虚拟机中CentOS7安装Mysql

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2021-11-29 08:42 385阅读 0赞

### 虚拟机中CentOS7安装Mysql ###

*  卸载mariadb
 *  下载
 *  安装
 *   *   *  上传
         *  解压
         *  安装
 *  配置
 *   *   *  修改密码
         *  远程访问权限
 *  测试

# 卸载mariadb #

检查是否安装mariadb，若安装则卸载  
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[root@localhost ~]# 
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
    mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb-server
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
    [root@localhost ~]#

# 下载 #

下载mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86\_64.rpm-bundle.tar，地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html\#downloads  
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登录后可进行下载，如下所示：  
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或者(注意和上面版本差一点)

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

# 安装 #

### 上传 ###

使用xftp上传到“/usr/local/mysql”（rz -be的方法太慢了）  
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### 解压 ###

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
    [root@localhost mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
    
    mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-embedded-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-test-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-devel-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    
    [root@localhost mysql]#

### 安装 ###

只需要安装其中4个即可

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
    [root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

若发生下面报错，则安装net-tool后再装即可

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
    警告：mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    错误：依赖检测失败：
    	net-tools 被 mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64 需要
    
    [root@localhost mysql]# yum install net-tools
    [root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

# 配置 #

为了保证数据库目录为与文件的所有者为 mysql 登陆用户，如果你是以 root 身份运行 mysql 服务，需要执行下面的命令初始化

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

### 修改密码 ###

直接登录会出错，修改文件/etc/my.cnf，后面添加skip-grant-tables，这是表示没有密码可登录，授权跳跃（后面这行还是要去掉的）。

[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
    // 按i进入编辑，末尾添加
    skip-grant-tables
    // 按esc，输入:wq保存病退出；然后重启mysqld服务
    [root@VM_5_17_centos mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld

启动并修改root密码为123456

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -u root
    ...
    mysql> use mysql;
    mysql> select User from user;
    	+---------------+
    	| User          |
    	+---------------+
    	| mysql.session |
    	| mysql.sys     |
    	| root          |
    	+---------------+
    	3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root';
    mysql> flush privileges;
    mysql> quit;
    [root@localhost mysql]#

删除上面的skip-grant-tables，重启服务后，登录成功，如下所示：

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld
    [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
    [root@localhost mysql]# mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 123456
    
    mysql>

### 远程访问权限 ###

mysql> use mysql;
    ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
    mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
    mysql> flush privileges;
    mysql> use mysql;
    mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
    mysql> select host,user from user;
    	+-----------+---------------+
    	| host      | user          |
    	+-----------+---------------+
    	| %         | root          |
    	| localhost | mysql.session |
    	| localhost | mysql.sys     |
    	+-----------+---------------+
    	3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> quit;
    [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld;
    [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

> 最后可以吧/usr/local/mysql文件夹干掉了，没什么用了

# 测试 #

关闭防火墙，再用另外一台电脑上用Navicat for MySQL进行连接，如下所示：

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld;
    [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
    [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl stop firewalld

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3NuZGF5WVU_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
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