MASM32编程访问结构体成员要注意的一点

古城微笑少年丶 2024-03-31 12:13 64阅读 0赞

今天继续用MASM32编写调用Windows API函数GetNativeSystemInfo来检测Windows操作系统是32位还是64位的程序。

修改完善形成了下面的代码：

;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
    ; 32or64.asm
    ;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
    
    .586
    .model     flat, stdcall
    option     casemap:none
    include    \masm32\include\windows.inc
    include    \masm32\include\kernel32.inc
    includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib
    include    \masm32\include\user32.inc
    includelib \masm32\lib\user32.lib
    
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    ;.const
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL   equ 0      ;x86
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM     equ 5      ;ARM
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64    equ 6      ;基于 Intel Itanium 的
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64   equ 9      ;x64 (AMD 或 Intel)
    PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64   equ 12     ;ARM64
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_UNKNOWN equ 0ffffh ;未知体系结构。
    
    
    _SYSTEM_INFO STRUCT
       UNION
         dwOemId DWORD ?
         STRUCT
            wProcessorArchitecture        WORD       ?
            wReserved                     WORD       ?
         ENDS
      ENDS
      dwPageSize                    DWORD      ?
      lpMinimumApplicationAddress   DWORD      ?
      lpMaximumApplicationAddress   DWORD      ?
      dwActiveProcessorMask         DWORD      ?
      dwNumberOfProcessors          DWORD      ?
      dwProcessorType               DWORD      ?
      dwAllocationGranularity       DWORD      ?
      wProcessorLevel               WORD       ?
      wProcessorRevision            WORD       ?
    _SYSTEM_INFO ENDS
    
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    .data
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    g_szCaption                 db    "Windows",0
    g_sz32Bit                   db    "32位",0
    g_sz64Bit                   db    "64位",0
    g_szGetNativeSystemInfo     db    "GetNativeSystemInfo", 0
    g_szkernel32Dll             db    "kernel32.dll", 0
    g_szFailGetModuleHandle     db    "GetModuleHandle失败", 0
    g_szFailGetProcAddress      db    "GetProcAddress失败", 0
    g_szFailGetNativeSystemInfo db    "GetNativeSystemInfo失败", 0
    g_lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo   dword ?
    g_lpSI                      dword ?  ; SYSTEM_INFO
    
    
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    .code
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    start:
          invoke GetModuleHandle, OFFSET g_szkernel32Dll
          .if    eax==NULL
                 mov eax, OFFSET g_szFailGetModuleHandle
          .else
                 invoke GetProcAddress, eax, OFFSET g_szGetNativeSystemInfo
                 .IF eax==NULL
                     mov eax, OFFSET g_szFailGetProcAddress
                 .ELSE
                     mov   g_lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo, eax
                     push  offset g_lpSI
                     call  g_lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo
                     mov   eax, g_lpSI
                     movzx eax,  (SYSTEM_INFO ptr [eax]).wProcessorArchitecture
                     .if (eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64) || (eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64) || (eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64)
                          mov eax, OFFSET g_sz64Bit
                     .else
                          mov eax, OFFSET g_sz32Bit
                     .endif
                 .ENDIF
          .endif
          invoke MessageBox, NULL, eax, OFFSET g_szCaption, MB_OK
          invoke ExitProcess, NULL
    end start

代码顺利汇编和连接，生成了EXE，但运行时出错：

![520a037759384a70ac9fe1c69ef3747d.jpeg][]

用OllDbg跟踪调试：

![6b2c58b86a2c40ad893ad50f182af7c3.jpeg][]

引发问题的代码是：

movzx eax,  (SYSTEM_INFO ptr [eax]).wProcessorArchitecture

回溯起来问题出在上一行代码：

mov   eax, g_lpSI

根源则在于汇编程序中的寻址方式，由于SYSTEM\_INFO结构体的定义是公开透明的，我们可以手工算出成员的偏移地址来进行访问，但为了保证通用性和灵活性，一般我们是用基址+变址的方式来访问结构体成员的，把代码改成：

mov   eax, offset g_lpSI

这样程序就能顺利运行并给出结果：

![df4dcfaa6601411f886e224b65820ca6.jpeg][]

再进一步完善：

;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
    ; FileName: CpuArch.asm
    ; Function: Show CPU Architecture with API GetNativeSystemInfo
    ;   Author: PurpleEndurer
    ;   DevEnv: Windows 7 Ultimate 64bit + MASM32
    ; 
    ; Log:
    ;---------------------------------------------------------------
    ;  20221126 Created
    ;  20221127 Added c_showMoreInfo, getCpuArcInfo(), OK!
    ;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
    .586
    .model     flat, stdcall
    option     casemap:none
    include    \masm32\include\windows.inc
    include    \masm32\include\kernel32.inc
    includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib
    include    \masm32\include\user32.inc
    includelib \masm32\lib\user32.lib
    
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    ;proto
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    _GetNativeSystemInfo    TYPEDEF proto :DWORD
    lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo TYPEDEF Ptr _GetNativeSystemInfo
    
    getCpuArcInfo           proto
    
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    ;.const
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL   equ 0      ;x86
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM     equ 5      ;ARM
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64    equ 6      ;基于 Intel Itanium 的
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64   equ 9      ;x64 (AMD 或 Intel)
    PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64    equ 12     ;ARM64
    ;PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_UNKNOWN equ 0ffffh ;未知体系结构。
    c_showMoreInfo                  equ 1
    
    _SYSTEM_INFO STRUCT
       UNION
         dwOemId DWORD ?
         STRUCT
            wProcessorArchitecture        WORD       ?
            wReserved                     WORD       ?
         ENDS
      ENDS
      dwPageSize                    DWORD      ?
      lpMinimumApplicationAddress   DWORD      ?
      lpMaximumApplicationAddress   DWORD      ?
      dwActiveProcessorMask         DWORD      ?
      dwNumberOfProcessors          DWORD      ?
      dwProcessorType               DWORD      ?
      dwAllocationGranularity       DWORD      ?
      wProcessorLevel               WORD       ?
      wProcessorRevision            WORD       ?
    _SYSTEM_INFO ENDS
    
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    .data
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    g_szCaption                 db    "Windows",0
    g_szGetNativeSystemInfo     db    "GetNativeSystemInfo", 0
    g_szkernel32Dll             db    "kernel32.dll", 0
    g_szFailGetModuleHandle     db    "GetModuleHandle失败", 0
    g_szFailGetProcAddress      db    "GetProcAddress失败", 0
    g_szFailGetNativeSystemInfo db    "GetNativeSystemInfo失败", 0
    
    if  c_showMoreInfo eq 0
        g_sz32Bit                          db "32位",0
        g_sz64Bit                          db "64位",0
    else
        g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL   db "x86", 0               ; equ 0
        g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM     db "ARM", 0               ; equ 5
        g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64    db "IA64",0               ;equ 6,基于 Intel Itanium 的
        g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64   db "x64 (AMD 或 Intel)", 0; equ 9
        g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64   db "ARM64", 0             ;equ 12
        g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_UNKNOWN db "Unknown", 0           ;equ 0ffffh,未知体系结构。
    endif ;c_showMoreInfo
    
    g_lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo   lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo ? ; dword ?
    g_lpSI                      dword ?  ; SYSTEM_INFO
    
    
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    .code
    ;sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
    start:
          invoke GetModuleHandle, OFFSET g_szkernel32Dll
          .if    eax==NULL
                 mov eax, OFFSET g_szFailGetModuleHandle
          .else
                 invoke GetProcAddress, eax, OFFSET g_szGetNativeSystemInfo
                 .IF eax==NULL
                     mov   eax, OFFSET g_szFailGetProcAddress
                 .ELSE
                     mov    g_lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo, eax
    
                        ;push   OFFSET g_lpSI
                        ;call   g_lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo
                     invoke g_lpfnGetNativeSystemInfo, OFFSET g_lpSI
    
                     mov   eax, OFFSET g_lpSI ; mov   eax, g_lpSI will cause an exception!
                     movzx  eax,  [eax+SYSTEM_INFO.wProcessorArchitecture]    ;movzx eax,  (SYSTEM_INFO ptr [eax]).wProcessorArchitecture
                     
                     invoke getCpuArcInfo
                 .ENDIF
          .endif
          invoke MessageBox, NULL, eax, OFFSET g_szCaption, MB_OK
          invoke ExitProcess, NULL
    
    
    getCpuArcInfo proc ; dwCpuArc: dword
    ; input : eax=CpuArchitecture
    ; Output: eax=offset address of Cpu Architecture infomation string
    IF  c_showMoreInfo eq 0
        .if (eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64) || (eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64) || (eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64)
            mov eax, OFFSET g_sz64Bit
        .else
            mov eax, OFFSET g_sz32Bit
        .endif
    ELSE
        .if eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL
            mov eax, OFFSET g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL
        .elseif eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM
            mov eax, OFFSET g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM
         .elseif eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64
            mov eax, OFFSET g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64
        .elseif eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64
            mov eax, OFFSET g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64
        .elseif eax==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64
            mov eax, OFFSET g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64
        .else
            mov eax, OFFSET g_szPROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_UNKNOWN
        .endif
    ENDIF ;c_showMoreInfo    
        ret
    getCpuArcInfo endp
    
    end start

程序运行结果：

![f1f423a1c2624340a977fbfaf1c38608.jpeg][]

如果用C++来完成，就没有这么折腾了，用Microsoft Visual Studio 2019来实现的代码如下：

// 32or64.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
    //
    
    #include "pch.h"
    #include "windows.h"
    #include <iostream>
    #include "sysinfoapi.h"
    
    int main()
    {
        SYSTEM_INFO si;
        int         iCpuArc;
    
        GetNativeSystemInfo(&si);
    
        iCpuArc = si.wProcessorArchitecture;
        std::cout << "si.wProcessorArchitecture=";
        std::cout << iCpuArc;
        std::cout << "\nArchitecture:";
        switch (iCpuArc)
        {
        case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL:
            std::cout << "x86\n";
            break;
        case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM:
            std::cout << "ARM\n";
            break;
        case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64:
            std::cout << "IA64\n";
            break;
        case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64:
            std::cout << "x64 (AMD 或 Intel)\n";
            break;
        case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_ARM64:
            std::cout << "ARM64\n";
            break;
        default:
            std::cout << "UNKNOWN\n";
        }
    }
    
    // 运行程序: Ctrl + F5 或调试 >“开始执行(不调试)”菜单
    // 调试程序: F5 或调试 >“开始调试”菜单
    
    // 入门使用技巧: 
    //   1. 使用解决方案资源管理器窗口添加/管理文件
    //   2. 使用团队资源管理器窗口连接到源代码管理
    //   3. 使用输出窗口查看生成输出和其他消息
    //   4. 使用错误列表窗口查看错误
    //   5. 转到“项目”>“添加新项”以创建新的代码文件，或转到“项目”>“添加现有项”以将现有代码文件添加到项目
    //   6. 将来，若要再次打开此项目，请转到“文件”>“打开”>“项目”并选择 .sln 文件

运行结果如下：

![d680bdfa347e488591685cb032164411.jpeg][]

[520a037759384a70ac9fe1c69ef3747d.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/8e0382596f914377833e734ef5f57948.jpeg
[6b2c58b86a2c40ad893ad50f182af7c3.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/5b0af2e741384f6d9a030dce0e14c5f2.jpeg
[df4dcfaa6601411f886e224b65820ca6.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/989b81ae9362488aaf37929e2048d796.jpeg
[f1f423a1c2624340a977fbfaf1c38608.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/d4e453e6323e46738843b900cc266995.jpeg
[d680bdfa347e488591685cb032164411.jpeg]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/03/31/66813fc6a9a441b9826311123759d2c0.jpeg