NET Core+MySql+Nginx 容器化部署

傷城~ 2021-06-26 16:06 344阅读 0赞

## 1. 引言 ##

上两节我们通过简单的`demo`学习了`docker`的基本操作。这一节我们来一个进阶学习，完成`ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx`的容器化部署。

本文是基于`CentOS 7.4`环境进行演示，示例项目可以访问[Docker.NetCore.MySql][]进行下载。

## 2. Hello MySQL ##

同样我们还是以循序渐进的方式来展开。首先来基于`Docker`来试玩一下`MySQL`。

### 2.1. 创建`MySql`实例 ###

//拉取mysql镜像
     docker pull mysql
    $ docker images$
    REPOSITORY                           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    docker.io/mysql                      latest              7d83a47ab2d2        13 days ago         408.2 MB
    //创建一个mysql实例
    $ docker run --name hello.mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
    $ docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS          NAMES
    e21bbd84e0b5        mysql      "docker-entrypoint.sh"   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        3306/tcp        hello.mysql

下面我们直接在容器中连接到我们刚刚创建的`mysql`数据库：

$ docker exec -it hello.mysql \
    > mysql -uroot -p123456
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 8
    Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

### 2.2. 挂载数据卷 ###

上面创建的`mysql`实例其数据都在容器内部存储，这样就暴露了一个问题，如果容器销毁，那么对应的数据库数据就会丢失。那如何持久化存储容器内数据呢？我们可以通过挂载数据卷的方式来解决这一问题。

//创建数据卷
    $ docker volume create --name hello.db
    hello.db
    //查看数据卷信息
    $ docker volume inspect hello.db
    [
        {
            "Name": "hello.db",
            "Driver": "local",
            "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/hello.db/_data",
            "Labels": {},
            "Scope": "local"
        }
    ]
    // 挂载数据卷启动MySql实例
    $ docker run --name hello.mysql \
    > -v hello.db:/var/lib/mysql \
    > -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql

上面是使用使用了`docker volume create`命令创建了一个数据卷，当然我们也可以自行挂载某个目录作为数据卷。

## 3. 准备.NET Core+EFCore+MySql项目 ##

为了演示方便，我准备了一个`ASP.NET Core+EFCore+MySql`的示例项目。其结构如下所示：  
![示例项目结构][20180820224333158]

是基于`.NET Core Mvc`模板项目，其中定义了一个`Product`实体，并通过`ProductsController`暴露`WebApi`接口。核心代码如下：

`Product`实体类：

public class Product
    {
        public int ProductId { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public decimal Price { get; set; }
        public int StockQty { get; set; }
    }

`DbContext`类：

public class MySqlDbContext : DbContext
    {
        public MySqlDbContext (DbContextOptions<MySqlDbContext> options)
            : base(options)
        {
        }
    
        public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
    }

数据库初始化类：

public class DbInitializer
    {
        public static void Initialize(MySqlDbContext context)
        {
            context.Database.EnsureCreated();
    
            if (context.Products.Any())
            {
                return;
            }
    
            var products = new Product[]
            {
                new Product{Name="iphone 6",Price=5000,StockQty=10 },
                new Product{Name="iphone 7",Price=6000,StockQty=10 },
                new Product{Name="iphone 7 plus",Price=7000,StockQty=10 },
                new Product{Name="iphone x",Price=8000,StockQty=10 }
            };
    
            context.Products.AddRange(products);
    
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }

该数据库初始化类会在项目启动时运行。详细代码可参考`Docker.NetCore.MySql`。

## 4. 基于示例项目进行实操演练 ##

### 4.1 安装`Git`并`Clone`示例项目 ###

$ yum install git
    $ git --version
    git version 1.8.3.1
    $ cd ~/demo
    $ git clone https://github.com/yanshengjie/Docker.NetCore.MySql.git
    Cloning into 'Docker.NetCore.MySql'...
    remote: Counting objects: 155, done.
    remote: Compressing objects: 100% (125/125), done.
    remote: Total 155 (delta 42), reused 123 (delta 25), pack-reused 0
    Receiving objects: 100% (155/155), 534.30 KiB | 333.00 KiB/s, done.
    Resolving deltas: 100% (42/42), done.

### 4.2. 构建镜像 ###

细心的你会发现，项目中已经定义了`Dockerfile`，所以我们可以直接使用`docker build`构建镜像。

# cd Docker.NetCore.MySql
    [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls
    appsettings.Development.json  docker-compose.yml           Program.cs             Views
    appsettings.json              Dockerfile                   proxy.conf             wwwroot
    bundleconfig.json             Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj  README.md
    Controllers                   LICENSE                      ScaffoldingReadMe.txt
    Data                          Models                       Startup.cs
    //构建镜像
    # docker build -t docker.netcore.mysql .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.045 MB
    Step 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest
     ---> 7d4dc5c258eb
    Step 2 : WORKDIR /app
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 98d48a4e278c
    Step 3 : COPY . /app
     ---> 6b1bf8bb5261
    Removing intermediate container b86460477977
    Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore
     ---> Running in 4e0a46f762bb
      Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj...
      Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0.
      .....
      Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj.
     ---> 4df70c77916e
    Removing intermediate container 4e0a46f762bb
    Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000
     ---> Running in 11b421b3bd3e
     ---> 3506253060fe
    Removing intermediate container 11b421b3bd3e
    Step 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000 ---> Running in 201aabbab72c ---> 7f29963a8d96 Removing intermediate container 201aabbab72c Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run ---> Running in c79f73cba162 ---> 9d1fb6ee46cb Removing intermediate container c79f73cba162 Successfully built 9d1fb6ee46cb [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker images docker.netcore.mysql REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.netcore.mysql latest 9d1fb6ee46cb 13 seconds ago 1.756 GB

### 4.3. 启动镜像并连接到指定数据库 ###

`docker`提供了`--link`参数用于在容器之间建立连接。下面我们实例化创建的镜像`docker.netcore.mysql`并命名容器名为`hello.netcore.mysql`，并使用`--link`参数与我们文章开头建立的`hello.mysql`容器建立连接。

# docker run --name hello.netcore.mysql --link hello.mysql:db -d -p 5000:5000 
    docker.netcore.mysql

> 这里需要特别注意一下`--link=hello.mysql:db`，这个参数就是告诉`Docker`容器需要使用`hello.mysql`容器，并将其别名命名为`db`，这样在`hello.netcore.mysql`这个容器中就可以使用db来作为提供mysql数据库服务的服务器。这也就是为什么我们`.NET Core`项目中连接字符串设置为`server=db;`的原因。  
> `"ConnectionStrings": { "MySql": "server=db;database=MySqlDbContext;uid=root;pwd=123456;" }`

//查看运行中容器列表
    # docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
    5cbfd27ebe2a        docker.netcore.mysql   "dotnet run"             2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes        0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   hello.netcore.mysql
    4dfa4159b669        mysql                  "docker-entrypoint.sh"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    3306/tcp                 hello.mysql
    //访问api/products
    [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:5000/api/products
    [{
       "productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{
       "productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{
       "productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{
       "productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]

从上图可知，我们完成了`.NET Core`与`MySql`的连接。

## 5. ASP.NET Core + MySql + Nginx ##

结合上一篇文章`.NET Core`容器化之多容器应用部署@Docker-Compose，我们来使用`docker-compose`完成`asp.net core + mysql + nginx`的多容器部署。

### 5.1. 定义 `docker-compose.yml` ###

version: '2'
    services:
      db:
        container_name: hello.db
        environment:
          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
      volumes:
        - ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql 
      web:
        container_name: hello.web
        build: .
        depends_on:
          - db     links:
          - db 
      reverse-proxy:
        container_name: hello.proxy
        image: nginx
        depends_on:
          - web     ports:
          - "9090:8080"     volumes:
          - ./proxy.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

其中定义了三个服务：

1.  `db`：使用`mysql`镜像，并挂载当前项目下的`mysql`文件夹来持久化存储。
2.  `web`：基于当前项目构建的容器服务，依赖于`db`服务。
3.  `reverse-proxy`：使用`nginx`定义反向代理服务，其中挂载了当前项目下的`proxy.conf`文件作为反向代理配置文件。其中`proxy.conf`的配置如下（注意`proxy_pass`指定的`url`为`http://web:5000`)：

server {
        listen 8080;
    
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://web:5000;
        }
    }

### 5.2. 启动`Compose` ###

在启动`Compose`之前，建议清空上面创建的容器。也可以使用`docker rm $(docker ps -qa)`清除所有容器。

//启动compose
    [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose up -d
    Creating network "dockernetcoremysql_default" with the default driver
    Building web
    Step 1 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:latest
     ---> 7d4dc5c258eb
    Step 2 : WORKDIR /app
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 98d48a4e278c
    Step 3 : COPY . /app
     ---> d41b32323c0f
    Removing intermediate container 1259f5fb82bc
    Step 4 : RUN dotnet restore
     ---> Running in d482e355de77
      Restoring packages for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj...
      Installing Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Razor 2.0.0.
      .....
      Restore completed in 216.83 ms for /app/Docker.NetCore.MySql.csproj.
     ---> a0658008f161
    Removing intermediate container d482e355de77
    Step 5 : EXPOSE 5000
     ---> Running in dc6eeb29fd5e
     ---> a419314ece08
    Removing intermediate container dc6eeb29fd5e
    Step 6 : ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS http://*:5000
     ---> Running in c1d1474b14a0
     ---> 9cc13c549042
    Removing intermediate container c1d1474b14a0
    Step 7 : ENTRYPOINT dotnet run
     ---> Running in efdf0e857a84
     ---> 830ac11428cf
    Removing intermediate container efdf0e857a84
    Successfully built 830ac11428cf
    Creating hello.db ... done
    Creating hello.web ... done
    Creating hello.proxy ... done
    Creating hello.web ...
    Creating hello.proxy ...
    [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                            NAMES
    6253bf85682e        nginx                    "nginx -g 'daemon off"   33 seconds ago      Up 28 seconds       80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp   hello.proxy
    ea553a9e22f2        dockernetcoremysql_web   "dotnet run"             37 seconds ago      Up 32 seconds       5000/tcp                         hello.web
    a1f5aa981bfb        mysql                    "docker-entrypoint.sh"   38 seconds ago      Up 36 seconds       3306/tcp                         hello.db
    [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker-compose ps
       Name                 Command             State               Ports
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    hello.db      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld   Up      3306/tcp
    hello.proxy   nginx -g daemon off;          Up      80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->8080/tcp
    hello.web     dotnet run                    Up      5000/tcp
    [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# curl http://localhost:9090/api/products
    [{
       "productId":1,"name":"iphone 6","price":5000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{
       "productId":2,"name":"iphone 7","price":6000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{
       "productId":3,"name":"iphone 7 plus","price":7000.0000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10},{
       "productId":4,"name":"iphone x","price":8000.000000000000000000000000,"stockQty":10}]

上面的运行结果显示，我们已经成功完成了`ASP.NET Core+MySql+Nginx`的多容器应用部署。通过浏览器访问`http:<ipaddress>:9090/api/products`即可访问我们暴露的`api`。

### 5.3. 数据库验证 ###

我们来验证一下数据库是否成功创建：

[root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# ls mysql
    auto.cnf         client-key.pem         ib_logfile0 performance_schema  server-key.pem
    ca-key.pem       MySqlDbContext  ib_logfile1 private_key.pem     sys
    ca.pem           ib_buffer_pool         ibtmp1       public_key.pem client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql server-cert.pem [root@iZ288a3qazlZ Docker.NetCore.MySql]# docker exec -it hello.db mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.7.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    mysql> show databases; +-----------------------+
    | Database | +-----------------------+
    | information_schema | | MySqlDbContext | | mysql | | performance_schema    |
    | sys | +-----------------------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> use MySqlDbContext;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed
    mysql> show tables; +---------------------------------+
    | Tables_in_MySqlDbContext | +---------------------------------+
    | Products | +---------------------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from Products; +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+
    | ProductId | Name | Price | StockQty | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+
    |         1 | iphone 6      | 5000.000000000000000000000000000000 |       10 |
    |         2 | iphone 7      | 6000.000000000000000000000000000000 |       10 |
    |         3 | iphone 7 plus | 7000.000000000000000000000000000000 |       10 |
    | 4 | iphone x | 8000.000000000000000000000000000000 | 10 | +-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------+----------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

从上面的运行结果可知，我们成功将项目文件夹下的`mysql`文件夹挂载到容器内部进行数据持久化。

## 6. 最后 ##

本文通过先介绍如何基于`Docker`实例化`MySQL`容器，再介绍如何通过挂载数据卷来持久化`MySQL`数据，以及如何使用`--Link`参数进行容器之间的连接，完成了`.NET Core`连接`MySQL`数据库。  
最后，使用`Docker-Compose`综合`ASP.NET Core+MySQL+Nginx`完成了容器化部署。

下一节我们来介绍下如何使用`Docker-Swarm`进行集群部署。

[Docker.NetCore.MySql]: https://github.com/yanshengjie/Docker.NetCore.MySql
[20180820224333158]: /images/20210626/c55e50b6f57c4179bf19257640cbcc80.png