Airflow的安装：在线安装、离线安装、问题汇总

我就是我 2021-09-28 04:12 2023阅读 0赞

# Airflow的安装：在线安装、离线安装、常见问题汇总 #

### 文章目录 ###

*  Airflow的安装：在线安装、离线安装、常见问题汇总
 *  前言
 *  理想的安装过程
 *  安装总结
 *  实际的安装过程
 *   *  python的安装
     *   *  步骤1：获取python
         *  步骤2：编译python
         *   *  报错1： no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
             *  报错1-解决方案：安装gcc
             *  重试步骤2：编译python，configure 编译配置成功
         *  步骤3：安装python
         *   *  报错2： zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available
             *  报错2-解决方案：编译&安装zlib
             *  重试步骤3
         *  步骤4：设置环境变量
         *  (至此，貌似python的安装已经结束，接下来安装airflow。实际上，python过会儿还得重装！！！)
     *  airflow的安装
     *   *  步骤A：下载airflow
         *   *  错误A： however the ssl module in Python is not available
             *  错误A-方案：编译python时加上enable-shared参数
             *  重试步骤A
             *  错误A-1：libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
             *  错误A-1-方案：加上环境变量LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH
             *  重试步骤A 又报错：
             *  错误A：具体报错内容与错误A一模一样。
             *  错误A-方案：安装openssl-devel
             *  错误A：：又又报错：
             *  错误A2：具体报错内容与错误A一模一样。
             *  错误A2-解决方案：重装python，编译时加上with-ssl参数
             *  重试步骤A-报错：
             *  错误A3：pip版本过低。
             *  解决方案A3：升级pip
             *  重试步骤A - 又又又又报错：
             *  错误A4： RuntimeError: By default one of Airflow's dependencies installs a GPL dependency (unidecode)
             *  解决方案A4：配置airflow相关环境变量
             *  重试步骤A：又又又又又报错：
             *  错误A5：OSError: mysql\_config not found：
             *  解决方案A5：安装OS缺少的mysql相关组件
             *  重试步骤A：终于，下载airflow依赖成功!
         *  步骤2：安装airflow
         *   *  errorB： gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directory
             *  解决方案B：安装gcc-c++
             *  重试步骤B 又报错：
             *  错误B0：fatal error: sasl/sasl.h: No such file or directory
             *  解决方案B0：安装sasl相关组件
             *  重试步骤B：终于，安装airflow成功了
         *  步骤3：初始化airflow数据库
         *   *  错误C：ModuleNotFoundError: No module name \_sqlite3
             *  解决方案C：安装sqlite-devel相关组件,然后重新安装python
             *  重试步骤3：初始化库成功
         *  步骤4：启动

# 前言 #

由于xx区需要使用airflow，但xx区无法连接外网。所以需要在处于互联网区的某台机器上安装调试airflow、并将airflow所需的模块及其他程序打包下载下来，供xx区机器离线安装使用。  
如下是环境/版本信息：

[flowuser@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ uname -a
    Linux VM_0_16_centos 3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jul 4 15:04:05 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
    [flowuser@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 
    [flowuser@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ pip -V
    pip 19.0.1 from /data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
    [flowuser@VM_0_16_centos ~]$ python
    Python 3.6.5 (default, Jan 29 2019, 11:10:11) 
    [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import airflow
    >>> airflow.__version__
    '1.10.2'
    >>>

# 理想的安装过程 #

理想状态下，可能只需要如下几条指令即可完成python+airflow的安装：

#------------安装python3.6.5----------------#
    ./configure --prefix=/data/flowuser/python
    
    #设置环境变量,注意$PYTHONPATH要放到$PATH之前，否则会先找$PATH中的目录下的python
    #注意设置完后加载一下： . $HOME/.bash_profile
    PYTHONPATH=/data/flowuser/python/bin:/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    PATH=$PYTHONPATH:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
    
    #----------安装airflow----------------#
    #先设置两个环境变量
    export AIRFLOW_HOME=~/airflow
    export AIRFLOW_GPL_UNIDECODE=yes
    
    #####在线安装airflow
    pip install apache-airflow[all]
    #初始化DB
    airflow initdb
    
    
    ######如果离线安装airflow
    #先把airflow所需的模块下载下来，假设下载在A目录
    pip download apache-airflow[all]
    #然后在A目录下执行
    pip install apache-airflow[all] --no-index -f ./
    #然后初始化DB
    airflow initdb
    
    #启动看看 
    airflow webserver -p 8080

# 安装总结 #

对于特定环境（也就是与我相同的OS版本、相同的python/airflow版本）是否都会出现同样的问题。如果不是偶然，则如下安装方式就算是本特定环境的“最佳实践”：

#-------------安装必要的组件，注意yum需要使用root----------------#
    #安装GCC
    yum install gcc
    
    #安装sqlite-devel组件，这个要提前安装，否则python要重装
    yum install sqlite-devel
    
    #安装openssl-devel ，否则会报 ssl module无效
    yum install openssl-devel -y 
    
    #安装gcc-c++，否则会报cc1plus不存在
    yum install gcc-c++
    
    #安装 mysql_config组件。否则会报 OSError: mysql_config not found
    yum install mysql-devel gcc gcc-devel python-devel
    
    #安装sasl相关组件，否则会报 sasl/sasl.h不存在
    yum install cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64
    yum install cyrus-sasl-devel.x86_64
    yum install libgsasl-devel.x86_64
    #yum install saslwrapper-devel.x86_64 #这个我看不用执行
    
    
    #------------python安装-----------------------------------------#
    #获取python安装包
    wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
    
    #编译和安装python安装包下的zlib（使用root）：进入python的安装目录下的Modules/zlib 
    cd python安装包所在目录/Modules/zlib/
    ./configure  
    make install 
    
    #编译python
    cd python安装包所在目录/
    ./configure --prefix=/data/flowuser/python --enable-shared --with-ssl
    make
    make install
    
    
    #添加软链接
    ln -s /data/flowuser/python/bin/python3 /data/flowuser/python/bin/python
    #添加python相关环境变量
    #注意在PATH中，将$PYTHONPATH放到最前面，以防PATH先在其他地方寻找python（如果OS上有其他版本并存的话）
    PYTHONPATH=/data/flowuser/python/bin:/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    PATH=$PYTHONPATH:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
    #加上环境变量，否则会报找不到libpython3.6m.so.1.0
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/data/flowuser/python/lib
    
    #升级pip，否则会报pip当前版本无效
    pip3 install --upgrade pip
    
    #-------------------airflow相关模块下载-------------------#
    #下载airflow所需所有的python模块
    pip3 download apache-airflow[all]
    
    #配置airflow需要的环境变量，注意加载
    export AIRFLOW_HOME=~/airflow
    export AIRFLOW_GPL_UNIDECODE=yes
    
    #安装airfow,在airflow的下载目录中
    pip3 install apache-airflow[all] --no-index -f ./
    
    #初始化库
    airflow initdb
    
    #尝试启动
    airflow webserver -p 端口

# 实际的安装过程 #

实际的安装过程很坎坷，好在安装成功。这次安装的完整过程记录如下：  
（步骤step：表示安装主顺序，error表示发生错误，solution表示错误解决方案，重复步骤retry-step表示重复某step的执行指令。）

## python的安装 ##

### 步骤1：获取python ###

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz

### 步骤2：编译python ###

由于一台机器有多个应用，并为后续方便迁移，不能将本次python安装在默认目录。因此在编译时需要指定目录：

#注意先mkdir $HOME/python 再cd到安装包的解压后的目录，然后编译：
    ./configure --prefix=/data/flowuser/python

#### 报错1： no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH ####

configure: error: in /data/flowuser/sourcepkg/Python-3.6.5': configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH see `config.log' for more details

#### 报错1-解决方案：安装gcc ####

#使用root用户安装gc
    yum install gcc

#### 重试步骤2：编译python，configure 编译配置成功 ####

--------------------

### 步骤3：安装python ###

#回到应用用户， cd到安装包的解压后的目录，然后执行：
    make
    make install

#### 报错2： zipimport.ZipImportError: can’t decompress data; zlib not available ####

在make install时候报错:

Traceback (most recent call last):  
File “/data/flowuser/sourcepkg/Python-3.6.5/Lib/runpy.py”, line 193, in \_run\_module\_as\_main  
“**main**”, mod\_spec)  
File “/data/flowuser/sourcepkg/Python-3.6.5/Lib/runpy.py”, line 85, in \_run\_code  
exec(code, run\_globals)  
File “/data/flowuser/sourcepkg/Python-3.6.5/Lib/ensurepip/**main**.py”, line 5, in  
sys.exit(ensurepip.\_main())  
File “/data/flowuser/sourcepkg/Python-3.6.5/Lib/ensurepip/**init**.py”, line 204, in \_main  
default\_pip=args.default\_pip,  
File “/data/flowuser/sourcepkg/Python-3.6.5/Lib/ensurepip/**init**.py”, line 117, in \_bootstrap  
return \_run\_pip(args + \[p\[0\] for p in \_PROJECTS\], additional\_paths)  
File “/data/flowuser/sourcepkg/Python-3.6.5/Lib/ensurepip/**init**.py”, line 27, in \_run\_pip  
import pip  
**zipimport.ZipImportError: can’t decompress data; zlib not available**  
make: \*\*\* \[install\] Error 1

#### 报错2-解决方案：编译&安装zlib ####

#注意，这个操作可能需要root用户权限
    #先在python的解压目录下，进入Modules/zlib ，
    cd ./Modules/zlib
    #在这个目录下执行：
    ./configure  
    make install

#### 重试步骤3 ####

重新执行step3时，只要执行`make install`即可。

--------------------

### 步骤4：设置环境变量 ###

本次安装并未安装在默认的目录下，所以注意设置环境变量。  
本次python的安装路径为–prefix=/data/flowuser/python，因此需要设置几个地方：

a. 在安装目录下面建立软连接：

ln -s /data/flowuser/python/bin/python3 /data/flowuser/python/bin/python

b. 在.bash\_profile中添加环境变量

#注意在PATH中，将$PYTHONPATH放到最前面，以防PATH先在其他地方寻找python（如果OS上有其他版本并存的话）
    PYTHONPATH=/data/flowuser/python/bin:/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages
    PATH=$PYTHONPATH:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

--------------------

### (至此，貌似python的安装已经结束，接下来安装airflow。实际上，python过会儿还得重装！！！) ###

--------------------

## airflow的安装 ##

按前言所叙，本次安装其实是为了获取airflow所依赖的各个模块、以及作为在xx区离线安装airflow。因此，这里的airflow用的是离线安装。

### 步骤A：下载airflow ###

#下载airflow所需所有的python模块
    pip3 download apache-airflow[all]

#### 错误A： however the ssl module in Python is not available ####

**pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.**

#### 错误A-方案：编译python时加上enable-shared参数 ####

#重装python，编译时加上--enable-shared参数
    ./configure --prefix=/data/flowuser/python --enable-shared
    make && make install

#### 重试步骤A ####

#### 错误A-1：libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory ####

**/data/flowuser/python/bin/python3.6: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.**

#### 错误A-1-方案：加上环境变量LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH ####

推荐在用户home目录下bash\_profiles文件配置，然后source  
vim ~/.bash\_profiles  
source ~/.bash\_profiles

#加上如下环境变量，注意加载
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/data/flowuser/python/lib

#### 重试步骤A 又报错： ####

#### 错误A：具体报错内容与错误A一模一样。 ####

#### 错误A-方案：安装openssl-devel ####

#检查openssl-devel安装情况
    rpm -aq|grep openssl 
      openssl-libs-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64
      openssl-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64
    #上面发现没有，则下载安装（必须使用root）
    yum install openssl-devel -y 
    #再次检查
    rpm -aq|grep openssl 
      openssl-devel-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64
      openssl-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64
      openssl-libs-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64

#### 错误A：：又又报错： ####

#### 错误A2：具体报错内容与错误A一模一样。 ####

#### 错误A2-解决方案：重装python，编译时加上with-ssl参数 ####

#又重装了python，这次加上了--with-ssl
    ./configure --prefix=/data/flowuser/python --enable-shared --with-ssl
    make
    make install

#### 重试步骤A-报错： ####

#### 错误A3：pip版本过低。 ####

Command “python [setup.py][] egg\_info” failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-r\_34wkyl/apache-airflow/  
**You are using pip version 9.0.3, however version 19.0.1 is available.**  
**You should consider upgrading via the ‘pip install --upgrade pip’ command.**

#### 解决方案A3：升级pip ####

pip3 install --upgrade pip

#### 重试步骤A - 又又又又报错： ####

#### 错误A4： RuntimeError: By default one of Airflow’s dependencies installs a GPL dependency (unidecode) ####

File was already downloaded /data/flowuser/sourcepkg/getairflow/apache-airflow-1.10.2.tar.gz  
Complete output from command python [setup.py][] egg\_info:  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
File “”, line 1, in  
File “/tmp/pip-download-b3963a08/apache-airflow/setup.py”, line 429, in  
do\_setup()  
File “/tmp/pip-download-b3963a08/apache-airflow/setup.py”, line 287, in do\_setup  
verify\_gpl\_dependency()  
File “/tmp/pip-download-b3963a08/apache-airflow/setup.py”, line 53, in verify\_gpl\_dependency  
raise RuntimeError("By default one of Airflow’s dependencies installs a GPL "  
\*\* RuntimeError: By default one of Airflow’s dependencies installs a GPL dependency (unidecode). To avoid this dependency set SLUGIFY\_USES\_TEXT\_UNIDECODE=yes in your environment when you install or upgrade Airflow. To force installing the GPL version set AIRFLOW\_GPL\_UNIDECODE\*\*

#### 解决方案A4：配置airflow相关环境变量 ####

#新增环境变量，注意加载
    export AIRFLOW_HOME=~/airflow
    export AIRFLOW_GPL_UNIDECODE=yes

#### 重试步骤A：又又又又又报错： ####

#### 错误A5：OSError: mysql\_config not found： ####

Saved ./mysqlclient-1.4.1.tar.gz  
Complete output from command python [setup.py][] egg\_info:  
/bin/sh: mysql\_config: command not found  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
File “”, line 1, in  
File “/tmp/pip-download-b1d3gupy/mysqlclient/setup.py”, line 16, in  
metadata, options = get\_config()  
File “/tmp/pip-download-b1d3gupy/mysqlclient/setup\_posix.py”, line 51, in get\_config  
libs = mysql\_config(“libs”)  
**File “/tmp/pip-download-b1d3gupy/mysqlclient/setup\_posix.py”, line 29, in mysql\_config**  
\*\* raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % (\_mysql\_config\_path,))  
 OSError: mysql\_config not found\*\*

#### 解决方案A5：安装OS缺少的mysql相关组件 ####

#注意使用root用户
    yum install mysql-devel gcc gcc-devel python-devel

#### 重试步骤A：终于，下载airflow依赖成功! ####

--------------------

### 步骤2：安装airflow ###

#在airflow的下载目录中，执行
    pip3 install apache-airflow[all] --no-index -f ./

#### errorB： gcc: error trying to exec ‘cc1plus’: execvp: No such file or directory ####

Running [setup.py][] install for\*\* JPype1 … error\*\*  
Complete output from command /data/flowuser/python/bin/python3.6 -u -c “import setuptools, tokenize;**file**=’/tmp/pip-install-56x6guf7/JPype1/setup.py’;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘open’, open)(**file**);code=f.read().replace(’\\r\\n’, ‘\\n’);f.close();exec(compile(code, **file**, ‘exec’))” install --record /tmp/pip-record-3zwi9q\_v/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:  
…  
running build\_ext  
\*\* /tmp/pip-install-56x6guf7/JPype1/setup.py:173: FeatureNotice: Turned ON Numpy support for fast Java array access\*\*  
\*\* FeatureNotice)  
 building ‘\_jpype’ extension\*\*  
\*\* creating build/temp.linux-x86\_64-3.6\*\*  
\*\* creating build/temp.linux-x86\_64-3.6/native\*\*  
\*\* creating build/temp.linux-x86\_64-3.6/native/common\*\*  
\*\* creating build/temp.linux-x86\_64-3.6/native/python\*\*  
\*\* gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DHAVE\_NUMPY=1 -Inative/common/include -Inative/python/include -Inative/jni\_include -I/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/data/flowuser/python/include/python3.6m -c native/common/jp\_array.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86\_64-3.6/native/common/jp\_array.o -ggdb\*\*  
\*\* gcc: error trying to exec ‘cc1plus’: execvp: No such file or directory\*\*  
\*\* error: command ‘gcc’ failed with exit status 1\*\*

#### 解决方案B：安装gcc-c++ ####

#注意使用root用户
    yum install gcc-c++
    #另外，刚才安装airflow的时候还有两个警告，也顺便把它解决了：
    #google-cloud-spanner 1.7.1 has requirement google-cloud-core<0.30dev,>=0.29.0, but you'll have google-cloud-core 0.28.1 which is incompatible.
    #google-cloud-bigquery 1.8.1 has requirement google-cloud-core<0.30dev,>=0.29.0, but you'll have google-cloud-core 0.28.1 which is incompatible.
    wget https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0c/f2/3c225e7a69cb27d283b68bff867722bd066bc1858611180197f711815ea5/google_cloud_core-0.29.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

#### 重试步骤B 又报错： ####

#### 错误B0：fatal error: sasl/sasl.h: No such file or directory ####

Running [setup.py][] install for sasl … error  
Complete output from command /data/flowuser/python/bin/python3.6 -u -c “import setuptools, tokenize;**file**=’/tmp/pip-install-0l2m6t4c/sasl/setup.py’;f=getattr(tokenize, ‘open’, open)(**file**);code=f.read().replace(’\\r\\n’, ‘\\n’);f.close();exec(compile(code, **file**, ‘exec’))” install --record /tmp/pip-record-d9j9kpz5/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:  
…  
creating build/temp.linux-x86\_64-3.6/sasl  
\*\* gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -Isasl -I/data/flowuser/python/include/python3.6m -c sasl/saslwrapper.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86\_64-3.6/sasl/saslwrapper.o\*\*  
\*\* cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++ \[enabled by default\]  
 In file included from sasl/saslwrapper.cpp:254:0:  
 sasl/saslwrapper.h:22:23: fatal error: sasl/sasl.h: No such file or directory\*\*  
\*\* \#include <sasl/sasl.h>  
 ^  
 compilation terminated.  
 error: command ‘gcc’ failed with exit status 1\*\*

#### 解决方案B0：安装sasl相关组件 ####

#注意使用root用户
    yum install cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64
    yum install cyrus-sasl-devel.x86_64
    yum install libgsasl-devel.x86_64
    #yum install saslwrapper-devel.x86_64 #这个我看不用执行

#### 重试步骤B：终于，安装airflow成功了 ####

--------------------

### 步骤3：初始化airflow数据库 ###

airflow initdb

#### 错误C：ModuleNotFoundError: No module name \_sqlite3 ####

Traceback (most recent call last):  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/dialects/sqlite/pysqlite.py”, line 338, in dbapi  
from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite  
**ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pysqlite2’**  
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
File “/data/flowuser/python/bin/airflow”, line 21, in  
from airflow import configuration  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/airflow/**init**.py”, line 36, in  
from airflow import settings, configuration as conf  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/airflow/settings.py”, line 266, in  
configure\_orm()  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/airflow/settings.py”, line 188, in configure\_orm  
engine = create\_engine(SQL\_ALCHEMY\_CONN, \*\*engine\_args)  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/**init**.py”, line 431, in create\_engine  
return strategy.create(\*args, \*\*kwargs)  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/strategies.py”, line 87, in create  
dbapi = dialect\_cls.dbapi(\*\*dbapi\_args)  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/dialects/sqlite/pysqlite.py”, line 343, in dbapi  
raise e  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/dialects/sqlite/pysqlite.py”, line 341, in dbapi  
from sqlite3 import dbapi2 as sqlite \# try 2.5+ stdlib name.  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/**init**.py”, line 23, in  
from sqlite3.dbapi2 import \*  
File “/data/flowuser/python/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.py”, line 27, in  
\*\*from \_sqlite3 import \*\*\*  
**ModuleNotFoundError: No module name \_sqlite3**

#### 解决方案C：安装sqlite-devel相关组件,然后重新安装python ####

#注意使用root用户
    yum install sqlite-devel
    #然后重新安装python
    ./configure --prefix=/data/flowuser/python --enable-shared --with-ssl

#### 重试步骤3：初始化库成功 ####

--------------------

### 步骤4：启动 ###

airflow webserver -p 端口

[setup.py]: http://setup.py