已解决：源 “MySQL 5.7 Community Server“ 的 GPG 密钥已安装，但是不适用于此软件包。请检查源的公钥 URL 是否配置正确和报错：`ERROR 1045 (28000

我会带着你远行 2024-04-03 12:04 18阅读 0赞

#### 文章目录 ####

*   *  问题描述

### 问题描述 ###

1.  服务器上安装mysql时出现了报错，简单记录下解决方案
    
        源 "MySQL 5.7 Community Server" 的 GPG 密钥已安装，但是不适用于此软件包。请检查源的公钥 URL 是否配置正确。
        
        
         失败的软件包是：mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64
         GPG  密钥配置为：file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
2.  执行：`rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022`
    
        [root@localhost mysql]# rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
        [root@localhost mysql]# yum install mysql-server
        已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
        Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
        正在解决依赖关系
        --> 正在检查事务
        ---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
        --> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.40-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 需要
        --> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 需要
        --> 正在检查事务
        ---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
        --> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.7.40-1.el7.x86_64 需要
        ---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 安装
        --> 正在检查事务
        ---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.60-1.el7_5 将被 取代
        --> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 需要
        --> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-7.el7.x86_64 需要
        ---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
        --> 正在检查事务
        ---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64.0.5.7.40-1.el7 将被 舍弃
        --> 解决依赖关系完成
        
        依赖关系解决
3.  启动mysql服务并查看运行状态
    
        [root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start
        Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
        [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
        ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
           Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
           Active: active (running) since 四 2022-10-13 05:42:37 UTC; 7s ago
             Docs: man:mysqld(8)
                   http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
          Process: 10239 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
          Process: 10181 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
         Main PID: 10242 (mysqld)
            Tasks: 27
           CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
                   └─10242 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
        
        10月 13 05:42:26 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
        10月 13 05:42:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
4.  查看mysql初始密码：`grep 'A temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log`
    
        [root@localhost mysql]# grep 'A temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
        2022-10-13T05:42:35.302480Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: !oCdG%3prdP1
    
    1.  使用初始密码进行登录，报错：`ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'`
    2.  修改 `/etc/my.cnf`文件，在最后加入`skip-grant-tables`
    
        # For advice on how to change settings please see
        # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
        
        [mysqld]
        #
        # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
        # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
        # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
        #
        # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
        # changes to the binary log between backups.
        # log_bin
        #
        # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
        # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
        # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
        # join_buffer_size = 128M
        # sort_buffer_size = 2M
        # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
        datadir=/var/lib/mysql
        socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
        
        # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
        symbolic-links=0
        
        log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
        pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
        skip-grant-tables
5.  然后重启数据库：systemctl restart mysqld
    
        [root@localhost mysql]# systemctl restart mysqld
6.  可以使用无密码直接登录：
    
        [root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p 
        Enter password: 
        Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
        Your MySQL connection id is 2
        Server version: 5.7.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
        
        Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
        
        Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
        affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
        owners.
        
        Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
        
        mysql>
7.  修改root 密码前，先刷新一下权限，然后再修改root密码
    
        mysql> flush privileges;
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
        mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
        Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)