Linux_系统服务控制 谁践踏了优雅 2021-07-26 19:56 562阅读 0赞 ### 系统服务控制 ### * 一.系统服务控制 * * 1.控制类型 * 二.Linux系统的运行级别 * * 1.查看运行级别 * 2.临时切换运行级别 * 3.设置永久运行级别 * 三.优化启动过程 * * 1.ntsysv工具 * ntsysv系统服务管理工具 * 2.systemctl工具 * 四.修改设置 # 一.系统服务控制 # systemctl 控制类型 服务名称 ## 1.控制类型 ## * start: 启动 * stop:停止 * restart:重新启动 * reload:重新加载 * status:查看服务状态 ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center] * 查看防火墙状态 systemctl status firewalld.service ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1] * 停止防火墙 * systemctl stop firewalld.service \[root@localhost ~\]\# systemctl status firewalld.service ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2] * 启动防火墙 * \[root@localhost ~\]\# systemctl start firewalld.service \[root@localhost ~\]\# systemctl status firewalld.service ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3] ## 二.Linux系统的运行级别 ## ### 1.查看运行级别 ### * runlevel命令(只能查看上一次的运行级别与当前的运行级别) ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4] ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5] * systemctl工具 (查看**默认**的运行级别) ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6] ### 2.临时切换运行级别 ### * init命令 * systemctl工具 <table> <thead> <tr> <th>init 0</th> <th>关机</th> <th>systemctl isolate poweroff. target</th> <th>systemctl poweroff</th> <th>shutdown -h now</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>init 1</td> <td>单用户模式</td> <td>systemctl isolate rescue. target</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>init 3</td> <td>切换字符界面</td> <td>systemctl isolate multi -user. target</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>init5</td> <td>切换桌面环境</td> <td>systemctl isolate graphical.target</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>init6</td> <td>重启</td> <td>systemctl isolate reboot. target</td> <td>systemctl reboot</td> <td>shutdown -r now</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ### 3.设置永久运行级别 ### ①:ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/multi-user. target /etc/systemd/system/default.target \#\#\#\#创建软链接的方式设置级别 ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7] 或者 ②:systemctl set-default multi-user. target systemctl get-default \#\#\#\#查看运行级别 ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8] ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9] ### 三.优化启动过程 ### #### 1.ntsysv工具 #### * 提供一个交互式、可视化窗口 * 可以在字符终端运行 * 便于集中管理多个服务 * 用于控制服务是否开机自启动 #### ntsysv系统服务管理工具 #### ntsysv --level 级别列表 * 按空格键标志服务选项 * 按、↓键切换服务选项 * 按tab键切换光标 ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10] ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 11] * 按空格键标志服务选项 * 按、↓键切换服务选项 * 按tab键切换光标 ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 12] #### 2.systemctl工具 #### * 不提供交互式、可视化窗口 * 管理单个服务效率更高 查看系统服务是否为**开机自启动**: systemctl is-enabled 服务名称 防火墙: ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 13] ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 14] * 用systemctl enable firewall.service (服务名称)开启开机自启动: ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 15] * 用systemctl disable firewalld.service(服务名称)关闭开机自启动: ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 16] ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 17] #### 四.修改设置 #### * 永久修改主机名 hos tnamectl set -hostnlame newname ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 18] * 查看主机名的状态 hos tnamectl status ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 19] 设置系统语言为中文 localectl set-locale LANG=zh\_ CN. utf8 ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 20] 查看当前系统使用的语言 localectl status ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 21] 查看系统启动耗时 systemd- analyze ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 22] [watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20210726/aec46ee4847a44d58c319e1f443d685d.png [watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1dzeHlp_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: 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