自制英语学习资料

蔚落 2021-06-22 15:37 418阅读 0赞

**\#前言**  
本人根据网上看到的一些学习方法和自己的学习方法，自制本篇学习资料，具体请往下看吧～

**\#学习内容分以下几部分**

1.  Dictation
2.  翻译
3.  听力锻炼

**\#方法**  
打开腾讯视频搜索“地球脉动2”，观看*草原篇*，对着以下的英文内容去听，去学习新单词，最后可以的话，看看能不能Dictation出来大部分内容。  
（本人是一点点整理出来的英文内容，如果有帮助的话点个赞吧～，下期内容会根据本人学习进度出。）

《bbc grasslands》  
We are at the mercy of these unpredictable, but ultimately bountiful life.  
(生活充满不可预测，但我们终将美好。)  
One quarter of all the land on earth is covered by a single remarkable type of plant. Almost destructible it can grow half an meter a day and be tall enough to hide a giant. The plant is grass, and the worlds it creates is really unique, the grass in the northern India is tallest in the earth. Home to some of the most impressive creatures to tread the earth. These are the good times,but just in a few months,all this fresh growth will be gone,and the animals will be forced to move on. That is the way things are on grass lands across the planet. A cycle of abundance(富足的), destruction and rebirth,that effects every creatures that lives here.  
The largest grassland on earth the vast Eurasian steppe(大草原) stretches(延伸，绵延) one third of the way around our planet. Spring rain has brought the fresh grass and with it new life. A relic(遗迹，延续下来的) from the ice age,a baby saige antelope(羚羊), just 3 hours old. His only company his twin,until they can stand, their mother has left them hidden in the grass. They should be safe as long as they remain quiet. For this caves(小羊), the clock is ticking(滴答声，紧迫). Their herd(兽群) would soon be moving on seeking the freshest new grass. Their lanky(纤长的) legs are a sure sign that they are built for a life one the move. Saige always give birth to twins,so their numbers grow rapidly just when grass is plentiful. Their bizarrely(稀奇古怪的) shaped nose can detect fresh growth from hundreds of kilometers away. The young twins will now begin the nomadic(游牧的，流浪的) life they share with most animals on the world’s open plains(清楚的/平原).  
Grasslands occur when the rain is too sporadic(零星的，分散的) for forests to exist. The rain that a grassland needs to survive for a year might arrive all at once. Storms like these can release 30 centimeters of rain in 24 hours. Not much fun if you are out in it. Eventually the earth can not soak(吸收) up anymore and the grassland undergoes a radical(激进的，翻天覆地的) change. Many plants would drown here,but grasses thrive(茁壮生长). They grow so fast their leaves quickly rise above the water and into the sunlight.  
Here in the Southern Africa,water transforms one of the most remarkable grasslands on earth,the okavango. Every year, eight thousand square kilometers of grassland are flooded. For one pride of lions, this poses a major problem. There maybe plenty of pray around, but lions struggle to run it down in water. The pride(兽群) has 3 month old cubs. They’re never seen water before. If their mothers don’t make a kill soon, the cubs might not survive the week. But fuelld(推波助澜) by the flood, the eruption(喷发) of grass attracts new possible pray(猎物). Buffalo arrive in herds two thousand strong. Powerful aggressive and united, a lion can face. The biggest bulls don’t run. They are simply too huge to be scared of lions. The pride do have numbers on their side,but one sweep of his horns(角) could be deadly. One distracts the bull up front,while her sister attack from behind. The cats must somehow topple(顶部，绊倒) the buffalo,but with swamp(沼泽地) underfoot(脚下) they can’t get any traction(牵引，摩擦力). It’s now a battle of will as much as strength. To live, the bull must somehow shake off the lioness. The bull is wounded(伤口), but thanks to his thick hide,he will recover. For the pride, these are hungry times. But ultimately, once the water recedes there will be new life and new food to benefit all.  
In the right conditions, grasses have the extraordinary(非凡的) ability to grow from first shoots to flower, in a matter of only days. Grasses become the miniature(微型的) equivalents(相等的) of fruiting trees. And for creatures living within the grass, this is a landscape as vast and towering as any rainforest(雨林). An excellent place to build a tiny tree-house, for a harvest mouse. During summer, European mandowlands are full of food. But only for these that can reach it. Climbing grasses is harder than climbing trees, not least. Because their stems just won’t stay still. Her prehensile(预张力) tail acts like a fifth limb, so she is as agile as a monkey clambering(攀爬) around in a tree. And just as well for the best food in this tiny forest is at very top of it’s canopy(天蓬，最上端). Feeding up here, she is exposed. A barn owl(出现). Not her finest move. But it did the trick. Harvest(收获) mice(老鼠，鼠巢) seldom(很少) go all the way down to the ground. It’s a tangle(复杂的) and dangerous world down here. But she can read the pattern of the stems overhead like a map and so find her way home. And not a minute too soon. There are mouths to feed. Her babies must fatten up quickly. The need to harvest the summer grasses while they are still rich with food.  
On the African savannah too seasonal grasses are filled with life. But it won’t last long. Carmine bee-eaters are superb(一流的) aerial(空气，空中) hunters(猎人), experts at catching insect in mid-air. But they have no way of flushing their prey out of the grass. Once alarmed, most insects stay put. The bee-eaters need someone to stir things up a bit. It’s the world’s heaviest flying bird, so it should be bulky enough to kick up some insects. Until some one else comes along and cramps(抽筋，搅乱) your style. Never mind. Perhaps their are bigger opportunities ahead. What about an ostrich(鸵鸟)? This time there is more than enough transport to go around. Soon almost every ostrich has its own passengers. But free-riders are only torlerated for so long. What the bee-eaters really need is a creature so big, it won’t even notice them. Nothing cuts a swathe(条带，平地) through grass like an African bull elephant. The trick is to fly as close to the front of the giant(巨人) as possible. They only have a split second to grab(捕捉，获取) the prize. As more insects are stirred up, the competition intensifies.  
With summer drawing to a close, the race to stock up is on. Soon the grass will wither and this opportunity will have gone. As the dry season takes hold, food becomes increasingly thin on the ground. Now only the most specialized predators on the plains can make a living. She maybe spotted like a cheetah, but this cat is no sprinter. Instead, she has extra-long legs, which give her a high vantage(数量) point. But a serval(服务) cat’s main weapon are enormous radar ears. They help her pre-point prey hiding in the grass. But the prey(猎物) she seeks are canny(狡黠).  
Southern vlei rats. They know that any sustained movement can give them away. So they move in short bursts(爆发). But even the slightest rustle will give her a clue. Warm. Warmer. Missed. In better times she could catch 10 a day. But now, with so few rodents(啮齿动物) around, she will have to go hungry. As drought(干旱) intensifies, life gets tougher for all. Predators with permanent(永久的) territories(领土) must tough it out, while most of prey disappear over the horizon(地平线). To avoid starvation, many grassland animals follow a nomadic way of life. Over two million wildebeest(宽角马) wander(徒步旅行) the East African Savannahs chasing the rains. And they are not alone. Arriving on the wing, Jackson’s widowbirds also seek fresh grass. Although it’s not just food that they are after. This male wants a mate. He’s grown elaborate breeding(繁殖、滋生，此处上丰满的意思) plumage(羽毛) for this moment. But he needs a stage on which to show it off. By carefully selecting grass blades, each trimmed(修剪) to the correct length, he’s creating something special. He needs an even surface(表面) and a centrepiece(中心装饰物). The stage is set. His bachelor(董事会，此处上单身的意思) pad is sufficiently neat an tidy to attract a female. The problem is, can she see it? He has competition. It might take more than a little gardening to impress the ladies. Jumping is the right idea. But he’s misjudged the hight of the grass. His rival(对手) make it look easy. Time to raise his game. It’s not only who jumps the highest but who can keep doing so the longest. Unable to go the distance, his rivals drop out one by one. Stamina(耐力) has won him admirers. Now he can show off his courtship(求爱) arena. An engage in a little romantic hide and seek. Finally he’s done enough.  
The East African Savannahs support million of grazers(食草动物). Each year they devour(啃食) millions of tonnes of grass. And yet there’s one creature here, whose impact is far greater than all these animals combined. They’re found wherever grass grows on the planet, yet their labours go almost entirely(整体的) unnoticed. One of the most remarkable is found here, on the grassland of South America. These blades are so tough that virtually no large grass-eaters can stomach them, yet they are harvest on an industrial scale by tiny grass cutter ants. But they themselves can’t digest(消化) one bit of it. So why bother? The answer is underground and it’s very ingenious(巧妙的). Each blade(草叶) is cut to length and placed into a garden of fungus. The rotting(旋转) grass feeds the fungus and in turn the fungus feeds the ants. But feeding five million workers requires intensive agriculture. Luckily they are an industrious lot. This colony alone will collect over half a tonne of grass every year. With billions of ant colonies(聚居地) across the world’s grasslands, all doing exactly the same thing, that’s a mind boggling(相加，总和) amount of grass. It’s estimated that over one third of the grass that grows on earth will be harvested by an insect.  
In northern Australia termites(白蚁) memorialise their industry in sculpture(雕塑). These astonishing(令人吃惊的) mounds(土堆) are 3 meters tall. They’re always built on a north-south axis, which is why their builders are called compass(罗盘) termites. These castles(城堡) of clay(职责) protect their builders from extremes of heat and seasonal floods experienced on many grasslands. Termites manage to do what most grass-eaters can’t. Break down dead grass and extract the nutrients(营养物) but they themselves can be food for those that can’t reach them. A half meter long tongue(舌头) covered in microscopic(微观的) hooks(钩子). Followed by claws longer than those of a velociraptor(猛禽). A giant anteater on the place of South America. It can devour twenty thousands of insects a day. Powerful forlogs enable it to rip apart a termite hill with ease. As the sun bakes(炙烤) the grass, the termites face new danger. In minutes, fire turns grassland to ash(灰烬). But grasses are not dead. Their underground stems are unharmed. Weeks, months may pass, but eventually the rain will return and the grass will sprout(注射器，破土而出) again.  
Some grasslands must endure not only fire but ice. As winter approaches, the prairies(大草原) of North America begin to freeze. In summer bison roamed(闲逛) freely, almost continuously cropping the abundant green grass. Now that grass is not only withered(枯萎) and frozen, it’s about to be buried. Sixty millions tonnes of snow now blanket this herd’s territory(领土). Pushing through deep snow is exhausting(精疲力尽的) work and bison are now slowly starving. Just keeping warm saps(消耗) huge amounts of energy. Their thick coats can insulate them down to minus(减号，零下) thirty Celsius. It’s now minus forty. The only thing that will keep them alive is buried beneath(在下方) a meter of snow. And that’s a problem shared with a surprising neighbor. The food the fox seeks is also deep beneath the snow. The survival of both creatures depends on getting through to the ground. For the bison, it will be a matter of brute strength. Massive necks muscles enable them to shovel five tonnes of snow a day. Their lightweight neighbor needs more precision. The bison(野牛) have reached their goal, a mouthful of withered(枯萎的) grass. And where the bison have dug, the fox now spots an opportunity . Every footstep counts. But he mustn’t break through yet. He listens carefully and perpoint his target. It’s moving. A filed mouse(田鼠). small, but a hundred times more nutritious, than a mouthful of dried grass. To get through winter on these prairies sometimes brain beats brawn(强壮的，蛮力). Ultimately, life on all grasslands depends on the turn of the seasons.  
Eight hundreds kilometers further north than any tree can survive, grass returns to life. Caribou females have journeyed to the far north to calve(小牛，此处是生殖后代). Over seventy thousand caribou babies will be born in the next few days. As the calves appear, so too do the leaves of the newly sprouting grass. And the calves must strengthen quickly. Within days they will have to keep up with their parents on a never-ending march(征途). And one day old they already faster than an Olympic sprinter. They’re testing the legs that will carry them thousands of kilometers. Better to know their limitations now. It may looks playful, but there’s no harder life on the grasslands than that facing these infants(婴儿). The caribou mothers now join together, each with an infant exactly the same age. They’re setting off on the greatest overland trek(陆地迁徙) made by animal. But wherever grass-eaters travel, predators lie in wait. Here they are. Arctic(北极的) wolves. They must seize(抓住) their chance while the caribou pass. The wolf runs at the herd, trying to flush out the weak or the slow. A calf is separated. At full tilt(倾斜，此处可能意为冲刺), 60 kilometers an hour, the wolf is just faster. But the calf has stamina(耐力). Only a few weeks old and this calf’s will to survive is remarkable. And it needs to be, for these young caribou have now started a journey that will last a lifetime. Forever chasing the seasonal growth of the grass, on which they depend. Like all grassland creatures they are at the mercy(怜悯) of these unpredictable, but ultimately bountiful(慷慨的) lands. Grass can survive some of the harshest conditions on earth, flood, fire and frost, and still flourish(繁荣). So it is that grasslands provide a stage for the greatest gatherings of wildlife on planet earth.