Python 中处理日期和时间的模块

忘是亡心i 2024-03-30 10:47 77阅读 0赞

Python 提供了`time`和`datetime`模块，可以帮助我们轻松获取和修改日期和时间，下面让我们来逐一了解一下。

#### time 模块 ####

该模块包括使用时间执行各种操作所需的所有与时间相关的功能，它还允许我们访问多种用途所需的时钟类型。

**内置函数:**

请看下表，它描述了时间模块的一些重要内置功能。

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>function</th> 
   <th>Description</th> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>time()</td> 
   <td>返回自epoch以来经过的秒数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ctime()</td> 
   <td>以经过的秒数作为参数，返回当前日期和时间</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>sleep()</td> 
   <td>在给定的持续时间内停止线程的执行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>time.struct_time Class</td> 
   <td>函数要么将此类作为参数，要么将其作为输出返回</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>localtime()</td> 
   <td>以自epoch以来经过的秒数作为参数，并以时间形式返回日期和时间。struct_time格式</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>gmtime()</td> 
   <td>与localtime()类似，返回时间。UTC格式的struct_time</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mktime()</td> 
   <td>ocaltime()的倒数。获取包含9个参数的元组，并返回自epoch pas输出以来经过的秒数</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>asctime()</td> 
   <td>获取包含9个参数的元组，并返回表示相同参数的字符串</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>strftime()</td> 
   <td>获取包含9个参数的元组，并根据使用的格式代码返回表示相同参数的字符串</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>strptime()</td> 
   <td>分析字符串并及时返回。struct_time格式</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**代码格式化:**

在用示例解释每个函数之前，先看一下所有合法的格式化代码的方式：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Code</th> 
   <th>Description</th> 
   <th>Example</th> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%a</td> 
   <td>Weekday (short version)</td> 
   <td>Mon</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%A</td> 
   <td>Weekday (full version)</td> 
   <td>Monday</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%b</td> 
   <td>Month (short version)</td> 
   <td>Aug</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%B</td> 
   <td>Month (full version)</td> 
   <td>August</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%c</td> 
   <td>Local date and time version</td> 
   <td>Tue Aug 23 1:31:40 2019</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%d</td> 
   <td>Depicts the day of the month (01-31)</td> 
   <td>07</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%f</td> 
   <td>Microseconds</td> 
   <td>000000-999999</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%H</td> 
   <td>Hour (00-23)</td> 
   <td>15</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%I</td> 
   <td>Hour (00-11)</td> 
   <td>3</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%j</td> 
   <td>Day of the year</td> 
   <td>235</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%m</td> 
   <td>Month Number (01-12)</td> 
   <td>07</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%M</td> 
   <td>Minutes (00-59)</td> 
   <td>44</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%p</td> 
   <td>AM / PM</td> 
   <td>AM</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%S</td> 
   <td>Seconds (00-59)</td> 
   <td>23</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%U</td> 
   <td>Week number of the year starting from Sunday (00-53)</td> 
   <td>12</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%w</td> 
   <td>Weekday number of the week</td> 
   <td>Monday (1)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%W</td> 
   <td>Week number of the year starting from Monday (00-53)</td> 
   <td>34</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%x</td> 
   <td>Local date</td> 
   <td>06/07/22</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%X</td> 
   <td>Local time</td> 
   <td>12:30:45</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%y</td> 
   <td>Year (short version)</td> 
   <td>22</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%Y</td> 
   <td>Year (full version)</td> 
   <td>2022</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%z</td> 
   <td>UTC offset</td> 
   <td>+0100</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%Z</td> 
   <td>Timezone</td> 
   <td>CST</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>%%</td> 
   <td>% Character</td> 
   <td>%</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

struct\_time 类具有以下属性：

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Attribute</th> 
   <th>Value</th> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_year</td> 
   <td>0000, .., 2019, …, 9999</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_mon</td> 
   <td>1-12</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_mday</td> 
   <td>1-31</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_hour</td> 
   <td>0-23</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_min</td> 
   <td>0-59</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_sec</td> 
   <td>0-61</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_wday</td> 
   <td>0-6 &nbsp;(Monday is 0)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_yday</td> 
   <td>1-366</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tm_isdst</td> 
   <td>0, 1, -1 &nbsp; &nbsp;(daylight savings time, -1 when unknown)</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

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