微信接口配置失败、接收微信发送的消息、与微信交互

悠悠 2024-04-03 11:48 51阅读 0赞

## 微信接口配置失败、接收微信发送的消息 ##

### 1 微信接口配置失败 ###

> 因为要注册测试账号，微信需要发送对应请求后，由我们返回特定信息
> 
> ![在这里插入图片描述][89cc274ac8e74da8b3c1fff65bac1e4d.png]  
> 官网接入文档地址：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Basic\_Information/Access\_Overview.html

![在这里插入图片描述][65a957b451bd4e94a742aef5895d1bf8.png]

#### 1.1 编写加密类 ####

public class Decript {
        
        public static String SHA1(String decript) {
        
            try {
        
                MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest
                        .getInstance("SHA-1");
                digest.update(decript.getBytes());
                byte messageDigest[] = digest.digest();
                // Create Hex String
                StringBuffer hexString = new StringBuffer();
                // 字节数组转换为 十六进制 数
                for (int i = 0; i < messageDigest.length; i++) {
        
                    String shaHex = Integer.toHexString(messageDigest[i] & 0xFF);
                    if (shaHex.length() < 2) {
        
                        hexString.append(0);
                    }
                    hexString.append(shaHex);
                }
                return hexString.toString();
    
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "";
        }
    }

#### 1.2 编写消息处理service ####

@Service
    public class WxSignatureCheckService {
        
    
        //token，此处token内容与网站上我们填写的token一致
        private final String token = "wxtoken";
    
        public String wxSignatureCheck(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce, String echostr) {
        
            ArrayList<String> array = new ArrayList<String>();
            array.add(signature);
            array.add(timestamp);
            array.add(nonce);
    
            //排序
            String sortString = sort(token, timestamp, nonce);
            //加密
            String mytoken = Decript.SHA1(sortString);
            //校验签名
            if (mytoken != null && mytoken != "" && mytoken.equals(signature)) {
        
                System.out.println("签名校验通过。");
                return echostr; //如果检验成功输出echostr，微信服务器接收到此输出，才会确认检验完成。
            } else {
        
                System.out.println("签名校验失败。");
                return null;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 排序方法
         * @param token
         * @param timestamp
         * @param nonce
         * @return
         */
        public static String sort(String token, String timestamp, String nonce) {
        
            String[] strArray = {
         token, timestamp, nonce };
            Arrays.sort(strArray);
    
            StringBuilder sbuilder = new StringBuilder();
            for (String str : strArray) {
        
                sbuilder.append(str);
            }
    
            return sbuilder.toString();
        }
    
    }

#### 1.3 编写controller类，接收请求 ####

@RestController
    public class WxSignatureCheckController {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private WxSignatureCheckService wxSignatureCheckService;
    
        @RequestMapping("/wx")//此处的请求路径与网站上填写的一致
        public String wxSignatureCheck(
                @RequestParam(value = "signature") String signature,
                @RequestParam(value = "timestamp") String timestamp,
                @RequestParam(value = "nonce") String nonce,
                @RequestParam(value = "echostr") String echostr
        ){
        
            return wxSignatureCheckService.wxSignatureCheck(signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);
        }
    
    }

> 注意:此处我使用了内网穿透服务【ngrok】  
> 感兴趣的可以去网上下载然后开启即可，会自动分配给我们一个域名  
> 地址：http://ngrok.cc/login.html

### 2 接收微信发送的消息 ###

参考官方手册：https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message\_Management/Receiving\_standard\_messages.html

> 微信测试账号发送消息是以POST方式发送XML数据  
> 此处以文本信息为例：

![在这里插入图片描述][673a9fac47d243fcb37e6a67bb245d15.png]

#### 2.1 扫描自己的测试公众号 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][b8eadcaa73194f759d59338cceac0577.png]  
地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandboxinfo?action=showinfo&t=sandbox/index

#### 2.2 编写请求处理类 ####

> 因为微信是通过POST请求发送XML数据，所以此处采用dom4j解析XML

①引入dom4j依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
    </dependency>

②编写service解析XML

③编写controller接收消息

@RestController
    public class WxController {
        
    
        @Autowired
        private WxService wxService;
    
        @PostMapping("/wx")
        public void receiveMsg(HttpServletRequest request){
        
            try {
        
                ServletInputStream is = request.getInputStream();
                Map<String, String> result = wxService.parseRequest(is);
                System.out.println(result);
            } catch (IOException e) {
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

#### 2.3 发送消息 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][7be64e7fa07b419d9760b66c40eb4c28.png]

结果如下：  
![在这里插入图片描述][b08f2d43fc2a45c3829c2db0cd60bde9.png]  
语音、图片、位置信息等内容，参考官方文档解析即可。

> https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message\_Management/Receiving\_standard\_messages.html

### 3 接收并恢复消息 ###

#### 3.1 导入依赖构建返回的XML数据 ####

<dependency>
         <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
         <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
         <version>1.4.14</version>
     </dependency>
    
     
     <dependency>
         <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
         <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
         <version>1.1</version>
     </dependency>
    
     <dependency>
         <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
         <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
         <version>1.18.24</version>
     </dependency>

#### 3.2 构建返回数据 ####

①父类：

@Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class BaseMessage {
        
    
        @XStreamAlias("ToUserName")
        private String toUserName;
        @XStreamAlias("FromUserName")
        private String fromUserName;
        @XStreamAlias("CreateTime")
        private String createTime;
        @XStreamAlias("MsgType")
        private String msgType;
        @XStreamAlias("MsgId")
        private String msgId;
    
        //初始化默认数据
        public BaseMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap){
        
            //开始是请求方，返回数据的时候，就成为了发送方
            this.toUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");
            this.fromUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");
            //微信中的时间默认是10位数，java的currentTimeMillis是13位，因此要除以1000
            this.createTime = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000 + "";
            this.msgId = requestMap.get("MsgId");
        }
    
    }

②文本消息

@Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @XStreamAlias("xml")
    public class TextMessage extends BaseMessage{
        
    
        //文本内容
        @XStreamAlias("Content")
        private String content;
    
        public TextMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap, String content){
        
            super(requestMap);
            //设置消息类型为文本
            super.setMsgType("text");
            //设置文本消息
            this.content = content;
        }
    }

③图片消息

@Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @XStreamAlias("xml")
    public class PicMessage extends BaseMessage{
        
    
        //图片链接
        @XStreamAlias("PicUrl")
        private String picUrl;
    
        //图片消息
        public PicMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap, String picUrl){
        
            super(requestMap);
            this.setMsgType("image");
            this.picUrl = picUrl;
        }
    }

#### 3.3 创建service处理消息 ####

@Service
    public class WxService {
        
    
        /**
         * 解析通过dom4j解析XML数据
         * @param is
         * @return map
         */
        public Map<String, String> parseRequest(InputStream is){
        
            Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
            SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
            try{
        
                //读取输入流，获取文档对象
                Document document = reader.read(is);
                //根据文档对象获取根节点
                Element root = document.getRootElement();
                //获取根节点的所有子节点
                List<Element> elements = root.elements();
                for(Element e : elements){
        
                    map.put(e.getName(), e.getStringValue());
                }
                return map;
            }catch (Exception e){
        
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * 返回的消息
         * @param requestMap
         * @return
         */
        public String getResponse(Map<String, String> requestMap){
        
            String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");
            //要返回的消息
            BaseMessage rtnMsg = null;
            switch (msgType){
        
                //根据消息类型，处理不同消息
                case "text":
                    rtnMsg = dealTextMessage(requestMap);
                case "image":
                    //TODO
                    break;
                case "voice":
    
                    break;
                case "video":
    
                    break;
                case "shortvideo":
    
                    break;
                case "location":
    
                    break;
                case "link":
    
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            return beanToXML(rtnMsg);
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 将消息对象处理为XML数据包
         * @param msg
         * @return
         */
        public String beanToXML(BaseMessage msg){
        
            if(msg == null){
        
                return "";
            }        //公众号返回信息
            XStream stream = new XStream();
            //设置需要处理XStreamAlias("xml")注解的类
            stream.processAnnotations(TextMessage.class);
            stream.processAnnotations(PicMessage.class);
            String xml = stream.toXML(msg);
            return xml;
        }
    
        /**
         * 处理文本消息
         * @param requestMap
         * @return
         */
        public BaseMessage dealTextMessage(Map<String, String> requestMap){
        
            String returnMsg = "收到消息！！！";
            TextMessage tm = new TextMessage(requestMap, returnMsg);
            return tm;
        }
    }

#### 3.4 构建controller ####

@PostMapping("/wx")
    public void receiveMsg(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
        
        try {
        
            //设置编码，防止乱码
            request.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");
            response.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");
            //获取请求信息
            ServletInputStream is = request.getInputStream();
            //处理消息和事件推送
            Map<String, String> requestMap = wxService.parseRequest(is);
            System.out.println(requestMap);
            //准备回复的数据包
            String respXML = wxService.getResponse(requestMap);
            System.out.println(respXML);
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            out.print(respXML);
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
        
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

#### 3.5 测试 ####

在测试号上发送消息：  
![在这里插入图片描述][e293ca37d9b74fdc808037cdfb385540.png]  
控制台打印消息：  
![在这里插入图片描述][df7cc1b90bd645e39aa3366444f808d8.png]

> 其他消息处理：类似，官方其他消息XML格式  
> https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Message\_Management/Receiving\_standard\_messages.html

[89cc274ac8e74da8b3c1fff65bac1e4d.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/f7b932e1854041abac37392712b7d72e.png
[65a957b451bd4e94a742aef5895d1bf8.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/2ac4a06a123941e08035af93061e8dec.png
[673a9fac47d243fcb37e6a67bb245d15.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/b9e53c2f57d74719805c24506605532f.png
[b8eadcaa73194f759d59338cceac0577.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/9622f1daadb9498a8d64d3ca569127dd.png
[7be64e7fa07b419d9760b66c40eb4c28.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/987a6faf1e0444018bfd642c422e37bf.png
[b08f2d43fc2a45c3829c2db0cd60bde9.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/7017a9034a7a4833b413b69819c346c9.png
[e293ca37d9b74fdc808037cdfb385540.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/cf5783cead66498e8d289545f10a68fa.png
[df7cc1b90bd645e39aa3366444f808d8.png]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/03/79a4273d5c2e46d8b7e3bc3879262e42.png