Elasticsearch就这么简单

你的名字 2021-09-15 01:48 412阅读 0赞

# 一、前言 #

最近有点想弄一个站内搜索的功能，之前学过了Lucene，后来又听过Solr这个名词。接着在了解全文搜索的时候就发现了Elasticsearch这个，他也是以Lucene为基础的。

我去搜了几篇Elasticsearch教程，发现很多都是基于linux的，但我linux耍得并不熟，很少用。仅仅会一些简单的命令，等真正去用到linux的时候再慢慢啃吧。

于是发现了一篇写得很好的教程：

[http://blog.csdn.net/laoyang360/article/details/52244917][http_blog.csdn.net_laoyang360_article_details_52244917]

首先是对Elasticsearch的安装，上面那篇教程也有说，并且给出了一键安装的脚本。这里就用来记录我个人的安装历程吧。

**PS：2018年3月22日18:58:12更新：这里我已经不建议在Windows下装Elasticsearch了，因为装起来还是麻烦，也有一堆的小问题~(后面也有在Linux下配置Elasticsearch的过程，建议用linux环境下学习Elasticsearch(要是学生建议去买个服务器，有优惠的),实在不想出钱，用虚拟机也行~**

# 二、Windows下安装Elasticsearch(不建议) #

## 2.1安装Elasticsearch ##

安装Elasticsearch以window服务的方式来运行，**它的给出的版本是2.3.3。于是我也去安装2.3.3了**。

在官网上可以在搜索框中查找对应的版本

![162503ecfa002d6e_w_1554_h_302_f_png_s_39714][]

要以windows服务的方式运行，教程给出的链接已经挂了。我搜到了一篇

[http://www.cnblogs.com/viaiu/p/5715200.html][http_www.cnblogs.com_viaiu_p_5715200.html]

## 2.2安装head ##

安装head插件就很简单了，切换到对应的目录下，使用如下命令：

plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head

## 2.3安装kibana和Logstash插件以服务形式运行 ##

给出的连接是stackOverFlow下的提问，还有youtobe的视频。stackOverFlow并不能解决我安装过程的问题，youtobe我没联外网，也进不去。

后来，我又找到了一篇教程，也十分顺利：

[https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000010741203\#articleHeader2][https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000010741203_articleHeader2]

**Logstash下载的版本是：2.3.3与Elasticsearch对应起来。**

**下载kibana的版本是：4.5.0**

能够出现下面这种情况，说明安装成功

## 2.4安装Shield ##

plugin install license
    plugin install shield

重启，接着执行:

添加管理员

bin/shield/esusers useradd adminName -r admin

为kibana添加用户

esusers useradd kibanaserver -r kibana4_server

在其配置上(kibana.yml)添加:

kibana_elasticsearch_username: kibanaserver #Kibana服务将用这个用户名访问ElasticSearch服务器。 
    kibana_elasticsearch_password: zhongfucheng #密码

**只有配置了kibanaserver账户、才能登陆进去**

## 2.5安装分词器 ##

这次教程给出的连接就用上了，我截图主要的：

![162503ecfa45d34a_w_908_h_333_f_png_s_25657][]

ik分词器的版本是1.9.3。文章给出的是以mvn的方式打包下载。因此在**github中我们下载resouce类型的**。

**解压的时候是在zip解压到当前文件上，把conf的数据拿过去是将其源文件拿过去(不包括文件夹!)**

## 2.6拼音分词器 ##

前面下载了中文分词器，后边在看教程的时候也发现了拼音分词器，拼音分词器的安装和中文分词器安装的时候很类似

**对应Elasticsearch2.3.3版本的拼音分词器版本为：1.7.3**

Windows下装Elasticsearch到此就结束了。

# 三、Linux下安装Elasticsearch #

这是我搭建一个项目时候的笔记，

## 3.1下载Elasticsearch ##

Elasticserach的下载还是非常方便的，提供搜索来进行下载。这里我就不贴链接了。直接去官网找就行了。或者去我的Elasticsearch学习记录中找。

下载了2.3.3版本，因为我在windows开发的时候也是下载2.3.3版本的，就为了保持一致吧。

## 3.2安装Elasticsearch ##

tar -xzvf elasticsearch-2.3.3.tar.gz

切换到bin目录下执行就行了…

需要这样执行elasticsearch，如果使用的是root用户的话

./elasticsearch -d  -Des.insecure.allow.root=true

现在使用下面的语句，是可以获取得到信息的

curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200'

想要通过外网来访问的话，那么就需要修改配置文件了，参考链接[http://blog.csdn.net/u012599988/article/details/51767183][http_blog.csdn.net_u012599988_article_details_51767183]

还要在ESC服务器上开放端口才能访问：

![162503ecfa417f4e_w_807_h_469_f_png_s_20740][]

### 3.2.1下载head插件 ###

在下载head插件的时候，需要修改elasticsearch的用户和组，否则它就不让你下载。命令如下

添加用户和组

groupadd elasticsearch
    useradd  elasticsearch -g elasticsearch -p 123456

修改文件夹权限

chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch elasticsearch-2.3.3

![162503ecfaa29ff6_w_826_h_323_f_png_s_17247][]

弄完之后就可以执行命令下载head插件了。

./plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head

![162503ecfb4d9171_w_723_h_396_f_png_s_41565][]

**下载完head插件后，不要立马下载shield插件，首先在head插件上创建一个索引!**

**否则，当下载完shield插件、再访问head插件的话，就无法连接节点了!**

这搞了我好长的时间才弄好!!!!!网上也有很多人遇到过这种情况，却没什么好的回答。都在说配置文件上的事情。

我是通过在github中别人提出的issue中找到答案的。参考:[https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/issues/191\#issuecomment-132636493][https_github.com_mobz_elasticsearch-head_issues_191_issuecomment-132636493]

**记住了，先在head插件中创建索引、再下载shield插件，否则无法连接head插件!**

### 3.2.2下载权限shield ###

我在windows下开发是有下载shiled，为了保持一致，我也下载吧。

输入命令：

plugin install license
    plugin install shield

下载完就配置一个管理员用户

bin/shield/esusers useradd adminName -r admin

--------------------

> 如果文章有错的地方欢迎指正，大家互相交流。**习惯在微信看技术文章，想要获取更多的Java资源的同学，可以关注微信公众号:Java3y**

# 四、REST API #

在前面一章中已经下载了Elasticsearch和它常用的各种插件了。了解相关的概念后，我们就应该动手弄一弄Elasticsearch是怎么用的。

参考链接：

[http://blog.csdn.net/laoyang360/article/details/52244917][http_blog.csdn.net_laoyang360_article_details_52244917]

我是跟着这个教程大致把REST API走了一下，也渐渐了解了Elasticsearch的知识点了。

[http://www.yiibai.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch\_installation.html][http_www.yiibai.com_elasticsearch_elasticsearch_installation.html]

# 五、JAVA API #

我们毕竟是使用Java的，因此得知道Elasticsearch和Java是怎么连接的。我找了几篇教程：

[http://www.cnblogs.com/wenbronk/p/6383194.html][http_www.cnblogs.com_wenbronk_p_6383194.html]

[http://www.cnblogs.com/tutu21ybz/p/6835178.html][http_www.cnblogs.com_tutu21ybz_p_6835178.html]

后来找到了一篇比较系统的教程，推荐这个：

[http://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/51707023][http_blog.csdn.net_napoay_article_details_51707023]

自己也跟着教程写了Demo，其中也出了不少错误。贴上代码：

import com.carrotsearch.hppc.cursors.ObjectObjectCursor;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.close.CloseIndexResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexRequest;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.delete.DeleteIndexResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.exists.indices.IndicesExistsRequest;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.exists.indices.IndicesExistsResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.exists.types.TypesExistsResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.open.OpenIndexResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkRequestBuilder;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.deletebyquery.DeleteByQueryAction;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.deletebyquery.DeleteByQueryRequestBuilder;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.get.MultiGetItemResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.get.MultiGetResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
    import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateRequest;
    import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
    import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
    import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.MappingMetaData;
    import org.elasticsearch.common.collect.ImmutableOpenMap;
    import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
    import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
    import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
    import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
    import org.elasticsearch.script.Script;
    import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptService;
    import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHit;
    import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHits;
    import org.elasticsearch.shield.ShieldPlugin;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.UnknownHostException;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
    
    import static org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory.jsonBuilder;
    import static org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders.termQuery;
    
    import org.elasticsearch.client.transport.TransportClient;
    
    
    
    
    /** * Created by ozc on 2017/11/5. */
    public class ElasticsearchDemo { 
    
    
        /** * 创建 * @throws UnknownHostException */
        @Test
        public void CreateIndex() throws UnknownHostException {
    
             //连接客户端
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build()
                    .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
    
            //将数据转成json字符串，用集合装载起来
            List<String> jsonData = DataFactory.getInitJsonData();
    
            //创建blog索引、article类型、数据是上边的json字符串
            for (int i = 0; i < jsonData.size(); i++) {
                IndexResponse response = client.prepareIndex("blog", "article","1").setSource(jsonData.get(i)).get();
    
                if (response.isCreated()) {
                    System.out.println("创建成功!");
                }
            }
            client.close();
        }
    
    
        /** * 查询 * @throws UnknownHostException */
        @Test
        public void selectIndex() throws UnknownHostException {
    
    
    
            Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                    .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
                    .put("shield.user", "zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng")
                    .build();
            TransportClient client = TransportClient.builder()
                    .addPlugin(ShieldPlugin.class)
                    .settings(settings).build();
            client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
    
            //查询title字段中包含hibernate关键字的文档
            QueryBuilder qb1 = termQuery("title", "hibernate");
    
            //查询title字段或content字段中包含git关键字的文档:
            QueryBuilder  qb2= QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery("git", "title","content");
    
            SearchResponse response = client.prepareSearch("blog").setTypes("article").setQuery(qb2).execute()
                    .actionGet();
    
            SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
            if (hits.totalHits() > 0) {
                for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
                    System.out.println("score:"+hit.getScore()+":\t"+hit.getSource());// .get("title")
                }
            } else {
                System.out.println("搜到0条结果");
            }
        }
    
    
        /** * 使用updateRequest更新 * @throws IOException * @throws ExecutionException * @throws InterruptedException */
        @Test
        public void update1() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    
            //连接客户端
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build()
                    .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            UpdateRequest uRequest = new UpdateRequest();
            uRequest.index("blog");
            uRequest.type("article");
            uRequest.id("1");
            uRequest.doc(jsonBuilder().startObject().field("content", "学习目标 掌握java泛型的产生意义ssss").endObject());
            client.update(uRequest).get();
    
        }
    
        /** * 使用脚本更新，需要更改配置文件【我不喜欢用】 * @throws IOException * @throws ExecutionException * @throws InterruptedException */
        @Test
        public void update2() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    
            //连接客户端
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build()
                    .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            client.prepareUpdate("blog", "article", "1")
                    .setScript(new Script("ctx._source.title = \"git入门\"", ScriptService.ScriptType.INLINE, null, null))
                    .get();
    
        }
    
        /** * 使用doc更新 * @throws IOException * @throws ExecutionException * @throws InterruptedException */
        @Test
        public void update3() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    
            //连接客户端
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build()
                    .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            client.prepareUpdate("blog", "article", "1")
                    .setDoc(jsonBuilder().startObject().field("content", "SVN与Git对比222222。。。").endObject()).get();
        }
    
    
        /** * 使用updateRequest更新、能够新增新字段 * @throws IOException * @throws ExecutionException * @throws InterruptedException */
        @Test
        public void update4() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    
            //连接客户端
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build()
                    .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("blog", "article", "1")
                    .doc(jsonBuilder().startObject().field("commet", "0").endObject());
            client.update(updateRequest).get();
        }
    
    
        /** * 使用UpdateRequest更新， 如果文档不存在则创建新的索引 * @throws IOException * @throws ExecutionException * @throws InterruptedException */
        @Test
        public void update5() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    
            //连接客户端
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build()
                    .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("blog", "article", "10").source(jsonBuilder().startObject()
                    .field("title", "Git安装10").field("content", "学习目标 git。。。10").endObject());
    
            UpdateRequest uRequest2 = new UpdateRequest("blog", "article", "10").doc(
                    jsonBuilder().startObject().field("title", "Git安装").field("content", "学习目标 git。。。").endObject())
                    .upsert(indexRequest);
            client.update(uRequest2).get();
        }
    
        /** * 删除具体的索引值 * @throws IOException * @throws ExecutionException * @throws InterruptedException */
        @Test
        public void deleteSpecificIndex() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    
            //连接客户端
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build()
                    .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            DeleteResponse dResponse = client.prepareDelete("blog", "article", "10").execute()
                    .actionGet();
    
            if (dResponse.isFound()) {
                System.out.println("删除成功");
            } else {
                System.out.println("删除失败");
            }
        }
    
        /** * 根据index名称 删除整个索引库 * @throws IOException * @throws ExecutionException * @throws InterruptedException */
        @Test
        public void deleteIndex() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    
            //要删除索引库的名字
            String indexName = "zhognfucheng";
    
            if (!isIndexExists(indexName)) {
                System.out.println(indexName + " not exists");
            } else {
                Client client = TransportClient.builder().build().addTransportAddress(
                        new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),
                                9300));
    
                DeleteIndexResponse dResponse = client.admin().indices().prepareDelete(indexName)
                        .execute().actionGet();
                if (dResponse.isAcknowledged()) {
                    System.out.println("delete index "+indexName+" successfully!");
                }else{
                    System.out.println("Fail to delete index "+indexName);
                }
            }
        }
    
        // 创建索引库
        @Test
        public  void createIndex() {
    
            //要创建索引库的名称
            String indexName = "shcool";
    
    
            try {
                Client client = TransportClient.builder().build().addTransportAddress(
                        new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
                // 创建索引库
                if (isIndexExists(indexName)) {
                    System.out.println("Index " + indexName + " already exits!");
                } else {
                    CreateIndexRequest cIndexRequest = new CreateIndexRequest(indexName);
                    CreateIndexResponse cIndexResponse = client.admin().indices().create(cIndexRequest)
                            .actionGet();
                    if (cIndexResponse.isAcknowledged()) {
                        System.out.println("create index successfully！");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("Fail to create index!");
                    }
    
                }
    
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    
        /** * 批量从Elasticsearch导出json到文件中 */
        @Test
        public void ElasticSearchBulkOut() {
    
            try {
    
                //初始化
                Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                        .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch").build();// cluster.name在elasticsearch.yml
    
                //连接客户端
                Client client = TransportClient.builder().settings(settings).build()
                        .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(
                                InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
                //匹配所有查询
                QueryBuilder qb = QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery();
                SearchResponse response = client.prepareSearch("blog")
                        .setTypes("article").setQuery(qb)
                        .execute().actionGet();
    
                //获取命中记录
                SearchHits resultHits = response.getHits();
    
    
                //遍历命中记录，写到文件中
                File article = new File("C:\\ElasticsearchDemo\\src\\java\\file\\bulk.txt");
                FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(article);
                BufferedWriter bfw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
    
                if (resultHits.getHits().length == 0) {
                    System.out.println("查到0条数据!");
    
                } else {
                    for (int i = 0; i < resultHits.getHits().length; i++) {
                        String jsonStr = resultHits.getHits()[i]
                                .getSourceAsString();
                        System.out.println(jsonStr);
                        bfw.write(jsonStr);
                        bfw.write("\n");
                    }
                }
                bfw.close();
                fw.close();
    
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    
        /** * 批量导入到Elasticsearch中 */
        @Test
        public void ElasticSearchBulkInput() {
            try {
    
                Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                        .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch").build();// cluster.name在elasticsearch.yml中配置
    
                Client client = TransportClient.builder().settings(settings).build()
                        .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(
                                InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
                File article = new File("C:\\ElasticsearchDemo\\src\\java\\file\\bulk.txt");
                FileReader fr=new FileReader(article);
                BufferedReader bfr=new BufferedReader(fr);
                String line = null;
                BulkRequestBuilder bulkRequest=client.prepareBulk();
                int count=0;
                while((line=bfr.readLine())!=null){
                    bulkRequest.add(client.prepareIndex("test","article").setSource(line));
                    if (count%10==0) {
                        bulkRequest.execute().actionGet();
                    }
                    count++;
                    //System.out.println(line);
                }
                bulkRequest.execute().actionGet();
    
                bfr.close();
                fr.close();
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
        /** * 根据名称判断索引是否存在 * @param indexName * @return */
        public  boolean isIndexExists(String indexName) {
            boolean flag = false;
            try {
                Client client = TransportClient.builder().build().addTransportAddress(
                        new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
                IndicesExistsRequest inExistsRequest = new IndicesExistsRequest(indexName);
    
                //下面可判断多个索引名称是否存在
                //IndicesExistsResponse indexResponse = client.admin().indices().prepareExists("blog","blog1").execute().actionGet();
    
                IndicesExistsResponse inExistsResponse = client.admin().indices()
                        .exists(inExistsRequest).actionGet();
    
                if (inExistsResponse.isExists()) {
                    flag = true;
                } else {
                    flag = false;
                }
    
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return flag;
        }
    
    
        /** * 删除type下的所有文档 * 也就是类似关系型数据库中根据表删除所有记录 * * ps（需要下载插件plugin install delete-by-query）和导入pom包 * * ps(使用的是windows服务的方式运行Elastic，因此需要在bin目录下的使用service重启，不然就会报空指针异常！ */
        @Test
        public void deleteByQuery() throws UnknownHostException {
    
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build().addTransportAddress(
                    new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            String deletebyquery = "{\"query\": {\"match_all\": {}}}";
    
    
    
            DeleteByQueryRequestBuilder response = new DeleteByQueryRequestBuilder(client,DeleteByQueryAction.INSTANCE);
    
            response.setIndices("blog").setTypes("article").setSource(deletebyquery)
                    .execute()
                    .actionGet();
    
        }
    
    
        //-------------------------------------------------------------------
        /** * Java三层嵌套查询，我感觉是用得很少的。贴个链接把： * http://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/52060659 * <p> * 搜索有相同父id的子文档，我也感觉用得少。贴个链接吧： * http://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/52118408 * * 集群配置，现在用不上。贴个链接吧： * http://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/52202877 */
        //-------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
        /** * 删除index为blog、类型为article、id为1的索引中的id属性 * (需要在配置文件中添加以下内容），否则会出现异常 * * script.inline: on script.indexed: on script.engine.groovy.inline.aggs: on * * @throws UnknownHostException */
        @Test
        public void deleteField() throws UnknownHostException {
    
            Client client = TransportClient.builder().build().addTransportAddress(
                    new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            client.prepareUpdate("blog", "article", "1").setScript(new Script("ctx._source.remove(\"title\")",ScriptService.ScriptType.INLINE, null, null)).get();
    
    
            //删除属性中的属性
            //client.prepareUpdate("test", "document", "1").setScript(new Script( "ctx._source.processInstance.remove(\"id\")",ScriptService.ScriptType.INLINE, null, null)).get();
        }
    
    
        /** * 添加了Elasticsearch安全插件以后，连接cliet的方式就要改变了。 * * 网站给的maven坐标根本找不到，只能下载了个jar包用了。 * * 配置了Elasticsearch认证以后，kibana也需要配置，不然进不去的。 * * 链接： * http://blog.csdn.net/sd4015700/article/details/50427852 * * 当前配置的Elasticsearch zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng * 当前配置的kibana kibanaserver:zhongfucheng (ps:此部分还需要修改配置文件，详情看上边的连接) * */
        @Test
        public void changeClient() throws UnknownHostException {
            Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                    .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
                    .put("shield.user", "zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng")
                    .build();
            TransportClient client = TransportClient.builder()
                    .addPlugin(ShieldPlugin.class)
                    .settings(settings).build();
            client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
    
            System.out.println(client);
    
        }
    
    
        /** * 判断类型是否存在 * @throws UnknownHostException */
        @Test
        public void isTypeExists() throws UnknownHostException {
    
            Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                    .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
                    .put("shield.user", "zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng")
                    .build();
            TransportClient client = TransportClient.builder()
                    .addPlugin(ShieldPlugin.class)
                    .settings(settings).build();
            client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
    
            // bolg是index、article是类型
            TypesExistsResponse typeResponse = client.admin().indices()
                    .prepareTypesExists("blog").setTypes("article")
                    .execute().actionGet();
            System.out.println(typeResponse.isExists());
    
        }
    
    
        /** * 关闭索引 */
        @Test
        public void closeIndex() throws UnknownHostException {
    
    
            Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                    .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
                    .put("shield.user", "zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng")
                    .build();
            TransportClient client = TransportClient.builder()
                    .addPlugin(ShieldPlugin.class)
                    .settings(settings).build();
            client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
    
            CloseIndexResponse cIndexResponse = client.admin().indices().prepareClose("shcool")
                    .execute().actionGet();
            if (cIndexResponse.isAcknowledged()) {
                System.out.println("关闭索引成功");
            }
    
        }
    
        /** * 打开索引 * @throws UnknownHostException */
    
        @Test
        public void openIndex() throws UnknownHostException {
            Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                    .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
                    .put("shield.user", "zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng")
                    .build();
            TransportClient client = TransportClient.builder()
                    .addPlugin(ShieldPlugin.class)
                    .settings(settings).build();
            client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
    
            OpenIndexResponse oIndexResponse = client.admin().indices()
                    .prepareOpen("shcool")
                    .execute().actionGet();
    
            System.out.println(oIndexResponse.isAcknowledged());
        }
    
    
        /** * 获取文档的集合 * 可以获取同一索引、同一类型、不同id的文档集合 * 也可以获取不同索引、不同类型、不同id的文档集合 */
        @Test
        public void getDocCollection() throws UnknownHostException {
            Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                    .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
                    .put("shield.user", "zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng")
                    .build();
            TransportClient client = TransportClient.builder()
                    .addPlugin(ShieldPlugin.class)
                    .settings(settings).build();
            client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
    
            MultiGetResponse multiGetItemResponses = client.prepareMultiGet()
                    .add("blog", "article", "1")    //注释1
                    //.add("twitter", "tweet", "2", "3", "4") //注释2
                    .add("test", "article", "AV-K5x1NAQtVzQCf247Q")          //注释3
                    .get();
    
            for (MultiGetItemResponse itemResponse : multiGetItemResponses) {       //注释4
                GetResponse response = itemResponse.getResponse();
                if (response.isExists()) {                   //注释5
                    String json = response.getSourceAsString();    //注释6
                    System.out.println(json);
                }
            }
    
            /** 注释1: 通过单一的ID获取一个文档. 注释2：传入多个id，从相同的索引名/类型名中获取多个文档. 注释3：可以同时获取不同索引中的文档. 注释4：遍历结果集. 注释5：检验文档是否存在. 注释6：获取文档源. */
        }
    
    
        /** * 获取索引下每个Type和Mapping * @throws IOException */
    
        @Test
        public void getIndexTypeAndMapping() throws IOException {
    
            Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                    .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
                    .put("shield.user", "zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng")
                    .build();
            TransportClient client = TransportClient.builder()
                    .addPlugin(ShieldPlugin.class)
                    .settings(settings).build();
            client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));
    
            ImmutableOpenMap<String, MappingMetaData> mappings = client.admin().cluster().prepareState().execute()
                    .actionGet().getState().getMetaData().getIndices().get("blog").getMappings();
    
            for (ObjectObjectCursor<String, MappingMetaData> cursor : mappings) {
                System.out.println(cursor.key); // 索引下的每个type
                System.out.println(cursor.value.getSourceAsMap()); // 每个type的mapping
            }
    
    
        }
    
    
    
        /** * * Elasticsearch还有分析聚合这么一个功能，类似与Mysql中的分组函数、统计数据。 * 贴个链接： * * http://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/53484730 */
    
    
    
    
    }

上面的代码是到：[http://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/53276758][http_blog.csdn.net_napoay_article_details_53276758]为止的。

在练习Demo的时候出现了几个问题：

*  **使用shiled认证，无法下载maven坐标，只能导入jar包(官方给出的maven坐标也找不着….shield被废弃了)**
 *  使用shiled认证之后，**上面博主给出的连接ElasticSearch代码有错，抛出了异常。**上网找了几篇资料，无法解决我的问题：  
    
    
     *  [http://blog.csdn.net/sd4015700/article/details/50427852][http_blog.csdn.net_sd4015700_article_details_50427852]
     *  [http://blog.csdn.net/lvyuan1234/article/details/78227778][http_blog.csdn.net_lvyuan1234_article_details_78227778]
     *  最后在一篇博文中找到了答案：**更新连接Elasticsearch的代码**

Settings settings = Settings.settingsBuilder()
                    .put("cluster.name", "elasticsearch")
                    .put("shield.user", "zhongfucheng:zhongfucheng")
                    .build();
            TransportClient client = TransportClient.builder()
                    .addPlugin(ShieldPlugin.class)
                    .settings(settings).build();
            client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9300));

# 六、总结 #

在我的个人项目中简单用到了Elasticsearch，也遇到了不少的坑，比如：当创建Elasticsearch的Client的时候，一定要加入嗅探这么一个配置：`.put("client.transport.sniff", true)`，否则Elasticsearch在使用的时候会非常非常卡，简直令人怀疑人生。

当时我是用Elasticsearch做自动补齐的功能的，也就下面这张图片：

![162503ecfbb4d817_w_1470_h_446_f_png_s_37106][]

Elasticsearch有suggest这么一个自动提示(补齐)的功能，参考博文：

[http://blog.csdn.net/gumpeng/article/details/50346631][http_blog.csdn.net_gumpeng_article_details_50346631]

[http://www.tcao.net/article/86.html][http_www.tcao.net_article_86.html]

[http://blog.csdn.net/liyantianmin/article/details/60778273][http_blog.csdn.net_liyantianmin_article_details_60778273]

具体的操作：

*  在建立Mapping的时候创建自动补齐的这么一个字段，设置以下的Mapping

//自动补全属性--------
        .startObject("suggestName")
        .field("type", "completion")
        .field("analyzer", "standard")
        .field("payloads", "true")
        .endObject()
        //自动补全属性结束--------

当用户加入新的索引记录的时候，自动补齐字段就是我们的关键字段

public static String String2JSON(String... strings) throws IOException {
    
            String suggestName = strings[2];
            if (suggestName.length() > 0) {
    
            }
            XContentBuilder builder = jsonBuilder()
                    .startObject()
                    .field("userId", strings[0])
                    .field("webSiteAddr", strings[1])
                    .field("webSiteName", strings[2])
                    //自动补全字段
                    .field("suggestName", strings[2])
                    .endObject();
    
            return builder.string();
        }

其他基础的东西其实都是Lucene演变过来的，要是没学过Lucene可以去看看我另外一篇博文：

*  [Lucene就这么简单][Lucene]

> 如果文章有错的地方欢迎指正，大家互相交流。**习惯在微信看技术文章，想要获取更多的Java资源的同学，可以关注微信公众号:Java3y**

[http_blog.csdn.net_laoyang360_article_details_52244917]: http://blog.csdn.net/laoyang360/article/details/52244917
[162503ecfa002d6e_w_1554_h_302_f_png_s_39714]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/3/23/162503ecfa002d6e?w=1554&h=302&f=png&s=39714
[http_www.cnblogs.com_viaiu_p_5715200.html]: http://www.cnblogs.com/viaiu/p/5715200.html
[https_segmentfault.com_a_1190000010741203_articleHeader2]: https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000010741203#articleHeader2
[162503ecfa45d34a_w_908_h_333_f_png_s_25657]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/3/23/162503ecfa45d34a?w=908&h=333&f=png&s=25657
[http_blog.csdn.net_u012599988_article_details_51767183]: http://blog.csdn.net/u012599988/article/details/51767183
[162503ecfa417f4e_w_807_h_469_f_png_s_20740]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/3/23/162503ecfa417f4e?w=807&h=469&f=png&s=20740
[162503ecfaa29ff6_w_826_h_323_f_png_s_17247]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/3/23/162503ecfaa29ff6?w=826&h=323&f=png&s=17247
[162503ecfb4d9171_w_723_h_396_f_png_s_41565]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/3/23/162503ecfb4d9171?w=723&h=396&f=png&s=41565
[https_github.com_mobz_elasticsearch-head_issues_191_issuecomment-132636493]: https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/issues/191#issuecomment-132636493
[http_www.yiibai.com_elasticsearch_elasticsearch_installation.html]: http://www.yiibai.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch_installation.html
[http_www.cnblogs.com_wenbronk_p_6383194.html]: http://www.cnblogs.com/wenbronk/p/6383194.html
[http_www.cnblogs.com_tutu21ybz_p_6835178.html]: http://www.cnblogs.com/tutu21ybz/p/6835178.html
[http_blog.csdn.net_napoay_article_details_51707023]: http://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/51707023
[http_blog.csdn.net_napoay_article_details_53276758]: http://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/53276758
[http_blog.csdn.net_sd4015700_article_details_50427852]: http://blog.csdn.net/sd4015700/article/details/50427852
[http_blog.csdn.net_lvyuan1234_article_details_78227778]: http://blog.csdn.net/lvyuan1234/article/details/78227778
[162503ecfbb4d817_w_1470_h_446_f_png_s_37106]: https://user-gold-cdn.xitu.io/2018/3/23/162503ecfbb4d817?w=1470&h=446&f=png&s=37106
[http_blog.csdn.net_gumpeng_article_details_50346631]: http://blog.csdn.net/gumpeng/article/details/50346631
[http_www.tcao.net_article_86.html]: http://www.tcao.net/article/86.html
[http_blog.csdn.net_liyantianmin_article_details_60778273]: http://blog.csdn.net/liyantianmin/article/details/60778273
[Lucene]: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI4Njg5MDA5NA==&mid=2247484022&idx=2&sn=ca972fb77eb8f3a69d20071afeb359b3&chksm=ebd74377dca0ca612ea6966a55bb66444383226f08cbdcaa2805507aba706089a9ab689a1de7#rd