linux traceroute 命令查看路由表

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2021-07-29 01:51 483阅读 0赞

traceroute我们可以知道信息从你的计算机到互联网另一端的主机是走的什么路径。当然每次数据包由某一同样的出发点（source）到达某一同样的目的地(destination)走的路径可能会不一样，但基本上来说大部分时候所走的路由是相同的。

### 常见命令参数 ###

Options:
      -4                          Use IPv4
      -6                          Use IPv6
      -d  --debug                 Enable socket level debugging
      -F  --dont-fragment         Do not fragment packets
      -f first_ttl  --first=first_ttl
                                  Start from the first_ttl hop (instead from 1)
      -g gate,...  --gateway=gate,...
                                  Route packets through the specified gateway
                                  (maximum 8 for IPv4 and 127 for IPv6)
      -I  --icmp                  Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting
      -T  --tcp                   Use TCP SYN for tracerouting
      -i device  --interface=device
                                  Specify a network interface to operate with
      -m max_ttl  --max-hops=max_ttl
                                  Set the max number of hops (max TTL to be
                                  reached). Default is 30
      -N squeries  --sim-queries=squeries
                                  Set the number of probes to be tried
                                  simultaneously (default is 16)
      -n                          Do not resolve IP addresses to their domain names
      -p port  --port=port        Set the destination port to use. It is either
                                  initial udp port value for "default" method
                                  (incremented by each probe, default is 33434), or
                                  initial seq for "icmp" (incremented as well,
                                  default from 1), or some constant destination
                                  port for other methods (with default of 80 for
                                  "tcp", 53 for "udp", etc.)
      -t tos  --tos=tos           Set the TOS (IPv4 type of service) or TC (IPv6
                                  traffic class) value for outgoing packets
      -l flow_label  --flowlabel=flow_label
                                  Use specified flow_label for IPv6 packets
      -w waittime  --wait=waittime
                                  Set the number of seconds to wait for response to
                                  a probe (default is 5.0). Non-integer (float
                                  point) values allowed too
      -q nqueries  --queries=nqueries
                                  Set the number of probes per each hop. Default is
                                  3
      -r                          Bypass the normal routing and send directly to a
                                  host on an attached network
      -s src_addr  --source=src_addr
                                  Use source src_addr for outgoing packets
      -z sendwait  --sendwait=sendwait
                                  Minimal time interval between probes (default 0).
                                  If the value is more than 10, then it specifies a
                                  number in milliseconds, else it is a number of
                                  seconds (float point values allowed too)
      -e  --extensions            Show ICMP extensions (if present), including MPLS
      -A  --as-path-lookups       Perform AS path lookups in routing registries and
                                  print results directly after the corresponding
                                  addresses
      -M name  --module=name      Use specified module (either builtin or external)
                                  for traceroute operations. Most methods have
                                  their shortcuts (`-I' means `-M icmp' etc.)
      -O OPTS,...  --options=OPTS,...
                                  Use module-specific option OPTS for the
                                  traceroute module. Several OPTS allowed,
                                  separated by comma. If OPTS is "help", print info
                                  about available options
      --sport=num                 Use source port num for outgoing packets. Implies
                                  `-N 1'
      -U  --udp                   Use UDP to particular port for tracerouting
                                  (instead of increasing the port per each probe),
                                  default port is 53
      -UL                         Use UDPLITE for tracerouting (default dest port
                                  is 53)
      -P prot  --protocol=prot    Use raw packet of protocol prot for tracerouting
      --mtu                       Discover MTU along the path being traced. Implies
                                  `-F -N 1'
      --back                      Guess the number of hops in the backward path and
                                  print if it differs
      -V  --version               Print version info and exit
      --help                      Read this help and exit

## ##

### **常见命令展示** ###

多命令使用

traceroute -n -m 5 -q 4 -w 3 [www.baidu.com][]

[![image][]][image 1]

> 说明： -n 显示IP地址，不查主机名，  -m 设置跳数  
> 
>          -q 4每个网关发送4个数据包    -w 把对外发探测包的等待响应时间设置为3秒

探测包使用的基本UDP端口设置6888

traceroute -p 6888 www.baidu.com

绕过正常的路由表，直接发送到网络相连的主机

traceroute -r www.baidu.com

[![image][image 2]][image_image 2]

[www.baidu.com]: http://www.baidu.com/
[image]: /images/20210728/93beece34aa949efae3368939a0af319.png
[image 1]: https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/519608/201807/519608-20180714123940407-1043828350.png
[image 2]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZXMyMDE4LmNuYmxvZ3MuY29tL2Jsb2cvNTE5NjA4LzIwMTgwNy81MTk2MDgtMjAxODA3MTQxMjM5NDE3MjgtMTYxMTc0Njg3Ni5wbmc?x-oss-process=image/format,png
[image_image 2]: /images/20210728/9428b5c525db45f78dfe238419896351.png