50\] HTTP endpoint opened: http://127.0.0.1:8545

如果你切换到`privchain`文件夹里面，你会看到`geth`, `geth.ipc`, 和 `keystore`。

liyuechun:1015 yuechunli$ cd data1/
    liyuechun:data1 yuechunli$ ls
    geth        geth.ipc    keystore
    liyuechun:data1 yuechunli$

*  保持节点的运行，不要关闭终端，重新打开一个终端，使用`geth attach`连接节点，并且打开`geth console`

liyuechun:privchain yuechunli$ geth attach ipc:/Users/liyuechun/Desktop/1015/privchain/geth.ipc 
    Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
    
    instance: Geth/v1.7.1-stable-05101641/darwin-amd64/go1.9.1
     modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 shh:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
    
    >

这是一个交互式的 JavaScript 执行环境，在这里面可以执行 JavaScript 代码，其中 > 是命令提示符。在这个环境里也内置了一些用来操作以太坊的 JavaScript 对象，可以直接使用这些对象。这些对象主要包括：

*  `eth：`包含一些跟操作区块链相关的方法；
 *  `net：`包含一些查看p2p网络状态的方法；
 *  `admin：`包含一些与管理节点相关的方法；
 *  `miner：`包含启动&停止挖矿的一些方法；
 *  `personal：`主要包含一些管理账户的方法；
 *  `txpool：`包含一些查看交易内存池的方法；
 *  `web3：`包含了以上对象，还包含一些单位换算的方法。

#### 3. 相关api命令 ####

**查看账户**

> personal.listAccounts
    []
    >

**创建账户**

> personal.newAccount('liyuechun') 
    "0xb6d7d842e7dc9016fa6900a183b2be26fc90b2d8"
    >

PS：里面的`liyuechun`是你账户的密码，输入你自己喜欢的密码。

**查看账户**

> personal.listAccounts 
    ["0xb6d7d842e7dc9016fa6900a183b2be26fc90b2d8"]
    >

#### 4. web3命令 ####

[https://ethereumbuilders.gitbooks.io/guide/content/en/ethereum\_javascript\_api.html][https_ethereumbuilders.gitbooks.io_guide_content_en_ethereum_javascript_api.html]

> web3.eth.coinbase 
    "0xb6d7d842e7dc9016fa6900a183b2be26fc90b2d8"
    >

#### 5. 编写智能合约代码 ####

pragma solidity ^0.4.18;
    
    contract test { 
        
        function multiply(uint a) returns(uint d){
            
            return a * 7;
        }
        
    }

#### 6. 获取智能合约字节码和abi ####

代码拷贝到[https://remix.ethereum.org][https_remix.ethereum.org]，编译，然后拷贝字节码和ABI。

*  字节码

6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029

*  ABI

[
      {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [
          {
            "name": "a",
            "type": "uint256"
          }
        ],
        "name": "multiply",
        "outputs": [
          {
            "name": "d",
            "type": "uint256"
          }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "type": "function",
        "stateMutability": "view"
      }
    ]

#### 7. 在bejson中转义成字符串 ####

[http://www.bejson.com][http_www.bejson.com]

[{\"constant\":true,\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"multiply\",\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"payable\":false,\"type\":\"function\",\"stateMutability\":\"view\"}]

#### 7. 通过abi创建合约对象 ####

> var abi = JSON.parse('[{\"constant\":true,\"inputs\":[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"name\":\"multiply\",\"outputs\":[{\"name\":\"d\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"payable\":false,\"type\":\"function\",\"stateMutability\":\"view\"}]')
    > myContract = web3.eth.contract(abi)
    {
      abi: [{
          constant: false,
          inputs: [{...}],
          name: "multiply",
          outputs: [{...}],
          payable: false,
          type: "function"
      }],
      eth: {
        accounts: ["0x2abf46d8b0d940cdeedd55872bc0648add40227d"],
        blockNumber: 384,
        coinbase: "0x2abf46d8b0d940cdeedd55872bc0648add40227d",
        compile: {
          lll: function(),
          serpent: function(),
          solidity: function()
        },
        defaultAccount: undefined,
        defaultBlock: "latest",
        gasPrice: 0,
        hashrate: 0,
        mining: false,
        pendingTransactions: [],
        protocolVersion: "0x3f",
        syncing: false,
        call: function(),
        contract: function(abi),
        estimateGas: function(),
        filter: function(fil, callback),
        getAccounts: function(callback),
        getBalance: function(),
        getBlock: function(),
        getBlockNumber: function(callback),
        getBlockTransactionCount: function(),
        getBlockUncleCount: function(),
        getCode: function(),
        getCoinbase: function(callback),
        getCompilers: function(),
        getGasPrice: function(callback),
        getHashrate: function(callback),
        getMining: function(callback),
        getPendingTransactions: function(callback),
        getProtocolVersion: function(callback),
        getRawTransaction: function(),
        getRawTransactionFromBlock: function(),
        getStorageAt: function(),
        getSyncing: function(callback),
        getTransaction: function(),
        getTransactionCount: function(),
        getTransactionFromBlock: function(),
        getTransactionReceipt: function(),
        getUncle: function(),
        getWork: function(),
        iban: function(iban),
        icapNamereg: function(),
        isSyncing: function(callback),
        namereg: function(),
        resend: function(),
        sendIBANTransaction: function(),
        sendRawTransaction: function(),
        sendTransaction: function(),
        sign: function(),
        signTransaction: function(),
        submitTransaction: function(),
        submitWork: function()
      },
      at: function(address, callback),
      getData: function(),
      new: function()
    }

#### 8. 检查coinbase账号余额 ####

> account1 = web3.eth.coinbase
    "0x2abf46d8b0d940cdeedd55872bc0648add40227d"
    > web3.eth.getBalance(account1)
    0
    >

如果余额大于0，继续，否则，开始挖矿。

> miner.start();
    null
    >

挖矿过程中，切换到节点终端，你会发现一直在挖矿。

![d1afaed768f585a2.gif][] 挖矿

如果你觉得差不多了，可以运行下面的命令停止挖矿。

miner.stop();

#### 9. 停止挖矿，并且查余额 ####

> miner.start();
    null
    > miner.stop();
    true
    > web3.eth.getBalance(account1)
    1.152e+21
    >

#### 10. 解锁coinbase账号，我们通过coinbase账号来付费部署合约 ####

`liyuechun`: 换成你的密码。

> personal.unlockAccount(account1, 'liyuechun') 
    true
    >

#### 11. 预估手续费 ####

> bytecode = "6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029"
    "6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029"
    > web3.eth.estimateGas({data: bytecode})
    Error: invalid argument 0: json: cannot unmarshal hex string without 0x prefix into Go struct field CallArgs.data of type hexutil.Bytes
        at web3.js:3104:20
        at web3.js:6191:15
        at web3.js:5004:36
        at <anonymous>:1:1
    
    > bytecode = "0x6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029"
    "0x6060604052341561000f57600080fd5b5b60ab8061001e6000396000f30060606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029"
    > web3.eth.estimateGas({data: bytecode})
    98391
    >

**备注：**字节码前面需要添加`0x`。手续费大概为```98391``gas```。

#### 12. 部署合约，为了方便理解，设置一个回调函数 ####

> contractInstance = contract.new({data: bytecode, gas: 1000000, from: account1}, function(e, contract){
      if(!e){
        if(!contract.address){
          console.log("Contract transaction send: Transaction Hash: "+contract.transactionHash+" waiting to be mined...");
        }else{
          console.log("Contract mined! Address: "+contract.address);
          console.log(contract);
        }
      }else{
        console.log(e)
      }
    })
    Contract transaction send: Transaction Hash: 0x5e2aebbf400d71a32e807dc3f11f1053b6ee3b2a81435ed8ace2fa54eebb9f3d waiting to be mined...
    {
      abi: [{
          constant: false,
          inputs: [{...}],
          name: "multiply",
          outputs: [{...}],
          payable: false,
          type: "function"
      }],
      address: undefined,
      transactionHash: "0x5e2aebbf400d71a32e807dc3f11f1053b6ee3b2a81435ed8ace2fa54eebb9f3d"
    }
    >

#### 13. 你的合约等待挖矿，开始挖矿，等一会儿，停止 ####

> miner.start()
    null
    > Contract mined! Address: 0xbf8b24283f2516360d3a4ba1db0df78ae74689db
    [object Object]
    > miner.stop()
    true
    >

![d92f2aba95a72198.png][] image

#### 14. 检查合约是否部署成功 ####

> eth.getCode(contractInstance.address)
    "0x60606040526000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff168063c6888fa114603d575b600080fd5b3415604757600080fd5b605b60048080359060200190919050506071565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b60006007820290505b9190505600a165627a7a7230582067d7c851e14e862886b6f53dad6825135557fb3a4b691350c94ea5b80605f6770029"
    >

#### 15. 调用合约方法 ####

> contractInstance.multiply(6)
    42
    >

PS： 这里添加`call`的原因是因为`multiply`函数没有添加`constant`。

pragma solidity ^0.4.4;
    
    contract test {
    
        function multiply(uint a) returns(uint d){
    
            return a * 7;
        }
    
    }

**Over Game!!!!**

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lvdongjie/p/11207406.html

[brew]: https://brew.sh/
[geth]: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Building-Ethereum
[Source code _tar.gz]: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/archive/v1.5.9.tar.gz
[Solidity]: https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/develop/
[http_blog.csdn.net_Sico2Sico_article_details_71082130]: http://blog.csdn.net/Sico2Sico/article/details/71082130
[https_ethereumbuilders.gitbooks.io_guide_content_en_ethereum_javascript_api.html]: https://ethereumbuilders.gitbooks.io/guide/content/en/ethereum_javascript_api.html
[https_remix.ethereum.org]: https://remix.ethereum.org/
[http_www.bejson.com]: http://www.bejson.com/jsonviewernew/
[d1afaed768f585a2.gif]: https://img.meiwen.com.cn/i422094/d1afaed768f585a2.gif
[d92f2aba95a72198.png]: https://img.meiwen.com.cn/i422094/d92f2aba95a72198.png