springcloud简介

分手后的思念是犯贱 2024-04-08 11:58 63阅读 0赞

#### springcloud简介 ####

*  一、什么是springcloud
 *  二、关于springcloud的网站
 *  三、Spring Cloud 现状
 *  四、Spring Cloud 优缺点
 *  五、创建一个项目来介绍springcloud
 *   *  1、创建父工程microservice
     *  2、创建通用模块microservice-common
     *  3、创建服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001
 *  创建服务消费者microservice-student-consumer-80

> 今天要讲解的问题  
> 1、springcloud解决了什么问题？  
> 2、最简单的分布式架构的项目  
> 一个消费者一个生产者  
> 3、引入eureka初步解决可能的服务宕机的问题  
> 初步理解注册中心的作用  
> 4、配置注册中心中的服务的联系负责人

## 一、什么是springcloud ##

Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等，都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud并没有重复制造轮子，它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来，通过Spring Boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理，最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。

[详细介绍springcloud][springcloud]

## 二、关于springcloud的网站 ##

[springcloud的官网][springcloud 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

[springcloud中文网][springcloud 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

[springcloud中文论坛][springcloud 3]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

[Springcloud版本pom文件生成可借助网站][Springcloud_pom]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

## 三、Spring Cloud 现状 ##

目前，国内使用 Spring Cloud 技术的公司并不多见，不是因为 Spring Cloud 不好，主要原因有以下几点：

> 1、Spring Cloud 中文文档较少，出现问题网上没有太多的解决方案。  
> 2、国内创业型公司技术老大大多是阿里系员工，而阿里系多采用 Dubbo 来构建微服务架构。  
> 3、大型公司基本都有自己的分布式解决方案，而中小型公司的架构很多用不上微服务，所以没有采用 Spring Cloud 的必要性。

但是，微服务架构是一个趋势，而 Spring Cloud 是微服务解决方案的佼佼者，这也是作者写本系列课程的意义所在

## 四、Spring Cloud 优缺点 ##

优点有：

> 1、集大成者，Spring Cloud 包含了微服务架构的方方面面。/  
> 2、约定优于配置，基于注解，没有配置文件。  
> 3、轻量级组件，Spring Cloud 整合的组件大多比较轻量级，且都是各自领域的佼佼者。  
> 4、开发简便，Spring Cloud 对各个组件进行了大量的封装，从而简化了开发。  
> 5、开发灵活，Spring Cloud 的组件都是解耦的，开发人员可以灵活按需选择组件。

缺点：

> 1、项目结构复杂，每一个组件或者每一个服务都需要创建一个项目。  
> 2、部署门槛高，项目部署需要配合 Docker 等容器技术进行集群部署，而要想深入了解 Docker，学习成本高。

## 五、创建一个项目来介绍springcloud ##

### 1、创建父工程microservice ###

1、创建一个项目  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
2、更改pom.xml 文件

### 2、创建通用模块microservice-common ###

1、创建一个spring项目  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
2、在MicroserviceCommonApplication中添加下面的注解  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
3、写一个entity类，创建表数据

package com.zking.microservicecommon.entity;
    
    import javax.persistence.*;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    /**
     * @author 小七
     * @create  2020-12-10 11:27
     */
    @Entity
    @Table(name="t_springcloud_student")
    public class Student implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        @Id
        @GeneratedValue
        private Integer id;
    
        @Column(length=50)
        private String name;
    
        @Column(length=50)
        private String grade;
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public String getGrade() {
            return grade;
        }
        public void setGrade(String grade) {
            this.grade = grade;
        }
    
    
    
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

### 3、创建服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001 ###

1、在项目中在创建一个springboot的项目

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
再一直下一步就好

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]  
修改pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.zking</groupId>
            <artifactId>t243microservice</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <artifactId>microservice-student-provider-1001</artifactId>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.javaxl</groupId>
                <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

配置yml文件

server:
      port: 1001
      context-path: /
    spring:
      datasource:
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis_ssm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
        username: mybatis_ssm
        password: xiaoli
      jpa:
        hibernate:
          ddl-auto: update
        show-sql: true

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

package com.zking.microservicestudentprovider1001.repository;
    
    
    import com.zking.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
    import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
    
    public interface StudentRepository extends JpaRepository<Student, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
     
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]  
在实现一下  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]  
controller

package com.zking.microservicestudentprovider1001.controller;
    
    import com.javaxl.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    import com.javaxl.microservicestudentprovider1001.service.StudentService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/student")
    public class StudentProviderController {
     
        @Autowired
        private StudentService studentService;
         
        @PostMapping(value="/save")
        public boolean save(Student student){
            try{
                studentService.save(student);  
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                return false;
            }
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/list")
        public List<Student> list(){
            return studentService.list();
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
        public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            return studentService.findById(id);
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
        public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            try{
                studentService.delete(id);
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

## 创建服务消费者microservice-student-consumer-80 ##

1、修改pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.zking</groupId>
            <artifactId>testSpringcloud</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-80</artifactId>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.zking</groupId>
                <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

yml文件

server:
      port: 80
      context-path: /

MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application

package com.javaxl.microservicestudentconsumer80;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
    
    @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
    public class MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumer80Application.class, args);
        }
    
    }

SpringCloudConfig

package com.javaxl.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @Configuration
    public class SpringCloudConfig {
     
        @Bean
        public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

[springcloud]: https://baike.so.com/doc/25751000-26884657.html
[springcloud 1]: https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/b93408401bcd4818b8ae365a10322155.png
[springcloud 2]: https://springcloud.cc/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/834d7ffe632f475aae7646a9950f1f77.png
[springcloud 3]: http://springcloud.cn/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/73139b8ccbca44aab57644dac920a39c.png
[Springcloud_pom]: https://start.spring.io/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/b601f48a1eab44e7beee6213b73c3147.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/463240b5c38b4638aa163b4e9a4c1c28.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/6787000bc02d4b748ead79195015f2c6.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/92e78625e48147bd9f19ba96cfaed68a.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/d567da7c2fb34454a6a5a3966532564b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/064e6b6d1b214c76bd46ab247ad19369.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/67c016e388914b66b098a3875dfd0966.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/aab278d9ff3a48beada7be6a43332b8d.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/2d9220c2911a4ce5a2ed887ecde249dc.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/a0e5741aafd44f1b859ebc4a9448e94b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/66600c62e7b243cb80adcdceaf4d6761.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/a955ef3f33764da7bad34cdaa40c6a22.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/bb6c7c258d494ac1846c30e9bfff31c8.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/2afa68a3d53742129a5b56f0bf1b19f6.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/c1dcc1e74a564cdfa9dbca8fe1f00d70.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ2OTY0MDM5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/04/08/d981a2382d0b45a596f6859b179d925f.png