socket深入学习

绝地灬酷狼 2021-09-21 21:02 403阅读 0赞

socket（domain，type，protocol）

1、domain  PF协议族和AF地址族概念划分不同，底层调用为对应关系，只是逻辑区分（是否在不同的系统、网卡上面有不同的对应）

/\* Protocol families.  \*/  
\#define PF\_UNSPEC    0    /\* Unspecified.  \*/  
\#define PF\_LOCAL    1    /\* Local to host (pipes and file-domain).  \*/  
\#define PF\_UNIX        PF\_LOCAL /\* POSIX name for PF\_LOCAL.  \*/  
\#define PF\_FILE        PF\_LOCAL /\* Another non-standard name for PF\_LOCAL.  \*/  
\#define PF\_INET        2    /\* IP protocol family.  \*/  
\#define PF\_AX25        3    /\* Amateur Radio AX.25.  \*/  
\#define PF\_IPX        4    /\* Novell Internet Protocol.  \*/  
\#define PF\_APPLETALK    5    /\* Appletalk DDP.  \*/  
\#define PF\_NETROM    6    /\* Amateur radio NetROM.  \*/  
\#define PF\_BRIDGE    7    /\* Multiprotocol bridge.  \*/  
\#define PF\_ATMPVC    8    /\* ATM PVCs.  \*/  
\#define PF\_X25        9    /\* Reserved for X.25 project.  \*/  
\#define PF\_INET6    10    /\* IP version 6.  \*/  
\#define PF\_ROSE        11    /\* Amateur Radio X.25 PLP.  \*/  
\#define PF\_DECnet    12    /\* Reserved for DECnet project.  \*/  
\#define PF\_NETBEUI    13    /\* Reserved for 802.2LLC project.  \*/  
\#define PF\_SECURITY    14    /\* Security callback pseudo AF.  \*/  
\#define PF\_KEY        15    /\* PF\_KEY key management API.  \*/  
\#define PF\_NETLINK    16  
\#define PF\_ROUTE    PF\_NETLINK /\* Alias to emulate 4.4BSD.  \*/  
\#define PF\_PACKET    17    /\* Packet family.  \*/  
\#define PF\_ASH        18    /\* Ash.  \*/  
\#define PF\_ECONET    19    /\* Acorn Econet.  \*/  
\#define PF\_ATMSVC    20    /\* ATM SVCs.  \*/  
\#define PF\_RDS        21    /\* RDS sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_SNA        22    /\* Linux SNA Project \*/  
\#define PF\_IRDA        23    /\* IRDA sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_PPPOX    24    /\* PPPoX sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_WANPIPE    25    /\* Wanpipe API sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_LLC        26    /\* Linux LLC.  \*/  
\#define PF\_IB        27    /\* Native InfiniBand address.  \*/  
\#define PF\_MPLS        28    /\* MPLS.  \*/  
\#define PF\_CAN        29    /\* Controller Area Network.  \*/  
\#define PF\_TIPC        30    /\* TIPC sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_BLUETOOTH    31    /\* Bluetooth sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_IUCV        32    /\* IUCV sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_RXRPC    33    /\* RxRPC sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_ISDN        34    /\* mISDN sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_PHONET    35    /\* Phonet sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_IEEE802154    36    /\* IEEE 802.15.4 sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_CAIF        37    /\* CAIF sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_ALG        38    /\* Algorithm sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_NFC        39    /\* NFC sockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_VSOCK    40    /\* vSockets.  \*/  
\#define PF\_MAX        41    /\* For now..  \*/

2、type

/\* Types of sockets.  \*/  
enum \_\_socket\_type  
\{  
  SOCK\_STREAM = 1,        /\* Sequenced, reliable, connection-based  
                   byte streams.  \*/  
\#define SOCK\_STREAM SOCK\_STREAM  
  SOCK\_DGRAM = 2,        /\* Connectionless, unreliable datagrams  
                   of fixed maximum length.  \*/  
\#define SOCK\_DGRAM SOCK\_DGRAM  
  SOCK\_RAW = 3,            /\* Raw protocol interface.  \*/  
\#define SOCK\_RAW SOCK\_RAW  
  SOCK\_RDM = 4,            /\* Reliably-delivered messages.  \*/  
\#define SOCK\_RDM SOCK\_RDM  
  SOCK\_SEQPACKET = 5,        /\* Sequenced, reliable, connection-based,  
                   datagrams of fixed maximum length.  \*/  
\#define SOCK\_SEQPACKET SOCK\_SEQPACKET  
  SOCK\_DCCP = 6,        /\* Datagram Congestion Control Protocol.  \*/  
\#define SOCK\_DCCP SOCK\_DCCP  
  SOCK\_PACKET = 10,        /\* Linux specific way of getting packets  
                   at the dev level.  For writing rarp and  
                   other similar things on the user level. \*/  
\#define SOCK\_PACKET SOCK\_PACKET

/\* Flags to be ORed into the type parameter of socket and socketpair and  
     used for the flags parameter of paccept.  \*/

SOCK\_CLOEXEC = 02000000,    /\* Atomically set close-on-exec flag for the  
                   new descriptor(s).  \*/  
\#define SOCK\_CLOEXEC SOCK\_CLOEXEC  
  SOCK\_NONBLOCK = 00004000    /\* Atomically mark descriptor(s) as  
                   non-blocking.  \*/  
\#define SOCK\_NONBLOCK SOCK\_NONBLOCK  
\};

3、protocol

/\* Standard well-defined IP protocols.  \*/  
enum  
  \{  
    IPPROTO\_IP = 0,       /\* Dummy protocol for TCP.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_IP        IPPROTO\_IP  
    IPPROTO\_ICMP = 1,       /\* Internet Control Message Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_ICMP        IPPROTO\_ICMP  
    IPPROTO\_IGMP = 2,       /\* Internet Group Management Protocol. \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_IGMP        IPPROTO\_IGMP  
    IPPROTO\_IPIP = 4,       /\* IPIP tunnels (older KA9Q tunnels use 94).  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_IPIP        IPPROTO\_IPIP  
    IPPROTO\_TCP = 6,       /\* Transmission Control Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_TCP        IPPROTO\_TCP  
    IPPROTO\_EGP = 8,       /\* Exterior Gateway Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_EGP        IPPROTO\_EGP  
    IPPROTO\_PUP = 12,       /\* PUP protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_PUP        IPPROTO\_PUP  
    IPPROTO\_UDP = 17,       /\* User Datagram Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_UDP        IPPROTO\_UDP  
    IPPROTO\_IDP = 22,       /\* XNS IDP protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_IDP        IPPROTO\_IDP  
    IPPROTO\_TP = 29,       /\* SO Transport Protocol Class 4.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_TP        IPPROTO\_TP  
    IPPROTO\_DCCP = 33,       /\* Datagram Congestion Control Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_DCCP        IPPROTO\_DCCP  
    IPPROTO\_IPV6 = 41,     /\* IPv6 header.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_IPV6        IPPROTO\_IPV6  
    IPPROTO\_RSVP = 46,       /\* Reservation Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_RSVP        IPPROTO\_RSVP  
    IPPROTO\_GRE = 47,       /\* General Routing Encapsulation.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_GRE        IPPROTO\_GRE  
    IPPROTO\_ESP = 50,      /\* encapsulating security payload.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_ESP        IPPROTO\_ESP  
    IPPROTO\_AH = 51,       /\* authentication header.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_AH        IPPROTO\_AH  
    IPPROTO\_MTP = 92,       /\* Multicast Transport Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_MTP        IPPROTO\_MTP  
    IPPROTO\_BEETPH = 94,   /\* IP option pseudo header for BEET.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_BEETPH        IPPROTO\_BEETPH  
    IPPROTO\_ENCAP = 98,       /\* Encapsulation Header.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_ENCAP        IPPROTO\_ENCAP  
    IPPROTO\_PIM = 103,       /\* Protocol Independent Multicast.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_PIM        IPPROTO\_PIM  
    IPPROTO\_COMP = 108,       /\* Compression Header Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_COMP        IPPROTO\_COMP  
    IPPROTO\_SCTP = 132,       /\* Stream Control Transmission Protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_SCTP        IPPROTO\_SCTP  
    IPPROTO\_UDPLITE = 136, /\* UDP-Lite protocol.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_UDPLITE        IPPROTO\_UDPLITE  
    IPPROTO\_MPLS = 137,    /\* MPLS in IP.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_MPLS        IPPROTO\_MPLS  
    IPPROTO\_RAW = 255,       /\* Raw IP packets.  \*/  
\#define IPPROTO\_RAW        IPPROTO\_RAW  
    IPPROTO\_MAX  
  \};

以太网卡for BSDsocket on linux Ethernet IEEE 802.3 interface，htons

/\*  
 \*    IEEE 802.3 Ethernet magic constants.  The frame sizes omit the preamble  
 \*    and FCS/CRC (frame check sequence).  
 \*/

\#define ETH\_ALEN    6        /\* Octets in one ethernet addr     \*/  
\#define ETH\_HLEN    14        /\* Total octets in header.     \*/  
\#define ETH\_ZLEN    60        /\* Min. octets in frame sans FCS \*/  
\#define ETH\_DATA\_LEN    1500        /\* Max. octets in payload     \*/  
\#define ETH\_FRAME\_LEN    1514        /\* Max. octets in frame sans FCS \*/  
\#define ETH\_FCS\_LEN    4        /\* Octets in the FCS         \*/

/\*  
 \*    These are the defined Ethernet Protocol ID's.  
 \*/

\#define ETH\_P\_LOOP    0x0060        /\* Ethernet Loopback packet    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PUP    0x0200        /\* Xerox PUP packet        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PUPAT    0x0201        /\* Xerox PUP Addr Trans packet    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_TSN    0x22F0        /\* TSN (IEEE 1722) packet    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_IP    0x0800        /\* Internet Protocol packet    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_X25    0x0805        /\* CCITT X.25            \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_ARP    0x0806        /\* Address Resolution packet    \*/  
\#define    ETH\_P\_BPQ    0x08FF        /\* G8BPQ AX.25 Ethernet Packet    \[ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID \] \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_IEEEPUP    0x0a00        /\* Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP packet \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_IEEEPUPAT    0x0a01        /\* Xerox IEEE802.3 PUP Addr Trans packet \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_BATMAN    0x4305        /\* B.A.T.M.A.N.-Advanced packet \[ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID \] \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_DEC       0x6000          /\* DEC Assigned proto           \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_DNA\_DL    0x6001          /\* DEC DNA Dump/Load            \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_DNA\_RC    0x6002          /\* DEC DNA Remote Console       \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_DNA\_RT    0x6003          /\* DEC DNA Routing              \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_LAT       0x6004          /\* DEC LAT                      \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_DIAG      0x6005          /\* DEC Diagnostics              \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_CUST      0x6006          /\* DEC Customer use             \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_SCA       0x6007          /\* DEC Systems Comms Arch       \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_TEB    0x6558        /\* Trans Ether Bridging        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_RARP      0x8035        /\* Reverse Addr Res packet    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_ATALK    0x809B        /\* Appletalk DDP        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_AARP    0x80F3        /\* Appletalk AARP        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_8021Q    0x8100          /\* 802.1Q VLAN Extended Header  \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_IPX    0x8137        /\* IPX over DIX            \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_IPV6    0x86DD        /\* IPv6 over bluebook        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PAUSE    0x8808        /\* IEEE Pause frames. See 802.3 31B \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_SLOW    0x8809        /\* Slow Protocol. See 802.3ad 43B \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_WCCP    0x883E        /\* Web-cache coordination protocol  
                     \* defined in draft-wilson-wrec-wccp-v2-00.txt \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_MPLS\_UC    0x8847        /\* MPLS Unicast traffic        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_MPLS\_MC    0x8848        /\* MPLS Multicast traffic    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_ATMMPOA    0x884c        /\* MultiProtocol Over ATM    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PPP\_DISC    0x8863        /\* PPPoE discovery messages     \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PPP\_SES    0x8864        /\* PPPoE session messages    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_LINK\_CTL    0x886c        /\* HPNA, wlan link local tunnel \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_ATMFATE    0x8884        /\* Frame-based ATM Transport  
                     \* over Ethernet  
                     \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PAE    0x888E        /\* Port Access Entity (IEEE 802.1X) \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_AOE    0x88A2        /\* ATA over Ethernet        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_8021AD    0x88A8          /\* 802.1ad Service VLAN        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_802\_EX1    0x88B5        /\* 802.1 Local Experimental 1.  \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_TIPC    0x88CA        /\* TIPC             \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_8021AH    0x88E7          /\* 802.1ah Backbone Service Tag \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_MVRP    0x88F5          /\* 802.1Q MVRP                  \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_1588    0x88F7        /\* IEEE 1588 Timesync \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PRP    0x88FB        /\* IEC 62439-3 PRP/HSRv0    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_FCOE    0x8906        /\* Fibre Channel over Ethernet  \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_TDLS    0x890D          /\* TDLS \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_FIP    0x8914        /\* FCoE Initialization Protocol \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_80221    0x8917        /\* IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover Protocol \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_LOOPBACK    0x9000        /\* Ethernet loopback packet, per IEEE 802.3 \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_QINQ1    0x9100        /\* deprecated QinQ VLAN \[ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID \] \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_QINQ2    0x9200        /\* deprecated QinQ VLAN \[ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID \] \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_QINQ3    0x9300        /\* deprecated QinQ VLAN \[ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID \] \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_EDSA    0xDADA        /\* Ethertype DSA \[ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID \] \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_AF\_IUCV   0xFBFB        /\* IBM af\_iucv \[ NOT AN OFFICIALLY REGISTERED ID \] \*/

\#define ETH\_P\_802\_3\_MIN    0x0600        /\* If the value in the ethernet type is less than this value  
                     \* then the frame is Ethernet II. Else it is 802.3 \*/

/\*  
 \*    Non DIX types. Won't clash for 1500 types.  
 \*/

\#define ETH\_P\_802\_3    0x0001        /\* Dummy type for 802.3 frames  \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_AX25    0x0002        /\* Dummy protocol id for AX.25  \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_ALL    0x0003        /\* Every packet (be careful!!!) \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_802\_2    0x0004        /\* 802.2 frames         \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_SNAP    0x0005        /\* Internal only        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_DDCMP     0x0006          /\* DEC DDCMP: Internal only     \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_WAN\_PPP   0x0007          /\* Dummy type for WAN PPP frames\*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PPP\_MP    0x0008          /\* Dummy type for PPP MP frames \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_LOCALTALK 0x0009        /\* Localtalk pseudo type     \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_CAN    0x000C        /\* CAN: Controller Area Network \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_CANFD    0x000D        /\* CANFD: CAN flexible data rate\*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PPPTALK    0x0010        /\* Dummy type for Atalk over PPP\*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_TR\_802\_2    0x0011        /\* 802.2 frames         \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_MOBITEX    0x0015        /\* Mobitex (kaz@cafe.net)    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_CONTROL    0x0016        /\* Card specific control frames \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_IRDA    0x0017        /\* Linux-IrDA            \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_ECONET    0x0018        /\* Acorn Econet            \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_HDLC    0x0019        /\* HDLC frames            \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_ARCNET    0x001A        /\* 1A for ArcNet :-)            \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_DSA    0x001B        /\* Distributed Switch Arch.    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_TRAILER    0x001C        /\* Trailer switch tagging    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_PHONET    0x00F5        /\* Nokia Phonet frames          \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_IEEE802154 0x00F6        /\* IEEE802.15.4 frame        \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_CAIF    0x00F7        /\* ST-Ericsson CAIF protocol    \*/  
\#define ETH\_P\_XDSA    0x00F8        /\* Multiplexed DSA protocol    \*/