Centos7安装MySQL5.7.21

亦凉 2021-05-12 11:55 496阅读 0赞

**MySQL5.7.21 for Centos7**

1. 环境参数

1.1操作系统环境

1.2创建mysql帐号

2. 安装数据库

2.1安装数据库

2.2初始化数据库

2.3安装SSL

2.4修改系统配置参数(注意当前目录)，命令如下

2.5同步mysql ，命令如下

2.4启动mysql

3. 数据库配置

3.1设置密码

3.2设置开机启动

3.4设置环境变量

4.设置授权链接

5.创建数据库

## **1、环境参数** ##

**1.1、操作系统环境**

![70][]

**1.2、创建mysql帐号**

[root@t2 software]# groupadd mysql
    
    [root@t2 software]# cat /etc/group |grep mysql
    
    mysql:x:1000:
    
    [root@t2 mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
    
    [root@t2 mysql]# cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
    
    mysql:x:994:1000::/home/mysql:/bin/false

创建mysql目录安装位置：

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/
    
    ll /usr/local/mysql/

## **2、****安装数据库** ##

**2.1、安装数据库**

[root@t2 software]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

重命名：

[root@t2 local]# pwd
    
    /usr/local

解压后的文件移到创建mysql的安装目录下

[root@t2 local]# mv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql/
    
    [root@t2 local]# rm –rf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

创建数据库保存位置：

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data/

设置mysql安装目录和数据库保存目录文件权限

chown -R mysql:mysql  /usr/local/mysql
    
    chmod -R 750 /usr/local/mysql

**2.2、初始化数据库**

切换到目录：

/usr/local/mysql/

执行命令：

bin/mysqld  --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

进行初始化。

**注意：记录好这个临时密码，第一次登录要用到。root@localhost: DmqQHkrO,3jt**

**![70 1][]**

**2.3、安装SSL**

[root@MYSQL mysql]# pwd
    
    /usr/local/mysql
    
    [root@MYSQL mysql]#

执行命令：

bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

![70 2][]

**2.4、修改系统配置参数(注意当前目录)，命令如下。**

切换目录：

/usr/local/mysql/support-files

![70 3][]

执行命令：

cp  mysql-log-rotate  /etc/my.cnf
    
    cp  mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysql

修改vi  /etc/init.d/mysql  如图

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

![70 4][]

修改 vi /etc/my.cnf

添加

[client]
    
    port = 3306
    
    socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
    
    [mysqld]
    
    basedir=/usr/local/mysql
    
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
    
    socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    
    pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
    
    #不区分大小写
    
    lower_case_table_names = 1
    
    sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
    
    max_connections=5000
    
    default-time_zone = '+8:00'

![70 5][]

创建  /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid  文件

touch /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid

创建连接

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/
    # ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin/

**2.5、启动mysql**

执行命令：

service mysql start

![70 6][]

![70 7][]** **

## **3、数据库配置** ##

**3.1、设置密码**

登陆mysql：

执行：

mysql -u root –p

输入初始化保存的密码DmqQHkrO,3jt

设备mysql密码：

mysql> set password=password('xxx@123');
    
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql>

重启mysql

service mysql restart

![70 8][]

丢失root密码时，设置root密码

1、修改mysql的配置文件（默认为/etc/my.cnf）,在\[mysqld\]下添加一行skip-grant-tables

2、保存配置文件后，重启mysql服务 service mysqld restart

3、mysql -u root -p登录mysql，然后不输入密码直接回车，然后按照上面的流程修改密码

mysql>
    
    mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('xxx@123') where user='root';
    
    Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
    
    Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> quit

4、密码修改完毕，按照流程1的删除配置文件中的那行，然后重启mysql服务

![70 9][]

**3.2、设置开机启动**

添加到开机服务服务中：

chkconfig --list mysql
    
    [root@t2 bin]# chkconfig --add mysql

设置开机启动：

[root@t2 bin]# chkconfig mysql on

![70 10][]

**3.4、设置环境变量**

/usr/local/mysql/bin

[root@t2 bin]# vi ~/.bash_profile
    
    #mysql5.7.21 bin
    
    export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/
    
    export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH

使环境变量生效：

[root@t2 bin]# source ~/.bash_profile

测试是否生效：

[root@t2 bin]# mysql -uroot -p
    
    Enter password:

## **4.设置授权链接** ##

[root@IFOS1 mysql]# mysql -u root -p
    
    Enter password:
    
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    
    Server version: 5.7.21 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
    
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'iams'@'xxx.xxx.xx.xxx' identified by 'xxx@123' with grant option;
    
    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
    
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注：mysql 新设置用户或更改密码后需用flush privileges刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表，否则会出现拒绝访问

grant all privileges on *.* to 'iams'@'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx' identified by 'xxx@123' with grant option;
    
    grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'xxx.xxx.x.%' identified by 'xxx@123' with grant option;

## **5.报错处理** ##

**mysql5.7免安装版报错处理**

安装完mysql 之后，登陆以后，不管运行任何命令，总是提示这个

You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing

完成以下三步退出再登，使用新设置的密码就行了，以上除了红色的自己修改成新密码外，其他原样输入即可

step 1: SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('xxx@123');
    
    step 2: ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
    
    step 3: flush privileges;

MySQL安装结束！

[70]: /images/20210511/9f60a5c88b2446baa0972b418951d265.png
[70 1]: /images/20210511/6a759406ee2442b9afde40496eff2118.png
[70 2]: /images/20210511/d032610ca0664107a9dbca6deab867c9.png
[70 3]: /images/20210511/16b4165b20ab47159f490447ea37d5b6.png
[70 4]: /images/20210511/59d39a28e32f4af299bdbca8d3ad1fe5.png
[70 5]: /images/20210511/c4c4136618a442b9b90f7bd0152f0ccd.png
[70 6]: /images/20210511/c797de95f83f4d6c92003d5e8efa9e25.png
[70 7]: /images/20210511/9c8be7211d78442eb2c370ed7b105077.png
[70 8]: /images/20210511/fa081a64605940c19b1a8b5eb3fbacc0.png
[70 9]: /images/20210511/ee00e859267a49559388c6a4760c8893.png
[70 10]: /images/20210511/becd82f04a974a3fa358c86eefc52cbf.png