爬虫综合大作业

旧城等待， 2021-11-29 04:10 265阅读 0赞

爬虫综合大作业

1.  选择一个热点或者你感兴趣的主题。
2.  选择爬取的对象与范围。
3.  了解爬取对象的限制与约束。
4.  爬取相应内容。
5.  做数据分析与文本分析。
6.  形成一篇文章，有说明、技术要点、有数据、有数据分析图形化展示与说明、文本分析图形化展示与说明。
7.  文章公开发布。

1.**选择主题：**豆瓣电影网，复仇者联盟4 用户评论

![1481748-20190508205727807-966665499.png][]

**　　2.爬取对象：**爬取复仇者联盟4 里的短评

**　　![1481748-20190508210132903-952904342.png][]**

爬取网址规律：每一页的网址都只有改变一个地方 start = (开始为0，每加一页数值加20)

![1481748-20190508210505249-728592075.png][]

![1481748-20190508210608077-2130132347.png][]

3.**了解爬取对象的限制与约束：**在未登录的情况下只能查看到一部分的评论

![1481748-20190508211227475-1614626668.png][]

解决办法：在发送获取网页信息之时把cookie信息也一起发送。

![1481748-20190508232217928-1939351908.png][]

**爬取相应内容：**

**　 ![1481748-20190508233423744-429631786.png][]**

import pandas
    
    import requests
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    import time
    import random
    import re
    
    def getHtml(url):
        cookies = {'PHPSESSID':'Cookie: bid=7iHsqC-UoSo; ap_v=0,6.0; __utma=30149280.1922890802.1557152542.1557152542.1557152542.1;
     __utmc=30149280; __utmz=30149280.1557152542.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none); __utma=223695111.1923787146.1557152542.1557152542.1557152542.1;
     __utmb=223695111.0.10.1557152542; __utmc=223695111; __utmz=223695111.1557152542.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none);
     _pk_ses.100001.4cf6=*; push_noty_num=0; push_doumail_num=0; __utmt=1; __utmv=30149280.19600; ct=y; ll="118281";
     __utmb=30149280.12.9.1557154640902; __yadk_uid=6FEHGUf1WakFoINiOARNsLcmmbwf3fRJ; 
    _vwo_uuid_v2=DE694EB251BD96736CA7C8B8D85C2E9A7|9505affee4012ecfc57719004e3e5789;
     _pk_id.100001.4cf6=1f5148bca7bc0b13.1557152543.1.1557155093.1557152543.; dbcl2="196009385:lRmza0u0iAA"' }
        headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.94 Safari/537.36'}
        req = requests.get(url,headers=headers,cookies=cookies,verify=False);
        req.encoding='utf8'
        soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text,"html.parser")
        return soup;
    
    def getText(soup):
        comment = []
        for pl in soup.select('.comment-item'):
            comment_b = {}
            user=pl.select('.comment-info')[0]('a')[0].text
            look=pl.select('.comment-info')[0]('span')[0].text
            score = pl.select('.comment-info')[0]('span')[1]['title']
            time = pl.select('.comment-time ')[0]['title']
            pNum =  pl.select('.votes')[0].text
            text = pl.select('.short')[0].text
            text2=text.replace('\n', ' ')
            comment_b['用户名']=user
            comment_b['观看情况']=look
            comment_b['评分情况']=score
            comment_b['评论时间']=time
            comment_b['评论']=text2
            comment_b['赞同次数']=pNum
            comment.append(comment_b)
        print('-----------------爬取成功 ',len(comment),' 条----------------')
        return comment;
    
    url = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26100958/comments?start={}&limit=20&sort=new_score&status=P';
    # url=  'https://movie.douban.com/subject/26100958/reviews?start={}'
    comment=[]
    for i in range(25):
        soup=getHtml(url.format(i*20))
        comment.extend(getText(soup))
        time.sleep(random.random() * 3)
        print(len(comment))
        # print(getText(soup))
    print('--------------------------总共爬取 ',len(comment),' 条-------------------------')
    print(comment)
    
    f1 = pandas.DataFrame(comment)
    f1.to_csv(r'E:\f4.csv',encoding='utf_8_sig')

**　爬取到的评论信息：**

**　　这次我们爬取到的信息有：用户名、观看情况、评分情况、评论、评论时间和赞同次数**

![1481748-20190508212833077-334026259.png][]

评论整理：将爬取到的评论信息进行处理，最后经过词频统计。将出现次数最多排名TOP20的词语做成词云。

import pandas as pd
    import jieba
    import csv
    
    pinglun =[]
    
    csv_reader = csv.reader(open(r'C:\Users\Shinelon\Desktop\f4.csv',encoding='utf-8'))
    
    for row in csv_reader:
        pinglun.append(row[4])
    
    text=' '.join(pinglun)
    # 加入所分析对象的专业词汇
    with open(r'C:\Users\Shinelon\Desktop\最火复仇者联盟词库大全【官方推荐】.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        jinyong = f.read().split('\n')
    jieba.load_userdict(jinyong)
    newtext = jieba.lcut(text)
    
    with open(r'C:\Users\Shinelon\Desktop\爬虫\python 3.22\stops_chinese.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        stops = f.read().split('\n')
    newtext2 = [text1 for text1 in newtext if text1 not in stops]
    
    te = {};
    for w in newtext2:
        if len(w) == 1:
            continue
        else:
            te[w] = te.get(w, 0) + 1
    
    print(te)
    # 次数排序
    tesort = list(te.items())
    tesort.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
    
    # 输出次数前TOP20的词语
    for i in range(0, 20):
        print(tesort[i])
    
    pd.DataFrame(data=tesort[0:20]).to_csv('fu4c.csv', encoding='utf-8')

生成词云图：

![1481748-20190508223344709-263250453.png][]

电影评分情况统计：对获取到的用户评分情况进行统计。

import pandas as pd
    import jieba
    import csv
    
    pingfen =[]
    
    csv_reader = csv.reader(open(r'C:\Users\Shinelon\Desktop\f4.csv',encoding='utf-8'))
    
    for row in csv_reader:
        pingfen.append(row[3])
    del pingfen[0]
    
    # 将词语与其出现的次数以键/值对方式存储
    te = {};
    for w in pingfen:
        te[w] = pingfen.count(w);
    
    print(te.items())
    
    temp = 1;
    pingfenlist = {}
    for i in te.items():
        if(temp<6):
            pingfenlist[i[0]] = i[1]
        else:
            break
        temp = temp + 1
    
    print(pingfenlist)
    
    pd.DataFrame(data=list(pingfenlist.items())).to_csv('pingfen.csv', encoding='utf-8')

评分情况图表：

![1481748-20190508222414475-441154359.png][]

总结:

在本次爬取到的影片评论信息复仇者联盟4中我们可以看出70%观众对这部影片还是持有着推荐的态度。认为该影片值得一看。

而在用户评论中出现次数最多的‘漫威’、‘复联’、‘英雄’、‘钢铁侠’、‘美队’、‘雷神’、‘灭霸’等词可以看出本片大概的主题内容。

总的来说，复仇者联盟4，还是可以一看。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenshijiong/p/10835829.html

[1481748-20190508205727807-966665499.png]: /images/20211129/9de11b1b9a884766bbee6597e414557b.png
[1481748-20190508210132903-952904342.png]: /images/20211129/4ae4fc119ad54946bb081d0ec24f027f.png
[1481748-20190508210505249-728592075.png]: /images/20211129/09806bf980bb4dafb9363e7f0bab6d22.png
[1481748-20190508210608077-2130132347.png]: /images/20211129/c35b99c2fccc4d3c95493c5259a3894f.png
[1481748-20190508211227475-1614626668.png]: /images/20211129/7b5939434ef24f33a78be0269d8695c5.png
[1481748-20190508232217928-1939351908.png]: /images/20211129/d7f24752b142493fa2a7c61bb3739dc7.png
[1481748-20190508233423744-429631786.png]: /images/20211129/3f826306e40d44769bbdb7ed4e013538.png
[1481748-20190508212833077-334026259.png]: /images/20211129/ee8dcd6f6910426483b2473cd11eb241.png
[1481748-20190508223344709-263250453.png]: /images/20211129/04937d5f86c04ae1beaa0b97fefcef0d.png
[1481748-20190508222414475-441154359.png]: /images/20211129/32325ff20cdc404c917423c63c02a9d2.png