Ubuntu18.04下安装配置Maven及踩坑记

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2021-09-23 00:52 516阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  下载Maven
 *  安装Maven
 *  配置Maven
 *  使用Maven
 *  踩坑1：eclipse创建maven项目时失败
 *  踩坑2：maven pom文件报错

# 下载Maven #

1.  搜索进入\[maven官网\]:([https://maven.apache.org/][https_maven.apache.org])；
2.  选择并下载合适的版本(最好选择最新版本的前一个版本）及合适格式（ubuntu下选择tar.gz格式，windows下选择zip格式）的maven；
3.  这里我选择的是[3.6.1版本的maven][3.6.1_maven]，默认下载到了`~/下载`路径下。

# 安装Maven #

1.  进入maven下载路径下
    
        cd ~/下载
2.  解压文件
    
        tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.1
3.  将文件移动到合适的路径下（通常为`/opt` 或者`/usr/local`路径下）
    
        sudo mv apache-maven-3.6.1 /usr/local/apache/

# 配置Maven #

*  配置环境变量`*`
    
    1.  编辑配置文件（全局用户配置或者个人用户配置）
        
            sudo vim /etc/profile 或者 vim ~/.profile
    2.  添加下面命令（M2\_HOME为变量名，然后是maven文件路径）
        
            export M2_HOME=/usr/local/apache/apache-maven-3.6.1
            export PATH=${M2_HOME}/bin:$PATH
 *  配置国内阿里云镜像来加速
    
    1.  编辑maven配置文件
        
            vim /usr/local/apache/apache-maven-3.6.1/conf/settings.xml
    2.  更换为阿里云镜像源
        
            <mirror>
            <id>aliyunmaven</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
            </mirror>
    3.  [配置参考自官方文档][Link 1]

# 使用Maven #

*  帮助命令
    
        mvn -help

# 踩坑1：eclipse创建maven项目时失败 #

*  报错如下：  
    Could not resolve archetype org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:1.0 from any of the configured repositories. Could not resolve artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 Failure to transfer org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 from [https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2][https_repo.maven.apache.org_maven2] was cached in the local repository, resolution will not be reattempted until the update interval of central has elapsed or updates are forced. Original error: Could not transfer artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 from/to central ([https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2][https_repo.maven.apache.org_maven2]): connect timed out Failure to transfer org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 from [https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2][https_repo.maven.apache.org_maven2] was cached in the local repository, resolution will not be reattempted until the update interval of central has elapsed or updates are forced. Original error: Could not transfer artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0 from/to central ([https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2][https_repo.maven.apache.org_maven2]): connect timed out
 *  分析及解决方案：
    
    1.  简要分析： 翻译：maven-archetype-webapp:pom:1.0已经缓存在本地了，直到中心更新间隔已过或者强制更新之前不会再有解决方案。
    2.  解决方案：删除maven-archetype本地缓存
        
            sudo rm -rf ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven*

# 踩坑2：maven pom文件报错 #

*  报错如下：  
    Failure to transfer org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:pom:2.22.2 from [https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2][https_repo.maven.apache.org_maven2] was cached in the local repository, resolution will not be reattempted until the update interval of central has elapsed or updates are forced.
 *  解决方案：
    
    1.  删除本地仓库此插件：maven-surefire-plugin
        
            rm -rf ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-surefire-plugin
    2.  更新项目  
        右键项目->maven->Update Project 勾上Force Update of Snapshots/Releases即可。

[https_maven.apache.org]: https://maven.apache.org/
[3.6.1_maven]: http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.6.1/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.1-bin.tar.gz
[Link 1]: https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/102512.html
[https_repo.maven.apache.org_maven2]: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2