Hibernate【与Spring整合】

悠悠 2021-09-14 23:44 340阅读 0赞

# 前言 #

前面已经学习了如何使用Spring与Struts2进行整合，本博文主要讲解**如何使用Spring对Hibernate进行整合**

Spring和Hibernate整合的关键点：

*  **SessionFactory对象交给Spring来创建**
 *  **Hibernate的事务交给Spring进行管理**

--------------------

# Spring和Hibernate整合步骤 #

## 引入jar包 ##

*  连接池/数据库驱动包
 *  Hibernate相关jar
 *  Spring 核心包(5个)
 *  Spring aop 包(4个)
 *  spring-orm-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 【spring对hibernate的支持】
 *  spring-tx-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 【事务相关】

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

--------------------

## 配置文件 ##

*  hibernate.cfg.xml
 *  bean.xml

**bean.xml**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    </beans>

**hibernate.cfg.xml**

<hibernate-configuration>
        
        <session-factory>
    
            
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///zhongfucheng</property>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
            
            <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
    
    
            
            
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
            
            <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
            
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
    
        </session-factory>
    </hibernate-configuration>

--------------------

## 搭建配置环境测试 ##

*  User

package bb;
    
    /** * Created by ozc on 2017/5/15. */
    public class User { 
    
        private String name;
        private String password;
        private int id;
    
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
    
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }

*  IUser接口

public interface IUser { 
        void save();
    }

*  UserDao

public class UserDao implements IUser { 
    
        @Override
        public void save() {
    
        }
    
    }

*  userService

public class UserService { 
    
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        public void save() {
            userDao.save();
        }
    }

### **测试Spring环境** ###

首先，我们**为userDao、userService使用Spring来创建对象，以及添加对象的依赖关系，看看Spring的环境是否成功**

*  **创建UserDao实例—>@Repository**

@Repository
    public class UserDao implements IUser { 
    
        @Override
        public void save() {
    
        }
    
    }

*  创建userService实例，并注入userDao属性

@Service
    public class UserService { 
    
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        public void save() {
            userDao.save();
        }
    }

*  在Spring配置文件中使用注解扫描器

*  测试：**成功得到userService对象，并且userService对象含有userDao属性的值**

public class Test2 { 
    
        @Test
        public void test33() {
            ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
    
    
            UserService userService = (UserService) ac.getBean("userService");
            System.out.println(userService);
        }
    }

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

--------------------

### **测试Hibernate环境** ###

*  映射配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    
    <hibernate-mapping package="bb">
    
        <class name="User" table="t_user">
            <id name="id" column="user_id">
                <generator class="native"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="name" column="name"></property>
            <property name="password" column="password"></property>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

*  主配置文件加载映射文件

*  创建SessionFactory，Session

@Repository
    public class UserDao implements IUser { 
    
        @Override
        public void save(User user) {
    
            //得到SessionFactory
            SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
    
            //得到Session
            Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
            session.beginTransaction();
    
            session.save(user);
    
            session.getTransaction().commit();
            session.close();
        }
    
    }

*  测试：

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

--------------------

# 使用Spring创建SessionFactory对象 #

Spring与Hibernate整合的关键点之一就是使用Spring来创建SessionFactory对象。其中又有三种方式来创建SessionFactory

## 直接加载hibernate主配置文件 ##

<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    
            
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
        </bean>

那么在userDao中就不用我们自己手动来创建SessionFactory对象了。

@Repository
    public class UserDao implements IUser { 
    
    
        @Autowired
        private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    
        @Override
        public void save(User user) {
    
            //得到Session
            Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
            session.beginTransaction();
    
            session.save(user);
    
            session.getTransaction().commit();
            session.close();
        }
    
    }

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]

--------------------

## 连接池交给Spring管理 ##

我们知道Hibernate对C3P0的连接池支持度比不上Spring，因此我们可以使用Spring的连接池。因此我们**加载Hibernate的主配置文件又使用Spring的数据库连接池**

也就是说，**一部分配置在hibernate.cfg.xml，一部分配置在Spring文件中**

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///zhongfucheng"></property>
            <property name="user" value="root"></property>
            <property name="password" value="root"></property>
            <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
            <property name="maxPoolSize" value="10"></property>
            <property name="maxStatements" value="100"></property>
            <property name="acquireIncrement" value="2"></property>
        </bean>
    
    
        
        <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    
            
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        </bean>

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

--------------------

## 配置文件全写Spring中【推荐】 ##

上面我们一部分是加载Hibernate的主配置文件，一部分是使用Spring配置文件的数据库连接池…这样不好…我们应该**在Spring中对其进行同一的管理！**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
    
        
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///zhongfucheng"></property>
            <property name="user" value="root"></property>
            <property name="password" value="root"></property>
            <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
            <property name="maxPoolSize" value="10"></property>
            <property name="maxStatements" value="100"></property>
            <property name="acquireIncrement" value="2"></property>
        </bean>
    
    
        
        <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
    
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    
            
            <property name="hibernateProperties">
                <props>
                    <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
                    <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                    <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
    
            
    
    
            
            <property name="mappingLocations">
                <list>
                    <value>bb/User.hbm.xml</value>
                </list>
            </property>
    
        </bean>
    
        <context:component-scan base-package="bb"/>
    
    </beans>

**我们推荐的就是使用这一种，就可以少了Hibernate的配置文件了。并且容易统一管理。**

--------------------

# Spring管理事务 #

到目前为止，我们是使用Hibernate编程式事务控制管理，**Spring与Hibernate整合另一个关键就是使用Spring对Hibernate进行事务管理**

<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
    
            
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
        </bean>
    
        
        <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>

值得注意的是：**Spring与Hibernate整合，Spring只支持线程的Session，并且不用我们手动配置**

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 5]

--------------------

userDao

@Repository
    public class UserDao implements IUser { 
    
    
        @Autowired
        private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    
        @Override
        public void save(User user) {
            sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
        }
    
    }

**userService添加@Transactional注解就是为Hibernate添加了事务管理了。**

@Service
    @Transactional
    public class UserService { 
    
        @Autowired
        private UserDao userDao;
    
        public void save(User user) {
            userDao.save(user);
        }
    }

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