微信小程序与云开发

傷城~ 2021-09-30 12:04 600阅读 0赞

微信小程序基础概念

小程序云开发的三大基础能力：云数据库、云函数、云存储

Java、NodeJS、JavaScript、HTML5、CSS3、VueJs、ReactJs、前端工程化、前端架构

小程序开发入门基础，开发流程，云开发的使用，独自完成小程序开发

什么是小程序：小程序是一种不需要下载安装即可使用的应用，它实现了应用“触手可及”的梦想，用户扫一扫或者搜一下即可打开应用。也体现了“用完即走”的理念，用户不用关心是否安装太多应用的问题。应用将无处不在，随时可用，但又无需安装卸载。

小程序开发成本低，周期短，维护升级简单，推广成本低。

JSON全局配置，项目配置

云开发，云数据库，云函数，云存储

## 用户登录 ##

如何通过云函数获取openid  
传统微信登录，与，云开发微信登录  
如何获取用户信息

## 电影列表 ##

如何云函数调用第三方api  
云函数调用api，与，小程序调用api  
渲染列表

## 电影评价 ##

云数据库插入数据  
选择相册图片或拍照  
云存储的图片上传

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.json配置文件，以json格式存储一些配置  
.wxml模板文件，描述页面结构，相当于HTML  
.wxss样式文件，调整页面样式，相当于css  
.js脚本逻辑文件，页面和用户的交互逻辑

配置文件json  
project.config.json:项目配置  
app.json:全局配置  
page.json:页面配置

页面结构wxml

页面样式wxss

页面交互js

// app.json
    pages/base/base
    pages/cloud/cloud

页面结构wxml

<image src="{
       {img}}"></image>
    <view wx:for="{
       {arr}}" wx:key="{
       {index}}">
    {
       {index}}{
       {item}}
    </view>
    <view wx:for="{
       {list}}">
    {
       {item.name}}{
       {item.age}}
    </view>

now you can provide attr ‘wx:key’ for a ‘wx:for’ to improve performance.

wx:if=""
    
    hidden="{
       {}}"
    
    之间差别

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wxss是一套用于小程序的样式语言，描述wxml组件样式。

尺寸单位：rpx  
可以根据屏幕宽度进行自适应，适配不同宽度的屏幕

onTapHandler: function() {
     // this.data.count++; 
    
     count: this.data.count + 1
    },

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## 云数据库 ##

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cloud.js
    const db = wx.cloud.database(); // 初始化
    
    wxml
    <button bindtap="insert">插入数据库</button>
    
    创建数据库
    user
    
    insert: function() {
     db.collection('user').add({
      data: {
       name: 'dashu',
       age:20
      },
     success: res => {
      console.log(res);
     },
     fail: err => {
      console.log(err);
     }
     })
    }
    
    insert: function() {
     db.collection('user').add({
      data: {
       name: 'jack',
       age: 12
     }
     }).then(res=>{
      console.log(res);
     }).catch(err=>{
     console.log(err);
     })
    },

update: function() {
     db.collection('user').doc('_id').update({
      data: {
      age:23
     }
     }).then(res => {
      console.log(res);
      }).catch(err => {
      console.log(err);
     })
    },

search: function() {
    db.collection('user').where({
     name: 'yerry'
     }).get().then(res=> {
     console.log(res);
     }).catch(err=>{
      console.log(err);
     });
    }

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云函数：  
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求和函数sum()

获取当前用户的openid

批量删除云数据库的数据

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wx-server-sdk  
服务器sdk

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在终端中：

npm install --save wx-server-sdk@latest

index.js
    // 云函数入口文件
    const cloud = require('wx-server-sdk')
    cloud.init()
    // 云函数入口函数
    exports.main = async(event, context) => {
     const wxContent = cloud.getWXContent()
     return {
      event,
      openid: wxContext.OPENID,
      appid: wxContext.APPID,
      unionid: wxContext.UNIONID,
     }
    }

修改

sum
    // index.js
    // 云函数入口函数
    exports.main = async (event, context) => {
     return {
      sum: event.a + event.b
     }
    }

<view>云函数</view>
    <button bindtap="sum">调用云函数sum</button>

sum: function() {
     wx.cloud.callFunction({
      name: 'sum',
      data: {
       a: 2,
       b: 3
      }
     }).then(res=>{
     console.log(res);
     }).catch(err=>{
      console.log(err);
     });
    },

获取当前用户openid

<button bindtap="getOpenId">获取当前用户openid</button>

getOpenId: function() {
    }

## 传统的微信登录方式 ##

用户端小程序

微信服务器

后端服务器

用户端的小程序发送请求  
通过wx.login获取code  
在微信的服务端获取一个code  
在从用户端小程序  
调用wx.request将code传递给后端服务器

后端服务器  
使用code换取openid和session\_key

最后将用户的标识发送给小程序本地存储

## 云开发微信登录 ##

用户

小程序

云函数

云数据库

用户通过点击获取用户信息  
用户-》小程序

小程序-》云函数  
获取用户信息

云函数-》小程序  
返回用户信息

小程序-》云数据库  
通过小程序将用户信息存储到云数据库

// login
    index.js
    const cloud = require('wx-server-sdk')
    
    // 初始化 cloud
    // 小程序用户openid返回小程序端
    // event参数包含小程序端调用传入的data

exports.main = (event, context) => {
     console.log(event)
     console.log(context)
     const wxContext = cloud.getWXContext()
    
     // 获取WXContext(微信调用上下文)
     // 包括OPENID,APPID,UNIONID
    
     return {
     event,
     openid: wxContext.OPENID,
     appid: wxContext.APPID,
     unionid: wxContext.UNIONID,
    }

// cloud
    // cloud.js cloud.json cloud.wxml cloud.wxss
    getOpenId: function() {
     wx.cloud.callFunciton({
      name: 'login'
     }).then(res => {
     console.log(res);
     }).catch(err=>{
     console.log(err);
     });
    }

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// batchDelete
    const cloud = require('wx-server-sdk')
    cloud.init()
    const db=cloud.database();
    // 云函数入口函数
    exports.main = async (event, context) => {
    try{
    return await db.collection('user').where({
      nme: 'dashu'
     }).remove();
     }catch(e) {
      console.error(e);
     }
    }

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batchDelete: function() {
     wx.cloud.callFunction({
      name: 'batchDelete'
     }).then(res => {
      console.log(res);
     }).catch(err => {
      console.error(err);
     });
    },

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## 云存储 ##

wx.cloud.uploadFile 上传文件  
wx.cloud.downloadFile 下载文件  
wx.cloud.deleteFile 删除文件  
wx.cloud.getTempFileURL 获取临时连接

## 文件上传 ##

用户，小程序，云存储，云数据库

用户选择图片或拍照到小程序  
小程序上传所选图片到云存储  
云存储返回fileID到小程序

小程序通过fileID存储到云数据库

wx.chooseImage(Object object)  
从本地相册选择图片或使用相机拍照

upload: function() {
     // 选择图片
     wx.chooseImage({
     count: 1,
     sizeType: ['original', 'compressed'],
     sourceType: ['album', 'camera'],
     success(res){
      const tempFilePaths = res.tempFilePaths
      console.log(tempFilePaths);
      
    wx.cloud.uploadFile({
     cloudPath: new Date().getTime() + '.png', // 上传到云端的路径
     filePath: tempFilePaths[0], // 小程序临时文件路径，数组
     success: res => {
      console.log(res.fileID)
      db.collection('image').add({
       data: {
        fildID: res.fileID
      }
      }).then(res => {
       console.log(res);
      }).catch(err => {
       console.error(err);
       })
     },
     fail: console.error
    })
    
     }
     })
    }

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errMsg:  
parameter.filePath should be string instead of array

上传文件  
在小程序端可以调用wx.cloud.uploadFile方法进行上传:

wx.cloud.uploadFile({
     cloudPath: 'example.png', // 上传到云端的路径
     filePath: '', // 小程序临时文件路径
     success: res => {
      console.log(res.fileID)
     },
     fail: console.error
    })

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## 云存储 ##

上传图片展示

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## 文件下载 ##

小程序获取文件fileID到云存储  
用户单击下载到小程序  
小程序发送文件下载请求到数据库  
数据库返回文件信息  
小程序存储图片到手机相册

保存图片到相册：

wx.saveImageToPhotoAlbum({
     success(res){}
    })

downloadFile: function(event){
     wx.cloud.downloadFile({
      fileID: event.target.dataset.fileid,
      success: res=> {
       console.log(res.tempFilePath)
       wx.saveImageToPhotoAlbum({
        filePath: res.tempFilePath
        success(res){
         wx.showToast({
          title: '保存成功'
         })
        }
       })
       
      },
      fail: console.error
      })
    },

--------------------

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[Link 1]: https://www.jianshu.com/u/c785ece603d1
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