Maven配置文件中的标签详解

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2024-03-31 10:55 80阅读 0赞

**目录**

1. 什么是Maven POM？

2. Maven POM可以干什么？

3. Maven配置文件中标签详解

--------------------

### 1. 什么是Maven POM？ ###

POM( Project Object Model，项目对象模型 ) 是 Maven 工程的基本工作单元，是一个XML文件，包含了项目的基本信息，用于描述项目如何构建，声明项目依赖，等等。

执行任务或目标时，Maven 会在当前目录中查找 POM。它读取 POM，获取所需的配置信息，然后执行目标。

### 2. Maven POM可以干什么？ ###

POM 中可以指定以下配置：

*  项目依赖
 *  插件
 *  执行目标
 *  项目构建 profile
 *  项目版本
 *  项目开发者列表
 *  相关邮件列表信息

在创建 POM 之前，我们首先需要描述项目组 (groupId), 项目的唯一ID。

<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
        xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
        http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     
        
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        
        <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId>
     
        
        <artifactId>project</artifactId>
     
        
        <version>1.0</version>
    </project>

所有 POM 文件都需要 project 元素和三个必需字段：groupId，artifactId，version。

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>节点</th> 
   <th>描述</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>project</td> 
   <td>工程的根标签。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>modelVersion</td> 
   <td>模型版本需要设置为 4.0。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>groupId</td> 
   <td>这是工程组的标识。它在一个组织或者项目中通常是唯一的。例如，一个银行组织 com.companyname.project-group 拥有所有的和银行相关的项目。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>artifactId</td> 
   <td>这是工程的标识。它通常是工程的名称。例如，消费者银行。groupId 和 artifactId 一起定义了 artifact 在仓库中的位置。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>version</td> 
   <td> <p>这是工程的版本号。在 artifact 的仓库中，它用来区分不同的版本。例如：</p> <pre>com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.0
com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.1</pre> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 3. Maven配置文件中标签详解 ###

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
        
        <parent>
            
            <artifactId />
            
            <groupId />
            
            <version />
            
            <relativePath />
        </parent>
        
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        
        <groupId>asia.banseon</groupId>
        
        <artifactId>banseon-maven2</artifactId>
        
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
        
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        
        <name>banseon-maven</name>
        
        <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon</url>
        
        <description>A maven project to study maven.</description>
        
        <prerequisites>
            
            <maven />
        </prerequisites>
        
        <issueManagement>
            
            <system>jira</system>
            
            <url>http://jira.baidu.com/banseon</url>
        </issueManagement>
        
        <ciManagement>
            
            <system />
            
            <url />
            
            <notifiers>
                
                <notifier>
                    
                    <type />
                    
                    <sendOnError />
                    
                    <sendOnFailure />
                    
                    <sendOnSuccess />
                    
                    <sendOnWarning />
                    
                    <address />
                    
                    <configuration />
                </notifier>
            </notifiers>
        </ciManagement>
        
        <inceptionYear />
        
        <mailingLists>
            
            <mailingList>
                
                <name>Demo</name>
                
                <post>banseon@126.com</post>
                
                <subscribe>banseon@126.com</subscribe>
                
                <unsubscribe>banseon@126.com</unsubscribe>
                
                <archive>http:/hi.baidu.com/banseon/demo/dev/</archive>
            </mailingList>
        </mailingLists>
        
        <developers>
            
            <developer>
                
                <id>HELLO WORLD</id>
                
                <name>banseon</name>
                
                <email>banseon@126.com</email>
                
                <url />
                
                <roles>
                    <role>Project Manager</role>
                    <role>Architect</role>
                </roles>
                
                <organization>demo</organization>
                
                <organizationUrl>http://hi.baidu.com/banseon</organizationUrl>
                
                <properties>
                    <dept>No</dept>
                </properties>
                
                <timezone>-5</timezone>
            </developer>
        </developers>
        
        <contributors>
            
            <contributor>
                <name />
                <email />
                <url />
                <organization />
                <organizationUrl />
                <roles />
                <timezone />
                <properties />
            </contributor>
        </contributors>
        
        <licenses>
            
            <license>
                
                <name>Apache 2</name>
                
                <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url>
                
                <distribution>repo</distribution>
                
                <comments>A business-friendly OSS license</comments>
            </license>
        </licenses>
        
        <scm>
            
            <connection>
                scm:svn:http://svn.baidu.com/banseon/maven/banseon/banseon-maven2-trunk(dao-trunk)
            </connection>
            
            <developerConnection>
                scm:svn:http://svn.baidu.com/banseon/maven/banseon/dao-trunk
            </developerConnection>
            
            <tag />
            
            <url>http://svn.baidu.com/banseon</url>
        </scm>
        
        <organization>
            
            <name>demo</name>
            
            <url>http://www.baidu.com/banseon</url>
        </organization>
        
        <build>
            
            <sourceDirectory />
            
            <scriptSourceDirectory />
            
            <testSourceDirectory />
            
            <outputDirectory />
            
            <testOutputDirectory />
            
            <extensions>
                
                <extension>
                    
                    <groupId />
                    
                    <artifactId />
                    
                    <version />
                </extension>
            </extensions>
            
            <defaultGoal />
            
            <resources>
                
                <resource>
                    
                    <targetPath />
                    
                    <filtering />
                    
                    <directory />
                    
                    <includes />
                    
                    <excludes />
                </resource>
            </resources>
            
            <testResources>
                
                <testResource>
                    <targetPath />
                    <filtering />
                    <directory />
                    <includes />
                    <excludes />
                </testResource>
            </testResources>
            
            <directory />
            
            <finalName />
            
            <filters />
            
            <pluginManagement>
                
                <plugins>
                    
                    <plugin>
                        
                        <groupId />
                        
                        <artifactId />
                        
                        <version />
                        
                        <extensions />
                        
                        <executions>
                            
                            <execution>
                                
                                <id />
                                
                                <phase />
                                
                                <goals />
                                
                                <inherited />
                                
                                <configuration />
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                        
                        <dependencies>
                            
                            <dependency>
                                ......
                            </dependency>
                        </dependencies>
                        
                        <inherited />
                        
                        <configuration />
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </pluginManagement>
            
            <plugins>
                
                <plugin>
                    <groupId />
                    <artifactId />
                    <version />
                    <extensions />
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id />
                            <phase />
                            <goals />
                            <inherited />
                            <configuration />
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                    <dependencies>
                        
                        <dependency>
                            ......
                        </dependency>
                    </dependencies>
                    <goals />
                    <inherited />
                    <configuration />
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
        
        <profiles>
            
            <profile>
                
                <id />
                
                <activation>
                    
                    <activeByDefault />
                    
                    <jdk />
                    
                    <os>
                        
                        <name>Windows XP</name>
                        
                        <family>Windows</family>
                        
                        <arch>x86</arch>
                        
                        <version>5.1.2600</version>
                    </os>
                    
                    <property>
                        
                        <name>mavenVersion</name>
                        
                        <value>2.0.3</value>
                    </property>
                    
                    <file>
                        
                        <exists>/usr/local/hudson/hudson-home/jobs/maven-guide-zh-to-production/workspace/
                        </exists>
                        
                        <missing>/usr/local/hudson/hudson-home/jobs/maven-guide-zh-to-production/workspace/
                        </missing>
                    </file>
                </activation>
                
                <build>
                    <defaultGoal />
                    <resources>
                        <resource>
                            <targetPath />
                            <filtering />
                            <directory />
                            <includes />
                            <excludes />
                        </resource>
                    </resources>
                    <testResources>
                        <testResource>
                            <targetPath />
                            <filtering />
                            <directory />
                            <includes />
                            <excludes />
                        </testResource>
                    </testResources>
                    <directory />
                    <finalName />
                    <filters />
                    <pluginManagement>
                        <plugins>
                            
                            <plugin>
                                <groupId />
                                <artifactId />
                                <version />
                                <extensions />
                                <executions>
                                    <execution>
                                        <id />
                                        <phase />
                                        <goals />
                                        <inherited />
                                        <configuration />
                                    </execution>
                                </executions>
                                <dependencies>
                                    
                                    <dependency>
                                        ......
                                    </dependency>
                                </dependencies>
                                <goals />
                                <inherited />
                                <configuration />
                            </plugin>
                        </plugins>
                    </pluginManagement>
                    <plugins>
                        
                        <plugin>
                            <groupId />
                            <artifactId />
                            <version />
                            <extensions />
                            <executions>
                                <execution>
                                    <id />
                                    <phase />
                                    <goals />
                                    <inherited />
                                    <configuration />
                                </execution>
                            </executions>
                            <dependencies>
                                
                                <dependency>
                                    ......
                                </dependency>
                            </dependencies>
                            <goals />
                            <inherited />
                            <configuration />
                        </plugin>
                    </plugins>
                </build>
                
                <modules />
                
                <repositories>
                    
                    <repository>
                        <releases>
                            <enabled />
                            <updatePolicy />
                            <checksumPolicy />
                        </releases>
                        <snapshots>
                            <enabled />
                            <updatePolicy />
                            <checksumPolicy />
                        </snapshots>
                        <id />
                        <name />
                        <url />
                        <layout />
                    </repository>
                </repositories>
                
                <pluginRepositories>
                    
                    <pluginRepository>
                        <releases>
                            <enabled />
                            <updatePolicy />
                            <checksumPolicy />
                        </releases>
                        <snapshots>
                            <enabled />
                            <updatePolicy />
                            <checksumPolicy />
                        </snapshots>
                        <id />
                        <name />
                        <url />
                        <layout />
                    </pluginRepository>
                </pluginRepositories>
                
                <dependencies>
                    
                    <dependency>
                        ......
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
                
                <reports />
                
                <reporting>
                    ......
                </reporting>
                
                <dependencyManagement>
                    <dependencies>
                        
                        <dependency>
                            ......
                        </dependency>
                    </dependencies>
                </dependencyManagement>
                
                <distributionManagement>
                    ......
                </distributionManagement>
                
                <properties />
            </profile>
        </profiles>
        
        <modules />
        
        <repositories>
            
            <repository>
                
                <releases>
                    
                    <enabled />
                    
                    <updatePolicy />
                    
                    <checksumPolicy />
                </releases>
                
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled />
                    <updatePolicy />
                    <checksumPolicy />
                </snapshots>
                
                <id>banseon-repository-proxy</id>
                
                <name>banseon-repository-proxy</name>
                
                <url>http://192.168.1.169:9999/repository/</url>
                
                <layout>default</layout>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
        
        <pluginRepositories>
            
            <pluginRepository>
                ......
            </pluginRepository>
        </pluginRepositories>
     
     
        
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                
                <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
                
                <artifactId>maven-artifact</artifactId>
                
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                
                <type>jar</type>
                
                <classifier></classifier>
                
                <scope>test</scope>
                
                <systemPath></systemPath>
                
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
                
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        
        <reports></reports>
        
        <reporting>
            
            <excludeDefaults />
            
            <outputDirectory />
            
            <plugins>
                
                <plugin>
                    
                    <groupId />
                    
                    <artifactId />
                    
                    <version />
                    
                    <inherited />
                    
                    <configuration />
                    
                    <reportSets>
                        
                        <reportSet>
                            
                            <id />
                            
                            <configuration />
                            
                            <inherited />
                            
                            <reports />
                        </reportSet>
                    </reportSets>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </reporting>
        
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                
                <dependency>
                    ......
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
        
        <distributionManagement>
            
            <repository>
                
                <uniqueVersion />
                <id>banseon-maven2</id>
                <name>banseon maven2</name>
                <url>file://${basedir}/target/deploy</url>
                <layout />
            </repository>
            
            <snapshotRepository>
                <uniqueVersion />
                <id>banseon-maven2</id>
                <name>Banseon-maven2 Snapshot Repository</name>
                <url>scp://svn.baidu.com/banseon:/usr/local/maven-snapshot</url>
                <layout />
            </snapshotRepository>
            
            <site>
                
                <id>banseon-site</id>
                
                <name>business api website</name>
                
                <url>
                    scp://svn.baidu.com/banseon:/var/www/localhost/banseon-web
                </url>
            </site>
            
            <downloadUrl />
            
            <relocation>
                
                <groupId />
                
                <artifactId />
                
                <version />
                
                <message />
            </relocation>
            
            <status />
        </distributionManagement>
        
        <properties />
    </project>