docker系列一 docker 安装和常用命令

柔情只为你懂 2021-06-24 14:37 627阅读 0赞

安装Docker

在Ubuntu

  1. sudo apt-get update
  2. sudo apt-get install docker

执行sudo docker version，如果看到如下信息则表示安装成功

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker version
  2. [sudo] password for hry: 
  3. Client:
  4.  Version:      1.12.6
  5.  API version:  1.24
  6.  Go version:   go1.6.2
  7.  Git commit:   78d1802
  8.  Built:        Tue Jan 31 23:35:14 2017
  9.  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  11. Server:
  12.  Version:      1.12.6
  13.  API version:  1.24
  14.  Go version:   go1.6.2
  15.  Git commit:   78d1802
  16.  Built:        Tue Jan 31 23:35:14 2017
  17.  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Docker命令

前置条件

  • 添加用户到docker用户组，这样在执行Docker时，就不需要每次都输入sudo

    sudo gpasswd -a hry docker

    重启系统

    sudo reboot

  • 由于docker被墙，国内访问困难。
    为了解决这个问题可以通过DaoCloud加速： 

  1. 1.  DaoCloud官网注册账号：[http://www.daocloud.io/][http_www.daocloud.io]
  2. 2.  注册帐号，登录DaoCloud后进入”控制台”—>”加速器”，复印页面内容在linux中执行

Docker 服务命令

  • 查看docker信息

    hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ docker info
    Containers: 3
    Running: 0
    Paused: 0
    Stopped: 3
    Images: 3
    Server Version: 1.12.6
    Storage Driver: aufs
    Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs
    Backing Filesystem: extfs
    Dirs: 19
    Dirperm1 Supported: true
    Logging Driver: json-file
    Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
    Plugins:
    Volume: local
    Network: bridge overlay host null
    Swarm: inactive
    Runtimes: runc
    Default Runtime: runc
    Security Options: apparmor seccomp
    Kernel Version: 4.8.0-39-generic
    Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS
    OSType: linux
    Architecture: x86_64
    CPUs: 1
    Total Memory: 1.953 GiB
    Name: hry-VirtualBox
    ID: ZY66:YXDS:GROT:LYZZ:SYSR:UUF7:KELB:MH3X:UDVA:27FZ:GCOS:NUNV
    Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
    Debug Mode (client): false
    Debug Mode (server): false
    Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
    WARNING: No swap limit support
    Insecure Registries:
    127.0.0.0/8

  • 启动docker

    sudo service docker start

  • 关闭docker

    sudo service docker stop

Docker 镜像命令：

查看images

sudo docker images

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker images 
  2. REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  3. redis-my                  latest              cdc4ae18184e        22 hours ago        182.9 MB
  4. redis                     latest              1a8a9ee54eb7        2 weeks ago         182.9 MB
  5. dockercloud/hello-world   latest              04b44316b6af        2 weeks ago         30.83 MB

列表参数如下

  • REPOSITORY : 指明镜像来自于哪个仓库
  • TAG : 镜像的标记。
  • IMAGE ID : 镜像的ID值，该值是唯一的，有相同ID值的镜像是同一个镜像
  • CREATED : 镜像的创建时间。
  • VIRTUAL SIZE : 镜像的大小

搜索镜像

sudo docker search 镜像

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker search jdk
  3. NAME                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
  4. openjdk                        OpenJDK is an open-source implementation o...   325      [OK] jboss/base-jdk 26 [OK]
  5. ingensi/oracle-jdk             Official Oracle JDK installed on centos.        20                  [OK]
  6. airdock/oracle-jdk             Docker Image for Oracle Java SDK (8 and 7)...   15                  [OK]
  7. n3ziniuka5/ubuntu-oracle-jdk   Ubuntu with Oracle JDK. Check tags for ver...   11                  [OK]
  8. delitescere/jdk                Minimal Zulu OpenJDK                            8                   [OK]
  9. jtech/oracle-jdk               A Docker image based on the smallest Linux...   3                   [OK]
  10. picoded/ubuntu-openjdk-8-jdk   Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, with openjdk-8-jdk insta...   2                   [OK]
  11. jckrz/debian-oracle-jdk        Vanilla Debian + Oracle JDK                     1                   [OK]
  12. sbminimal/docker-ubuntu-jdk    Docker Image containing Ubuntu with oracle...   1                   [OK]
  13. vaysman/jdk                    Latest Ubuntu with JDK                          0                   [OK]
  14. pinterb/jdk                    Oracle JDK                                      0                   [OK]
  15. ping2ravi/jdk                  All Java/JDK Versions                           0                   [OK]
  16. softgarden/jdk                 jdk                                             0                   [OK]

下载镜像

sudo docker pull 镜像

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker pull openjdk
  2. Using default tag: latest
  3. latest: Pulling from library/openjdk
  4. 5040bd298390: Already exists 
  5. fce5728aad85: Pull complete 
  6. 76610ec20bf5: Pull complete 
  7. 60170fec2151: Pull complete 
  8. e98f73de8f0d: Pull complete 
  9. 11f7af24ed9c: Pull complete 
  10. c39ff935bbe4: Pull complete 
  11. 6e03296a7302: Pull complete 
  12. Digest: sha256:1f49840bf143c4d6394b4db4fc5bf0526deac5afc5d738915d8a5b51e0b3e43f
  13. Status: Downloaded newer image for openjdk:latest

删除镜像

sudo docker rmi 镜像

  1. sudo docker rmi 8dde5631d4aa

Docker 容器命令

根据镜像创建容器，并启动

如果镜像把比作类，则容器就是对象。通过镜像创建容器

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker run --name test_redis  -itd 1a8a9ee54eb7
  2. 64024a8a158b276f6a8c5069343cf862add88d2e52e80537246449894a47e768

启动参数

  • –name参数是为容器取得名称
  • -i：表示以“交互模式”运行容器
  • -t：表示容器启动后会进入其命令行
  • -d：参数能让一个容器以守护态运行

查看运行中的容器列表

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker ps
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  3. 64024a8a158b        1a8a9ee54eb7        "docker-entrypoint.sh"   3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        6379/tcp            test_redis
  4. 7e7ee9d4ab30        04b44316b6af        "/bin/sh -c 'php-fpm "   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes        80/tcp              teest_hellowold

列表说明

  • CONTAINER ID：启动的时候生成的ID
  • IMAGE：该容器使用的镜像
  • COMMAND：容器启动时调用的命令
  • CREATED：容器创建时间
  • STATUS：容器的状态
  • PORTS：容器系统使用的端口号
  • NAMES：容器自定义名称

启动容器

sudo docker start container-name/container-id

  1. sudo docker start 64024a8a158b

停止容器

sudo docker stop container-name/container-id

  1. sudo docker stop 64024a8a158b

查看容器的日志

sudo docker logs container-name/container-id

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker logs 64024a8a158b
  2. 1:C 02 Mar 11:51:27.851 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
  3.                 _._                                                  
  4.            _.-``__ ''-._                                             
  5.       _.-``    `.  `_.  ''-._           Redis 3.2.8 (00000000/0) 64 bit
  6.   .-`` .-```.  ```\/    _.,_ ''-._                                   
  7.  (    ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379 | `-._ `._ / _.-'    |     PID: 1
  8.   `-._    `-._  `-./  _.-' _.-'                                   
  9.  |`-._`-._    `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'                                   
  10.  |`-._`-._    `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'| | `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | `-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'                                   
  11.       `-._    `-.__.-' _.-'                                       
  12.           `-._        _.-' `-.__.-'                                               
  14. 1:M 02 Mar 11:51:27.873 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
  15. 1:M 02 Mar 11:51:27.873 # Server started, Redis version 3.2.8
  16. 1:M 02 Mar 11:51:27.873 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
  17. 1:M 02 Mar 11:51:27.873 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
  18. 1:M 02 Mar 11:51:27.873 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379

登录容器

sudo docker exec -it container-name/container-id bash

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker exec -it 64024a8a158b  bash
  2. root@64024a8a158b:/data#

使用exit可以退出容器

列出一个容器里面被改变的文件或者目录

$docker diff container-name/container-id

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker diff 64024a8a158b 
  2. C /root
  3. A /root/.bash_history

显示一个运行的容器里面的进程信息

docker top container-name/container-id

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ sudo docker top 64024a8a158b
  2. UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
  3. vboxadd             6061                6048                0                   19:51               pts/2               00:00:01            redis-server *:6379
  4. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$

从容器里面拷贝文件/目录到本地一个路径

docker cp (container-name/container-id):/container_path path

  1. hry@hry-VirtualBox:~$ docker cp 64024a8a158b:/root/.bash_history history

端口映射

因为容器中运行的软件所使用的端口，在本机和本机的局域网是不能访问的，所以将docker容器中的端口映射到当前的端口上。

映射容器的6379端口到本机的6378端口，如下

  1. docker run -d -p 6378:6379 --name port-redis redis

#### 删除容器

删除单个容器

  1. sudo docker rm container-id

删除所有容器

  1. sudo docker rm `sudo docker ps -a -q`

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