yum命令的使用

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2021-11-23 16:02 325阅读 0赞

yum源的配置，请参考此文：[RedHatLinux 本地yum源的配置][RedHatLinux _yum]。本文讲解如何使用yum命令。

[root@serv01 ~]# yum --help
    Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
    Updating Red Hat repositories.
    Usage: yum [options] COMMAND
    
    List of Commands:
    
    check          Check for problems in the rpmdb
    check-update   Check for available package updates
    clean          Remove cached data
    deplist        List a package's dependencies
    distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
    downgrade      downgrade a package
    erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
    groupinfo      Display details about a package group
    groupinstall   Install the packages in a group on your system
    grouplist      List available package groups
    groupremove    Remove the packages in a group from your system
    help           Display a helpful usage message
    history        Display, or use, the transaction history
    info           Display details about a package or group of packages
    install        Install a package or packages on your system
    list           List a package or groups of packages
    load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename
    makecache      Generate the metadata cache
    provides       Find what package provides the given value
    reinstall      reinstall a package
    repolist       Display the configured software repositories
    resolvedep     Determine which package provides the given dependency
    search         Search package details for the given string
    shell          Run an interactive yum shell
    update         Update a package or packages on your system
    upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account
    version        Display a version for the machine and/or available repos.
    
    
    Options:
      -h, --help            show this help message and exit
      -t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
      -C, --cacheonly       run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
      -c [config file], --config=[config file]
                            config file location
      -R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]
                            maximum command wait time
      -d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]
                            debugging output level
      --showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
      -e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]
                            error output level
      --rpmverbosity=[debug level name]
                            debugging output level for rpm
      -q, --quiet           quiet operation
      -v, --verbose         verbose operation
      -y, --assumeyes       answer yes for all questions
      --version             show Yum version and exit
      --installroot=[path]  set install root
      --enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
      --disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
      -x [package], --exclude=[package]
                            exclude package(s) by name or glob
      --disableexcludes=[repo]
                            disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
                            everything
      --obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
      --noplugins           disable Yum plugins
      --nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking
      --disableplugin=[plugin]
                            disable plugins by name
      --enableplugin=[plugin]
                            enable plugins by name
      --skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems
      --color=COLOR         control whether color is used
      --releasever=RELEASEVER
                            set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files
      --setopt=SETOPTS      set arbitrary config and repo options
    
      Plugin Options:
    
    #不建议使用这种方式卸载
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum remove nagios-common
    
    #yum安装的包，可以使用rpm命令查询到
    [root@serv01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep httpd
    httpd-tools-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
    httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
    [root@serv01 ~]# ls /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
    /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    #我们删除一个文件，再次安装
    [root@serv01 ~]# rm -rf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
    [root@serv01 ~]# ls /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
    ls: cannot access /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: No such file or directory
    #安装不成功
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum install httpd -y
    Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
    Updating Red Hat repositories.
    Setting up Install Process
    Package httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    Nothing to do
    #使用reinstall重装
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum reinstall httpd -y
    Installed:
      httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-9.el6                                                                                                         
    Complete!
    
    #查询所有
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum list
    #可以安装的略
    #查询httpd，有@表示已经安装
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum list|grep httpd
    httpd.x86_64                          2.2.15-9.el6                     @rhel-iso
    httpd-tools.x86_64                    2.2.15-9.el6                     @rhel-iso
    httpd-devel.i686                      2.2.15-9.el6                     rhel-iso 
    httpd-devel.x86_64                    2.2.15-9.el6                     rhel-iso 
    httpd-manual.noarch                   2.2.15-9.el6                     rhel-iso 
    #验证
    [root@serv01 ~]# rpm -qa|grep httpd
    httpd-tools-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
    httpd-2.2.15-9.el6.x86_64
    
    #软件组
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist
    
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum grouplist | grep Devel
       Additional Development
       Desktop Platform Development
       Development tools
       Server Platform Development
    
    #安装软件组，注意需要有双引号
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Server Platform" -y
    
    #强烈不建议这样移除，这样很危险，可以看到最后把内核都移除了。
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Server Platform" -y
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Server Platform" --skip-broken --nogpgcheck
    
    #这样可以正确的使用groupinstall安装和使用groupremove移除，因为该软件组依赖不多
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Emacs" -y
    Installed:
      emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-21.el6                                                                                                          
    Complete!
    [root@serv01 ~]# yum groupremove "Emacs" -y
    Removed:
      emacs.x86_64 1:23.1-21.el6                                                                                                          
    
    Complete!

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[RedHatLinux _yum]: http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/9708049