Docker的介绍，安装，镜像使用及基本命令

r囧r小猫 2021-11-09 04:18 416阅读 0赞

## ##

### ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][] ###

### 一 Docker的安装 ###

需要下载安装包：  
docker-ce.x86、 docker-ce-cli.x86\_64、 containerd.io.x86、container-selinux.noarch以及需要解决的依赖性

阿里云开源镜像网站（推荐）：[http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86\_64/stable/Packages/][http_mirrors.aliyun.com_docker-ce_linux_centos_7_x86_64_stable_Packages]、  
官网下载（略慢）：[https://docs.docker.com/][https_docs.docker.com]  
（1）将docker压缩包及依赖包在真机上共享yum源

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

(2)server1/2 虚拟机上直接下载docker-ce

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

(3)开启docker并设置开机自启动

![20190804213647774.png][]

（4）查看Docker信息：docker info

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

（5）docker运行后系统会自动添加一个docker设备并且分配一个IP：ip a/addr

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

### 二 添加镜像到docker仓库，运行镜像 ###

(1)将2048小游戏的镜像添加到docker仓库中：docker load -i game2048.tar

(2)查看docker镜像信息：docker images

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

(3)端口映射，将容器的80端口与真机的80端口进行映射

docker run -d -p 80:80 --name vm1 game2048

docker ps \#\#查看正在运行的docker进程

docker ps -a \#\#查看正在运行的docker进程

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

（4）在浏览器中访问server1IP，可以进入2048游戏界面

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

### 三 docker的基本命令 ###

docker版本查看：   docker version
    doeker信息查看：   docker info
    停止容器及运行容器：
     docker container stop vm1
     docker stop vm1
     
     docker container start vm1
     docker start vm1
    
    查看镜像操作历史：docker history game2048（镜像名）
    
    交互式操作镜像：
    docker run -it --name vm1 ubuntu		#执行后会占用当前的终端，可以用快捷键ctrl+p+q退出，
    docker attach vm1				#重新连接vm1容器
    
    
    删除在运行的容器：docker rm -f vm1
    
    
    删除docker仓库中的镜像：docker rmi game2048:latest

**遇到的问题：**端口映射时报错WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.

重新映射时发现无法再次映射

**解决方法：**

[root@server1 ~]# vim  /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf
    ##写入：
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
    
    [root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart network
    [root@server1 ~]# docker rm vm1
    Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 5e7c6b027a93538f6fa6d786ab31124844aade40b6001faa7ad33eb3754c7c91. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
    [root@server1 ~]# docker rm -f vm1
    vm1
    [root@server1 ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 --name vm1 game2048
    46a8697dd243d0591d2f93eb836fac11fe84b969854ec927978c6f48da9d0db1
    [root@server1 ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                         NAMES
    46a8697dd243        game2048            "/bin/sh -c 'sed -i …"   31 seconds ago      Up 30 seconds       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 443/tcp   vm1

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20211109/a10a3c9d887a40ac9627d1ddce5574c6.png
[http_mirrors.aliyun.com_docker-ce_linux_centos_7_x86_64_stable_Packages]: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/
[https_docs.docker.com]: https://docs.docker.com/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20211109/e38b6b5eb44f4f24a0907873afcb7005.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20211109/a1cfa887bc0d4c1c98673d5c84edeffb.png
[20190804213647774.png]: /images/20211109/b3c37a67c3d24360872607c64de3bf48.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20211109/525dad0b72194f82b8639bd9a34586fd.png
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3ZhbnZhbl8_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: /images/20211109/94d7bf24d8a94e9da9a360afcbf8b65c.png