Python os模块方法

た入场券 2021-11-02 05:56 384阅读 0赞

`os`模块提供了大量有用的方法来处理文件和目录。本章节中的代码实例是在 Ubuntu Linux系统上运行来演示。

大多数有用的方法都列在这里 -

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>编号</th> 
   <th>方法</th> 
   <th>描述/说明</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>1</td> 
   <td><a title="os.access(path, mode)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_access.html" rel="nofollow">os.access(path, mode)</a></td> 
   <td>使用真正的<code>uid/gid</code>来测试访问指定的路径。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>2</td> 
   <td><a title="os.chdir(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_chdir.html" rel="nofollow">os.chdir(path)</a></td> 
   <td>将当前工作目录更改为指定路径。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>3</td> 
   <td><a title="os.chflags(path, flags)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_chflags.html" rel="nofollow">os.chflags(path, flags)</a></td> 
   <td>将指定的路径的标志设置为数字标志。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>4</td> 
   <td><a title="os.chmod(path, mode)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_chmod.html" rel="nofollow">os.chmod(path, mode)</a></td> 
   <td>将路径模式更改为数字模式。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>5</td> 
   <td><a title="os.chown(path, uid, gid)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_chown.html" rel="nofollow">os.chown(path, uid, gid)</a></td> 
   <td>将指定的路径的所有者和组ID更改为数字uid和gid。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>6</td> 
   <td><a title="os.chroot(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_chroot.html" rel="nofollow">os.chroot(path)</a></td> 
   <td>将当前进程的根目录更改为指定的路径。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>7</td> 
   <td><a title="os.close(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_close.html" rel="nofollow">os.close(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>关闭文件描述符<code>fd</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>8</td> 
   <td><a title="os.closerange(fd_low, fd_high)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_closerange.html" rel="nofollow">os.closerange(fd_low, fd_high)</a></td> 
   <td>将所有从<code>fd_low</code>(包括)到<code>fd_high</code>(不包括)的文件描述符关闭，并忽略错误。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>9</td> 
   <td><a title="os.dup(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_dup.html" rel="nofollow">os.dup(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>返回文件描述符<code>fd</code>的副本。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>10</td> 
   <td><a title="os.dup2(fd, fd2)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_dup2.html" rel="nofollow">os.dup2(fd, fd2)</a></td> 
   <td>重复从<code>fd</code>到<code>fd2</code>的文件描述符，如果需要，首先关闭<code>fd2</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>11</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fchdir(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fchdir.html" rel="nofollow">os.fchdir(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>将当前工作目录更改为由文件描述符<code>fd</code>表示的目录。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>12</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fchmod(fd, mode)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fchmod.html" rel="nofollow">os.fchmod(fd, mode)</a></td> 
   <td>将<code>fd</code>给出的文件的模式<code>mode</code>更改为数字模式。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>13</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fchown.html" rel="nofollow">os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)</a></td> 
   <td>将由<code>fd</code>提供的文件的所有者和组ID更改为数字<code>uid</code>和<code>gid</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>14</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fdatasync(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fdatasync.html" rel="nofollow">os.fdatasync(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>强制将文件描述符<code>fd</code>写入磁盘。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>15</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fdopen(fd[, mode[, bufsize]])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fdopen.html" rel="nofollow">os.fdopen(fd[, mode[, bufsize]])</a></td> 
   <td>返回连接到文件描述符<code>fd</code>的打开的文件对象。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>16</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fpathconf(fd, name)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fpathconf.html" rel="nofollow">os.fpathconf(fd, name)</a></td> 
   <td>返回与打开文件相关的系统配置信息。 <code>name</code>指定要检索的配置值。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>17</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fstat(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fstat.html" rel="nofollow">os.fstat(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>返回文件描述符<code>fd</code>的状态，如<code>stat()</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>18</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fstatvfs(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fstatvfs.html" rel="nofollow">os.fstatvfs(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>返回有关包含与文件描述符<code>fd</code>相关联的文件的文件系统的信息，如<code>statvfs()</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>19</td> 
   <td><a title="os.fsync(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_fsync.html" rel="nofollow">os.fsync(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>强制将文件写入与文件描述符<code>fd</code>相关联的磁盘。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>20</td> 
   <td><a title="os.ftruncate(fd, length)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_ftruncate.html" rel="nofollow">os.ftruncate(fd, length)</a></td> 
   <td>截断与文件描述符<code>fd</code>相对应的文件，使其大小最大为字节。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>21</td> 
   <td><a title="os.getcwd()" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_getcwd.html" rel="nofollow">os.getcwd()</a></td> 
   <td>返回一个表示当前工作目录的字符串。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>22</td> 
   <td><a title="os.getcwdu()" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_getcwdu.html" rel="nofollow">os.getcwdu()</a></td> 
   <td>返回表示当前工作目录的<code>Unicode</code>对象。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>23</td> 
   <td><a title="os.isatty(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_isatty.html" rel="nofollow">os.isatty(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>如果文件描述符<code>fd</code>打开并连接到tty(-like)设备，则返回<code>True</code>，否则返回<code>False</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>24</td> 
   <td><a title="os.lchflags(path, flags)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_lchflags.html" rel="nofollow">os.lchflags(path, flags)</a></td> 
   <td>将路径(<code>path</code>)的标志设置为数字标志，如<code>chflags()</code>，但不要跟随符号链接。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>25</td> 
   <td><a title="os.lchmod(path, mode)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_lchmod.html" rel="nofollow">os.lchmod(path, mode)</a></td> 
   <td>将路径模式更改为数字模式。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>26</td> 
   <td><a title="os.lchown(path, uid, gid)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_lchown.html" rel="nofollow">os.lchown(path, uid, gid)</a></td> 
   <td>将路径的所有者和组ID更改为数字uid和gid。此功能不会遵循符号链接。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>27</td> 
   <td><a title="os.link(src, dst)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_link.html" rel="nofollow">os.link(src, dst)</a></td> 
   <td>创建一个指向<code>src</code>名为<code>dst</code>的硬链接。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>28</td> 
   <td><a title="os.listdir(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_listdir.html" rel="nofollow">os.listdir(path)</a></td> 
   <td>返回一个列表，其中包含由<code>path</code>指定的目录中的条目的名称。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>29</td> 
   <td><a title="os.lseek(fd, pos, how)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_lseek.html" rel="nofollow">os.lseek(fd, pos, how)</a></td> 
   <td>将文件描述符<code>fd</code>的当前位置设置为位置<code>pos</code>，由<code>how</code>指定如何修改。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>30</td> 
   <td><a title="os.lstat(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_lstat.html" rel="nofollow">os.lstat(path)</a></td> 
   <td>类似于<code>stat()</code>，但不遵循符号链接。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>31</td> 
   <td><a title="os.major(device)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_major.html" rel="nofollow">os.major(device)</a></td> 
   <td>从原始设备号中提取设备主体号码。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>32</td> 
   <td><a title="os.makedev(major, minor)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_makedev.html" rel="nofollow">os.makedev(major, minor)</a></td> 
   <td>从主要和次要设备编号构成原始设备编号。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>33</td> 
   <td><a title="os.makedirs(path[, mode])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_makedirs.html" rel="nofollow">os.makedirs(path[, mode])</a></td> 
   <td>递归目录创建函数。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>34</td> 
   <td><a title="os.minor(device)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_minor.html" rel="nofollow">os.minor(device)</a></td> 
   <td>从原始设备号中提取设备次要号码。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>35</td> 
   <td><a title="os.mkdir(path[, mode])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_mkdir.html" rel="nofollow">os.mkdir(path[, mode])</a></td> 
   <td>以数字模式<code>mode</code>创建名为<code>path</code>的目录。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>36</td> 
   <td><a title="os.mkfifo(path[, mode])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_mkfifo.html" rel="nofollow">os.mkfifo(path[, mode])</a></td> 
   <td>以数字模式模式创建名为<code>path</code>的FIFO(命名管道)。 默认模式为0666(八进制)。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>37</td> 
   <td><a title="os.mknod(filename[, mode = 0600, device])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_mknod.html" rel="nofollow">os.mknod(filename[, mode = 0600, device])</a></td> 
   <td>创建名为<code>filename</code>的文件系统节点(文件，设备专用文件或命名管道)。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>38</td> 
   <td><a title="os.open(file, flags[, mode])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_open.html" rel="nofollow">os.open(file, flags[, mode])</a></td> 
   <td>打开文件文件，并根据标志和可能的模式根据模式设置各种标志。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>39</td> 
   <td><a title="os.openpty()" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_openpty.html" rel="nofollow">os.openpty()</a></td> 
   <td>打开一个新的伪终端对。分别为pty和tty返回一对文件描述符(主，从)。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>40</td> 
   <td><a title="os.pathconf(path, name)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_pathconf.html" rel="nofollow">os.pathconf(path, name)</a></td> 
   <td>返回与命名文件相关的系统配置信息。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>41</td> 
   <td><a title="os.pipe()" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_pipe.html" rel="nofollow">os.pipe()</a></td> 
   <td>创建一个管道。分别返回一对可用于阅读和写入的文件描述符(r，w)。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>42</td> 
   <td><a title="os.popen(command[, mode[, bufsize]])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_popen.html" rel="nofollow">os.popen(command[, mode[, bufsize]])</a></td> 
   <td>打开或从命令打开管道。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>43</td> 
   <td><a title="os.read(fd, n)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_read.html" rel="nofollow">os.read(fd, n)</a></td> 
   <td>从文件描述符<code>fd</code>读取最多<code>n</code>个字节。 返回一个包含读取字节的字符串。 如果<code>fd</code>引用的文件的末尾已经到达，则返回一个空字符串。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>44</td> 
   <td><a title="os.readlink(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_readlink.html" rel="nofollow">os.readlink(path)</a></td> 
   <td>返回一个表示符号链接所指向的路径的字符串。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>45</td> 
   <td><a title="os.remove(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_remove.html" rel="nofollow">os.remove(path)</a></td> 
   <td>删除文件路径。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>46</td> 
   <td><a title="os.removedirs(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_removedirs.html" rel="nofollow">os.removedirs(path)</a></td> 
   <td>递归删除目录。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>47</td> 
   <td><a title="os.rename(src, dst)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_rename.html" rel="nofollow">os.rename(src, dst)</a></td> 
   <td>将文件或目录<code>src</code>重命名为<code>dst</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>48</td> 
   <td><a title="os.renames(old, new)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_renames.html" rel="nofollow">os.renames(old, new)</a></td> 
   <td>递归目录或文件重命名功能。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>49</td> 
   <td><a title="os.rmdir(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_rmdir.html" rel="nofollow">os.rmdir(path)</a></td> 
   <td>删除目录路径</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>50</td> 
   <td><a title="os.stat(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_stat.html" rel="nofollow">os.stat(path)</a></td> 
   <td>在给定的路径上执行<code>stat</code>系统调用。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>51</td> 
   <td><a title="os.stat_float_times([newvalue])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_stat_float_times.html" rel="nofollow">os.stat_float_times([newvalue])</a></td> 
   <td>确定<code>stat_result</code>是否将时间戳表示为浮点对象。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>52</td> 
   <td><a title="os.statvfs(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_statvfs.html" rel="nofollow">os.statvfs(path)</a></td> 
   <td>在给定路径上执行<code>statvfs</code>系统调用。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>53</td> 
   <td><a title="os.symlink(src, dst)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_symlink.html" rel="nofollow">os.symlink(src, dst)</a></td> 
   <td>创建一个指向<code>src</code>的符号链接，命名为<code>dst</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>54</td> 
   <td><a title="os.tcgetpgrp(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_tcgetpgrp.html" rel="nofollow">os.tcgetpgrp(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>返回与<code>fd</code>(由<code>open()</code>返回的打开的文件描述符)给出的终端关联的进程组。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>55</td> 
   <td><a title="os.tcsetpgrp(fd, pg)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_tcsetpgrp.html" rel="nofollow">os.tcsetpgrp(fd, pg)</a></td> 
   <td>将与<code>fd</code>(<code>open()</code>返回的打开的文件描述符)给定的终端相关联的进程组<code>pg</code>。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>56</td> 
   <td><a title="os.tempnam([dir[, prefix]])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_tempnam.html" rel="nofollow">os.tempnam([dir[, prefix]])</a></td> 
   <td>返回创建临时文件的唯一路径名。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>57</td> 
   <td><a title="os.tmpfile()" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_tmpfile.html" rel="nofollow">os.tmpfile()</a></td> 
   <td>返回以更新模式打开的新文件对象(<code>w+b</code>)。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>58</td> 
   <td><a title="os.tmpnam()" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_tmpnam.html" rel="nofollow">os.tmpnam()</a></td> 
   <td>返回创建临时文件的唯一路径名。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>59</td> 
   <td><a title="os.ttyname(fd)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_ttyname.html" rel="nofollow">os.ttyname(fd)</a></td> 
   <td>返回指定与文件描述符<code>fd</code>相关联的终端设备的字符串。 如果<code>fd</code>与终端设备没有关联，则会出现异常。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>60</td> 
   <td><a title="os.unlink(path)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_unlink.html" rel="nofollow">os.unlink(path)</a></td> 
   <td>删除文件路径。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>61</td> 
   <td><a title="os.utime(path, times)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_utime.html" rel="nofollow">os.utime(path, times)</a></td> 
   <td>设置由<code>path</code>指定的文件的访问和修改时间。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>62</td> 
   <td><a title="os.walk(top[, topdown = True[, onerror = None[, followlinks = False]]])" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python3/os_walk.html" rel="nofollow">os.walk(top[, topdown = True[, onerror = None[, followlinks = False]]])</a></td> 
   <td>通过自上而下或自下而上地遍历树来生成目录树中的文件名。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>63</td> 
   <td><a title="os.write(fd, str)" href="http://www.yiibai.com/python/os_write.html" rel="nofollow">os.write(fd, str)</a></td> 
   <td>将字符串<code>str</code>写入文件描述符<code>fd</code>。 返回实际写入的字节数。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/valorchang/p/11319485.html