SpringMVC项目RESTful案例

喜欢ヅ旅行 2024-04-01 15:29 8阅读 0赞

## 1. 需求分析 ##

需求一：图片列表查询，从后台返回数据，将数据展示在页面上；

![在这里插入图片描述][46ac1eb5e5a4468e9c09537555fd7281.png_pic_center]

需求二：新增图片，将新增用户的数据传递到后台，并在控制台打印。

![在这里插入图片描述][006e7c1ada174571a1fd77d0fbdb7618.png_pic_center]

**说明**：此次案例的重点是在SpringMVC中如何使用RESTful实现前后台交互，所以本案例并没有和数据库进行交互，所有数据使用`假`数据来完成开发。

步骤分析：

> 1.搭建项目导入jar包；
> 
> 2.编写Controller类，提供两个方法，一个用来做列表查询，一个用来做新增；
> 
> 3.在方法上使用RESTful进行路径设置；
> 
> 4.完成请求、参数的接收和结果的响应；
> 
> 5.使用PostMan进行测试；
> 
> 6.将前端页面拷贝到项目中；
> 
> 7.页面发送ajax请求；
> 
> 8.完成页面数据的展示；

## 2. 环境准备 ##

*  创建一个Web的Maven项目
 *  pom.xml添加Spring依赖
    
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        
        <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        
          <groupId>com.dcxuexi</groupId>
          <artifactId>springmvc_05_rest_case</artifactId>
          <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          <packaging>war</packaging>
        
          <name>springmvc_05_rest_case Maven Webapp</name>
          
          <url>http://www.example.com</url>
        
          <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
          </properties>
        
          <dependencies>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
              <version>5.2.15.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
              <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
              <version>3.1.0</version>
              <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
              <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
              <version>2.9.8</version>
            </dependency>
          </dependencies>
        
          <build>
            <plugins>
              <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <configuration>
                  <port>80</port>
                  <path>/</path>
                  <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                </configuration>
              </plugin>
            </plugins>
          </build>
        
        </project>
 *  创建对应的配置类
    
        @Configuration
        @ComponentScan("com.dcxuexi.controller")
        @EnableWebMvc
        public class SpringMvcConfig {
              
        }
    
        public class ServlertConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
              
            @Override
            protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
              
                return new Class[0];
            }
        
            @Override
            protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
              
                return new Class[]{
              SpringMvcConfig.class};
            }
        
            @Override
            protected String[] getServletMappings() {
              
                return new String[]{
              "/"};
            }
        
            @Override
            protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
              
                return new Filter[]{
              new CharacterEncodingFilter("UTF-8")};
            }
        }
 *  编写模型类User
    
        public class User {
              
            private String userName;
            private Integer userAge;
            private String userSex;
            private String address;
        
            public User() {
              
            }
        
            public User(String userName, Integer userAge, String userSex, String address) {
              
                this.userName = userName;
                this.userAge = userAge;
                this.userSex = userSex;
                this.address = address;
            }
        
            public String getUserName() {
              
                return userName;
            }
        
            public void setUserName(String userName) {
              
                this.userName = userName;
            }
        
            public Integer getUserAge() {
              
                return userAge;
            }
        
            public void setUserAge(Integer userAge) {
              
                this.userAge = userAge;
            }
        
            public String getUserSex() {
              
                return userSex;
            }
        
            public void setUserSex(String userSex) {
              
                this.userSex = userSex;
            }
        
            public String getAddress() {
              
                return address;
            }
        
            public void setAddress(String address) {
              
                this.address = address;
            }
        
            @Override
            public String toString() {
              
                return "User{" +
                        "userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                        ", userAge=" + userAge +
                        ", userSex='" + userSex + '\'' +
                        ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                        '}';
            }
        }
 *  编写UserController
    
        @Controller
        public class UserController {
              
        
            
        }

最终创建好的项目结构如下:

![在这里插入图片描述][f201e25ab0b544aea84dd19d3b964103.png_pic_center]

## 3. 后台接口开发 ##

### 步骤1:编写Controller类并使用RESTful进行配置 ###

@RestController
    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public class UserController {
        
    
        @GetMapping
        public List<User> findAll(){
        
            List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
            User user1 = new User("刘德华", 61, "男", "香港，中国香港影视男演员、歌手、制片人、作词人");
            User user2 = new User("黎明", 56, "男", "香港，中国香港男歌手、演员、导演");
            User user3 = new User("郭富城", 57, "男", "香港，华语影视男演员、歌手、舞者");
            User user4 = new User("张学友", 61, "男", "香港，中国香港流行乐男歌手、演员、作曲人");
            User user5 = new User("成龙", 69, "男", "香港，中国影视男演员、导演、制作人、编剧、歌手");
            userList.add(user1);
            userList.add(user2);
            userList.add(user3);
            userList.add(user4);
            userList.add(user5);
            return userList;
        }
    
        @PostMapping
        public String save(User user){
        
            System.out.println("user save ==> "+ user);
            return "{'module':'user save success'}";
        }
    }

### 步骤2：使用PostMan进行测试 ###

测试新增

{
        
        "userName": "王菲",
        "userAge": 53,
        "userSex": "女",
        "address": "北京市东城区，中国流行乐女歌手、影视演员"
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][7d3b6289874d47968e15b46704ce0b30.png_pic_center]

测试查询

![在这里插入图片描述][1666d28b181444b7b7cabb47ecacb564.png_pic_center]

## 4. 页面访问处理 ##

### 步骤1:拷贝静态页面 ###

将准备好的所有内容拷贝到项目的`webapp`目录下

![在这里插入图片描述][579ece06be3641e9aabcf403c3d5575f.png_pic_center]

### 步骤2:访问pages目录下的user.html ###

打开浏览器输入`http://localhost/page/user.html`

![在这里插入图片描述][7e1a75fe0bae445da7b2d35198516160.png_pic_center]

(1)出现错误的原因?

![在这里插入图片描述][1cae02663225496286aa2523af05dbee.png_pic_center]

SpringMVC拦截了静态资源，根据/page/user.html去controller找对应的方法，找不到所以会报404的错误。

(2)SpringMVC为什么会拦截静态资源呢?

![在这里插入图片描述][a0a018825b94455b956a454781c95481.png_pic_center]

(3)解决方案?

*  SpringMVC需要将静态资源进行放行。

@Configuration
    public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
        
        //设置静态资源访问过滤，当前类需要设置为配置类，并被扫描加载
        @Override
        protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        
            //当访问/pages/????时候，从/pages目录下查找内容
            registry.addResourceHandler("/page/**").addResourceLocations("/page/");
            registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
            registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
            registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
        }
    }

*  该配置类是在config目录下，SpringMVC扫描的是controller包，所以该配置类还未生效，要想生效需要将SpringMvcConfig配置类进行修改

@Configuration
    @ComponentScan({
        "com.dcxuexi.controller","com.dcxuexi.config"}) // 方法一
    //@ComponentScan("com.dcxuexi") // 方法二
    @EnableWebMvc
    public class SpringMvcConfig {
        
    }

### 步骤3:修改user.html页面 ###

<!DOCTYPE html>
    
    <html>
        <head>
            
            <meta charset="utf-8">
            <title>SpringMVC案例</title>
            
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/elementui/index.css">
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css">
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css">
        </head>
    
        <body class="hold-transition">
    
            <div id="app">
    
                <div class="content-header">
                    <h1>用户管理</h1>
                </div>
    
                <div class="app-container">
                    <div class="box">
                        <div class="filter-container">
                            <el-input placeholder="用户名称" style="width: 200px;" class="filter-item"></el-input>
                            <el-button class="dalfBut">查询</el-button>
                            <el-button type="primary" class="butT" @click="openSave()">新建</el-button>
                        </div>
    
                        <el-table size="small" current-row-key="id" :data="dataList" stripe highlight-current-row>
                            <el-table-column type="index" align="center" label="序号"></el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="userName" label="用户名称" align="center"></el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="userAge" label="用户年龄" align="center"></el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="userSex" label="用户性别" align="center"></el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column prop="address" label="描述" align="center"></el-table-column>
                            <el-table-column label="操作" align="center">
                                <template slot-scope="scope">
                                    <el-button type="primary" size="mini">编辑</el-button>
                                    <el-button size="mini" type="danger">删除</el-button>
                                </template>
                            </el-table-column>
                        </el-table>
    
                        <div class="pagination-container">
                            <el-pagination
                                class="pagiantion"
                                @current-change="handleCurrentChange"
                                :current-page="pagination.currentPage"
                                :page-size="pagination.pageSize"
                                layout="total, prev, pager, next, jumper"
                                :total="pagination.total">
                            </el-pagination>
                        </div>
    
                        
                        <div class="add-form">
                            <el-dialog title="新增用户" :visible.sync="dialogFormVisible">
                                <el-form ref="dataAddForm" :model="formData" :rules="rules" label-position="right" label-width="100px">
                                    <el-row>
                                        <el-col :span="12">
                                            <el-form-item label="用户名称" prop="userName">
                                                <el-input v-model="formData.userName" />
                                            </el-form-item>
                                        </el-col>
                                        <el-col :span="12">
                                            <el-form-item label="用户年龄" prop="userAge">
                                                <el-input v-model="formData.userAge" />
                                            </el-form-item>
                                        </el-col>
                                        <el-col :span="12">
                                            <el-form-item label="用户性别" prop="userSex">
                                                <el-input v-model="formData.userSex" />
                                            </el-form-item>
                                        </el-col>
                                    </el-row>
                                    <el-row>
                                        <el-col :span="24">
                                            <el-form-item label="描述">
                                                <el-input v-model="formData.address" type="textarea"></el-input>
                                            </el-form-item>
                                        </el-col>
                                    </el-row>
                                </el-form>
                                <div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
                                    <el-button @click="dialogFormVisible = false">取消</el-button>
                                    <el-button type="primary" @click="saveBook()">确定</el-button>
                                </div>
                            </el-dialog>
                        </div>
    
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </body>
    
        
        <script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
        <script src="../plugins/elementui/index.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery.min.js"></script>
        <script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
    
        <script>
            var vue = new Vue({
          
    
                el: '#app',
    
                data:{
          
    				dataList: [],//当前页要展示的分页列表数据
                    formData: {
          },//表单数据
                    dialogFormVisible: false,//增加表单是否可见
                    dialogFormVisible4Edit:false,//编辑表单是否可见
                    pagination: {
          },//分页模型数据，暂时弃用
                },
    
                //钩子函数，VUE对象初始化完成后自动执行
                created() {
          
                    this.getAll();
                },
    
                methods: {
          
                    // 重置表单
                    resetForm() {
          
                        //清空输入框
                        this.formData = {
          };
                    },
    
                    // 弹出添加窗口
                    openSave() {
          
                        this.dialogFormVisible = true;
                        this.resetForm();
                    },
    
                    //添加
                    saveBook () {
          
                        axios.post("/user",this.formData).then((res)=>{
          
    
                        });
                    },
    
                    //主页列表查询
                    getAll() {
          
                        axios.get("/user/").then((res)=>{
          
                            this.dataList = res.data;
                            console(this.dataList);
                        });
                    },
    
                }
            })
        </script>
    </html>

## 项目代码 ##

*  [gitee 代码下载][gitee]
 *  [github 代码下载][github]

[46ac1eb5e5a4468e9c09537555fd7281.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/1e1b256602ce46749e358edebdd4bdd1.png
[006e7c1ada174571a1fd77d0fbdb7618.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/3ccd05e543954677b742244d3f14d0a9.png
[f201e25ab0b544aea84dd19d3b964103.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/90a846b5ef1249599aea7845892159fb.png
[7d3b6289874d47968e15b46704ce0b30.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/1a19aecca8a342e7bf09076fbcce06a4.png
[1666d28b181444b7b7cabb47ecacb564.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/ed69f9ea04ce41ecb7679dcd64d54915.png
[579ece06be3641e9aabcf403c3d5575f.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/5d5464584bf9441488d4a3232f86a031.png
[7e1a75fe0bae445da7b2d35198516160.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/200da52825284c8a83f73113b3822469.png
[1cae02663225496286aa2523af05dbee.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/8cf9b609bbc04d37a0a327aaee86f058.png
[a0a018825b94455b956a454781c95481.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/01/69acb2e37d1747dd830b28ec563fc7a8.png
[gitee]: https://gitee.com/DchuangDB/SpringMVCProject
[github]: https://github.com/dcbut/SpringMVCProject