比特币钱包（bitcoin-core）的食用方法

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2021-11-09 06:04 2377阅读 0赞

> 这里是bitcoin-core的使用教程，及如何在PC端搭建冷钱包。

# 正文 #

## 下载bitcoin-core ##

可前往[比特币官网下载页][Link 1]下载最新版，如果想用老版本可以去[Github][]看看，或者去[这里][Link 2]直接下载。对于PC端，有安装版和压缩版可供选择，这里推荐下载压缩版，就是`.zip`后缀的，例如[bitcoin-0.17.1-win64.zip][]，因为需要修改默认配置，把200+G的区块文件指定到C盘之外，或者把私钥指定到一个隐秘的地方等等，压缩版将更为方便。

## bitcoin.conf ##

对测试网和RPC功能没想法的看官可以跳过了

编写配置文件，`bitcoin.conf`是我沿用了Ubuntu上的习惯，内容如下：

##
    ## bitcoin.conf configuration file. Lines beginning with # are comments.
    ##
    
    # Network-related settings:
    
    # Run on the test network instead of the real bitcoin network.
    #testnet=0
    #testnet=1
    
    # Run a regression test network
    #regtest=0
    
    # Connect via a SOCKS5 proxy
    #proxy=127.0.0.1:9050
    
    # Bind to given address and always listen on it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6
    #bind=<addr>
    
    # Bind to given address and whitelist peers connecting to it. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6
    #whitebind=<addr>
    
    ##############################################################
    ##            Quick Primer on addnode vs connect            ##
    ##  Let's say for instance you use addnode=4.2.2.4          ##
    ##  addnode will connect you to and tell you about the      ##
    ##    nodes connected to 4.2.2.4.  In addition it will tell ##
    ##    the other nodes connected to it that you exist so     ##
    ##    they can connect to you.                              ##
    ##  connect will not do the above when you 'connect' to it. ##
    ##    It will *only* connect you to 4.2.2.4 and no one else.##
    ##                                                          ##
    ##  So if you're behind a firewall, or have other problems  ##
    ##  finding nodes, add some using 'addnode'.                ##
    ##                                                          ##
    ##  If you want to stay private, use 'connect' to only      ##
    ##  connect to "trusted" nodes.                             ##
    ##                                                          ##
    ##  If you run multiple nodes on a LAN, there's no need for ##
    ##  all of them to open lots of connections.  Instead       ##
    ##  'connect' them all to one node that is port forwarded   ##
    ##  and has lots of connections.                            ##
    ##       Thanks goes to [Noodle] on Freenode.               ##
    ##############################################################
    
    # Use as many addnode= settings as you like to connect to specific peers
    #addnode=69.164.218.197
    #addnode=10.0.0.2:8333
    
    # Alternatively use as many connect= settings as you like to connect ONLY to specific peers
    #connect=69.164.218.197
    #connect=10.0.0.1:8333
    
    # Listening mode, enabled by default except when 'connect' is being used
    #listen=1
    
    # Maximum number of inbound+outbound connections.
    #maxconnections=
    
    #
    # JSON-RPC options (for controlling a running Bitcoin/bitcoind process)
    #
    
    # server=1 tells Bitcoin-Qt and bitcoind to accept JSON-RPC commands
    #server=0
    #server=1
    
    # Bind to given address to listen for JSON-RPC connections. Use [host]:port notation for IPv6.
    # This option can be specified multiple times (default: bind to all interfaces)
    #rpcbind=<addr>
    
    # If no rpcpassword is set, rpc cookie auth is sought. The default `-rpccookiefile` name
    # is .cookie and found in the `-datadir` being used for bitcoind. This option is typically used
    # when the server and client are run as the same user.
    #
    # If not, you must set rpcuser and rpcpassword to secure the JSON-RPC api. The first
    # method(DEPRECATED) is to set this pair for the server and client:
    #rpcuser=Ulysseys
    rpcuser=test
    #rpcpassword=YourSuperGreatPasswordNumber_DO_NOT_USE_THIS_OR_YOU_WILL_GET_ROBBED_385593
    rpcpassword=123456
    #
    # The second method `rpcauth` can be added to server startup argument. It is set at intialization time
    # using the output from the script in share/rpcuser/rpcuser.py after providing a username:
    #
    # ./share/rpcuser/rpcuser.py alice
    # String to be appended to bitcoin.conf:
    # rpcauth=alice:f7efda5c189b999524f151318c0c86$d5b51b3beffbc02b724e5d095828e0bc8b2456e9ac8757ae3211a5d9b16a22ae
    # Your password:
    # DONT_USE_THIS_YOU_WILL_GET_ROBBED_8ak1gI25KFTvjovL3gAM967mies3E=
    #
    # On client-side, you add the normal user/password pair to send commands:
    #rpcuser=alice
    #rpcpassword=DONT_USE_THIS_YOU_WILL_GET_ROBBED_8ak1gI25KFTvjovL3gAM967mies3E=
    #
    # You can even add multiple entries of these to the server conf file, and client can use any of them:
    # rpcauth=bob:b2dd077cb54591a2f3139e69a897ac$4e71f08d48b4347cf8eff3815c0e25ae2e9a4340474079f55705f40574f4ec99
    
    # How many seconds bitcoin will wait for a complete RPC HTTP request.
    # after the HTTP connection is established. 
    #rpcclienttimeout=30
    
    # By default, only RPC connections from localhost are allowed.
    # Specify as many rpcallowip= settings as you like to allow connections from other hosts,
    # either as a single IPv4/IPv6 or with a subnet specification.
    
    # NOTE: opening up the RPC port to hosts outside your local trusted network is NOT RECOMMENDED,
    # because the rpcpassword is transmitted over the network unencrypted.
    
    # server=1 tells Bitcoin-Qt to accept JSON-RPC commands.
    # it is also read by bitcoind to determine if RPC should be enabled 
    #rpcallowip=10.1.1.34/255.255.255.0
    #rpcallowip=1.2.3.4/24
    #rpcallowip=2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334/96
    #rpcallowip=113.201.135.114/32
    #rpcallowip=127.0.0.1/32
    rpcallowip=0.0.0.0/0
    
    # Listen for RPC connections on this TCP port:
    #rpcport=8332
    rpcport=8332
    
    # You can use Bitcoin or bitcoind to send commands to Bitcoin/bitcoind
    # running on another host using this option:
    #rpcconnect=127.0.0.1
    
    # Create transactions that have enough fees so they are likely to begin confirmation within n blocks (default: 6).
    # This setting is over-ridden by the -paytxfee option.
    #txconfirmtarget=n
    
    # Miscellaneous options
    
    # Pre-generate this many public/private key pairs, so wallet backups will be valid for
    # both prior transactions and several dozen future transactions.
    #keypool=100
    
    # Pay an optional transaction fee every time you send bitcoins.  Transactions with fees
    # are more likely than free transactions to be included in generated blocks, so may
    # be validated sooner.
    #paytxfee=0.00
    
    # Enable pruning to reduce storage requirements by deleting old blocks. 
    # This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan.
    # 0 = default (no pruning).
    # 1 = allows manual pruning via RPC.
    # >=550 = target to stay under in MiB. 
    #prune=550
    
    # User interface options
    
    # Start Bitcoin minimized
    #min=1
    
    # Minimize to the system tray
    #minimizetotray=1
    #walletnotify=curl http://127.0.0.1:8899/temp/manage/deposit/query/btc/%s
    #deprecatedrpc=accounts
    #deprecatedrpc=signrawtransaction

本人是从事中心化钱包开发的，这里是相对完整的配置。

## bitcoin-qt.cmd ##

编写一个`.bat`或`.cmd`后缀的启动脚本，目的是便捷地执行依据启动命令：

bitcoin-qt -conf=D:\Softwares\bitcoin-0.17.1\bin\bitcoin.conf -datadir=D:\Blocks\bitcoin -wallet=D:\Wallets\bitcoin

`bitcoin-qt`是指bitcoin-qt.exe的相对路径，在`bin`路径下，这里这样写的前提是将这个脚本也放在bin路劲下；

`-conf`是这顶`bitcoin.conf`的绝对路径，不需要指定特殊的配置的话可以省去；

`-datadir`是指定区块数据库文件的位置，这个路径预留300+G的空间；

`-wallet`是指定钱包私钥的位置，钱包启动后会生成`wallet.dat`文件，这个文件就是私钥（重要性就不再赘述了），可以指定到U盘或其他安全的存储介质。

## 启动 ##

双击`bitcoin-qt.cmd`，不是bitcoin-qt.exe哦，会通过cmd启动QT5版本的钱包，是带UI界面的：

![bitcoin-qt窗口][bitcoin-qt]

此时钱包回去同步区块数据，这个过程很漫长，跟网络环境有关。

## 加密钱包 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

如图，在设置菜单，这里是已经加密的钱包，所以`加密钱包`置灰了，首次生成私钥是未加密的，点击它，设置密码后会提示重启钱包。完成后可以转移`D:\Wallets\bitcoin\wallet.dat`这个文件，作为自己的冷钱包私钥，认真保存。需要转账是修改`-wallet`指向，漫长的区块同步期间可以指向一个不认真的私钥文件，等同步完成后再指向这个认真的私钥文件。

## 收款 ##

根据上面的加密操作后，在wallet.dat文件中会存储一些地址，点击`接受`=>`请求付款`

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

形如`3NZe5PT6cjrB2WPcNorCX8wHx28Zo4ARqk`的这串码就是比特币地址。

# 结语 #

以上是我自己使用bitcoin-core钱包QT版的一些技巧，各位大佬有什么骚操作欢迎留言交流。

[Link 1]: https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core/
[Github]: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/releases
[Link 2]: https://bitcoincore.org/bin/
[bitcoin-0.17.1-win64.zip]: https://bitcoincore.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.17.1/bitcoin-0.17.1-win64.zip
[bitcoin-qt]: /images/20211109/382ed2c7786941e89fc19ade9fcebea3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211109/f5f81c3775aa497b85c4b09cafed6f0f.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211109/426c39a8717b4a26bf3e60f1e4716dba.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190805112905187.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3lpbWNhcnNvbg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70