java IO之AutoCloseable,Closeable和Flushable接口

Bertha 。 2021-06-11 15:10 364阅读 0赞

有3个接口对于流类相当重要。其中两个接口是**Closeable**和**Flushable**，它们是在java.io包中定义的，并且是由JDK5添加的。第3个接口是**AutoColseable**，它是由JDK7添加的新接口，被打包到java.lang包中。

AutoCloseable接口对JDK7新添加的带资源的try语句提供了支持，这种try语句可以自动执行资源关闭过程。只有实现了AutoCloseable接口的类的对象才可以由带资源的try语句进行管理。AutoCloseable接口只定义了close()方法：

<table style="border:1px solid silver; width:560px; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tbody style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
  <tr style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
   <td style="border:1px solid silver; padding:3px; border-collapse:collapse; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> 
    <div style="background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      1 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="border:1px solid silver; padding:3px; border-collapse:collapse; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
    <div style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
     <div style="background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px 1em!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important">void</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">close() </code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important">throws</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">Exception</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

这个方法关闭调用对象，释放可能占用的所有资源。在带资源的try语句的末尾，会自动调用该方法，因此消除了显式调用close()方法的需要。

Closeable接口也定义了close()方法。实现了Closeable接口的类的对象可以被关闭。从JDK7开始，**Closeable扩展了AutoCloseable**。因此，在JDK7中，所有实现了Closeable接口的类也都实现了AutoCloseable接口。

实现了**Flushable**接口的类的对象，可以强制将缓存的输出写入到与对象关联的流中。该接口定义了flush()方法，如下所示：

<table style="border:1px solid silver; width:560px; border-collapse:collapse; word-break:break-word; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tbody style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
  <tr style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
   <td style="border:1px solid silver; padding:3px; border-collapse:collapse; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> 
    <div style="background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      1 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="border:1px solid silver; padding:3px; border-collapse:collapse; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
    <div style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
     <div style="background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px 1em!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important">void</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">flush() </code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important">throws</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">IOException</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

刷新流通常会导致缓存的输出被物理地写入到底层设备中。写入流的所有I/O类都实现了Flushable接口。

注：关于带资源的try语句的3个关键点：

*  由带资源的try语句管理的资源必须是实现了AutoCloseable接口的类的对象。
 *  在try代码中声明的资源被隐式声明为fianl。
 *  通过使用分号分隔每个声明可以管理多个资源。

此外请记住，所声明资源的作用域被限制在带资源的try语句中。带资源的try语句的主要优点是：当try代码块结束时，资源（在此时流）会被自动关闭。因此，不太可能会忘记关闭流。使有带资源的try语句，通常可以使源代码更短，更清晰，更容易维护。如例：

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

package demo;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    /**
     * AutoCloseable接口，表示一种不再使用时需要关闭的资源。这个接口下只有一个方法，close()。这个方法在try-with-
     * resource语法下会被自动调用，支持抛出Exception，当然它也鼓励抛出更详细的异常。close()建议不要抛出线程中断的
     * InterruptedException。对这个接口的实现，规范强烈建议close()是幂等的，也就是说多次调用close()方法和一次调用的结
     * 果是一样的。
     * JDK1.7 新特性
     * 
     */
    public class InputStreamReaderTest {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    new FileInputStream("src\\fuhd.txt"), "UTF8"), 1024)) {
                System.out.println(reader.readLine());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            //示例，声明自己的两个资源类，实现AutoCloseable接口。
            try (MyResource myResource = new MyResource();
                    MyResource2 myResource2 = new MyResource2()) {
                myResource.readResource();
                myResource2.readResource();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    }
    class MyResource implements AutoCloseable {
    
        @Override
        public void close() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("close resource");
        }
    
        public void readResource() {
            System.out.println("read resource");
        }
    
    }
    
    class MyResource2 implements AutoCloseable {
    
        @Override
        public void close() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("close resource2");
        }
    
        public void readResource() {
            System.out.println("read resource2");
        }
    
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

输出

热度...........................。
    read resource
    read resource2
    close resource2
    close resource

[copycode.gif]: /images/20210527/34bcfff096ff426ba24167d6112abb44.png